A Comparison on Prevalence of Hypertension and Related Risk Factors between Island and Rural Residents of Dalian City, China

This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hypertension between the island and rural residents in Dalian, China, and to explore associated risk factors of hypertension in order to provide evidence for the establishment of targeted strategy of hypertension prevention and treatment for island and rural residents. The modified MONICA questionnaire survey was performed on 7764 island and rural residents aged ≥40 years (including 2652 island residents and 5112 rural residents). Our data showed that totally weighted prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in rural residents than in island residents (61.9% vs. 55.2%, P<0.001). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that older age, higher BMI, lower education level, and higher LDL-C and UA levels were independently associated with increased risk of having hypertension both in island and in rural residents. The weighted awareness rate (29.9% vs. 17.3%, P<0.001), treatment rate (51.4% vs. 28.5%, P<0.001), and control rate (36.3% vs. 24.0%, P=0.001) of hypertension were all significantly higher in island residents than those in rural residents. In conclusion, our survey shows that the epidemics of hypertension are extremely high in surveyed residents in island and rural areas of Dalian city, while awareness, treatment, and control rats of hypertension in these residents are much lower than the national level. The scenario is even worse in rural residents as compared with island residents of Dalian, China.

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Prevalence of Malnutrition and Associated Factors of Stunting among 6–23-Month-Old Infants in Central Rural China in 2019

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8165

Author(s):

Jing Liu ◽

Jing Sun ◽

Jian Huang ◽

Junsheng Huo

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Rural China ◽

National Level ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central China ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Improvement Project

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and to investigate the associated factors of stunting among 6–23-month-old infants in poor rural areas of central China. The China Nutrition Improvement Project on Children in Poor Areas was conducted in 56 national-level poor counties of seven provinces in 2019. We performed a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis to determine the associated factors of stunting. This cross-sectional study included 17,193 infants. The overall prevalence of stunting was the highest (3.9%), followed by overweight (3.0%), underweight (2.1%), wasting (2.0%), and obesity (0.5%). Girls [OR = 0.55, 95% CI (0.46, 0.65)], infants meeting requirements of minimum diversity diet [OR = 0.81, 95% CI (0.67, 0.98)], and mothers with middle-school or high-school education and above decreased the prevalence of stunting. Infants with diarrhea in two weeks [OR = 1.26,95% CI (0.98, 1.62)] were at higher odds of stunting. The malnutrition status in the study areas was improved, and vulnerable infants were found to need additional and earlier monitoring to detect and fundamentally prevent undernutrition.

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Impact of rurality on diabetes screening in the US

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-7491-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Phoebe Tran ◽

Lam Tran ◽

Liem Tran

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

National Level ◽

Diabetes Risk ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

Diabetes Screening ◽

Rural Residents ◽

Diabetes Risk Factors ◽

The Us

Abstract Background Due to the high prevalence of diabetes risk factors in rural areas, it is important to identify whether differences in diabetes screening rates between rural and urban areas exist. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine if living in a rural area, rurality, has any influence on diabetes screening across the US. Methods Participants from the 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 nationally representative Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys who responded to a question on diabetes screening were included in the study (n = 1,889,712). Two types of marginal probabilities, average adjusted predictions (AAPs) and average marginal effects (AMEs), were estimated at the national level using this data. AAPs and AMEs allow for the assessment of the independent role of rurality on diabetes screening while controlling for important covariates. Results People who lived in urban, suburban, and rural areas all had comparable odds (Urban compared to Rural Odds Ratio (OR): 1.01, Suburbans compared to Rural OR: 0.95, 0.94) and probabilities of diabetes screening (Urban AAP: 70.47%, Suburban AAPs: 69.31 and 69.05%, Rural AAP: 70.27%). Statistically significant differences in probability of diabetes screening were observed between residents in suburban areas and rural residents (AMEs: − 0.96% and − 1.22%) but not between urban and rural residents (AME: 0.20%). Conclusions While similar levels of diabetes screening were found in urban, suburban, and rural areas, there is arguably a need for increased diabetes screening in rural areas where the prevalence of diabetes risk factors is higher than in urban areas.

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Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7120629 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 629 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kädi Neare ◽

Marilin Janson ◽

Pirje Hütt ◽

Brian Lassen ◽

Arvo Viltrop

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

General Population ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Coxiella Burnetii ◽

Q Fever ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Logistic Analysis ◽

Increased Risk

Q fever is an emerging health problem in both humans and animals. To estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) antibodies in the Estonian population, we analyzed plasma samples from 1000 individuals representing the general population and 556 individual serum samples from five population groups potentially at a higher risk (veterinary professionals, dairy cattle, beef cattle, and small ruminant stockbreeders and hunters). Additionally, 118 dairy cow bulk tank milk samples were analyzed to establish the infection status of the dairy cattle herds and the participating dairy cattle keepers. Questionnaires were used to find the potential risk factors of exposure. The effects of different variables were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis and mixed-effects logistic analysis. The prevalence in veterinary professionals (9.62%; p = 0.003) and dairy cattle farmers (7.73%; p = 0.047) was significantly higher than in the general population (3.9%). Contact with production animals in veterinary practice and being a dairy stockbreeder in C. burnetii positive farms were risk factors for testing C. burnetii seropositive (p = 0.038 and p = 0.019, respectively). Results suggest that C. burnetii is present in Estonia and the increased risk of infection in humans is associated with farm animal contact.

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Risk Factors of Falls in Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-513351/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fei Wang ◽

Jingwen Yu ◽

Fen Wang ◽

Qun Ji ◽

Lan Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Risk Of Falling ◽

Prevention Education ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prolonged Duration ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Low Hdl

Abstract Background Falls of T2DM inpatients with multiple comorbidities not only lead to musculoskeletal injury but also prolonged duration of hospital stay due to delayed healing, original diseases aggravation and increased risk of nosocomial infection.Objective To determine the risk factors of falling in T2DM patients during hospitalization.Methods Clinical data are selected from the patients administered in the department of endocrinology in Hainan General Hospital from the year of 2015 to 2020 with 38 patients in the fall group and 38 patients in the non-fall group. Clinical features and diagnosis-treatment differences are analyzed between the two groups and the correlations of falls and variables are as well evaluated. Results Levels of FBG, LDL-C, ALP, Morse Fall Scale (MFS), treatment of insulin or secretagogue, frequency of hypoglycemic events, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN), diabetic retinopathy (DR), chronic kidney disease (CKD), coexistence of cerebral infarction (CI) and osteoporosis (OP) rates in fall group were higher than those in non-fall group (P<0.05), the serum albumin (ALB), HDL-C and ADL scores were lower in fall group than those in non-fall group; MFS score, frequency of hypoglycemic events, DN, DR, CKD, OP, CI, FBG, LDL-C and ALP levels were positively correlated with fall (P<0.05);on the other hand, 25 (OH) D, serum calcium, ALB, and HDL-C levels were negatively correlated with falls (P<0.05);Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that low level of HDL-C and cerebral infarction were the main risk factors of falls in T2DM inpatients, and the higher the HDL-C, the lower the risk of falls (OR=0.021,P=0.002).Besides, the risk of falling was higher in patients with concurrent cerebral infarction (OR=21.738,P=0.029).Conclusion Patients with chronic diabetic complications, cerebral infarction or osteoporosis, insulin or insulin secretagogue adminstration, high frequency of hypoglycemic events and low HDL-C level are at a higher risk of falling during hospitalization. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the occurrence of falling intensely, prescribe drugs with lower risk of hypoglycemia , and reinforce fall prevention education.

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Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform: Self-Employment Perspectives from a Case Study of Kimonyi Sector

Land ◽

10.3390/land10020117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Mireille Mizero ◽

Aristide Maniriho ◽

Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi ◽

Antoine Karangwa ◽

Philippe Burny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Policy Reform ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Literacy Skills ◽

Land Policy ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Self Employment ◽

Expropriation Risk ◽

Main Activity

Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform promotes agri-business and encourages self-employment. This paper aims to analyze the situation from a self-employment perspective when dealing with expropriation risk in rural areas. In this study, we conducted a structured survey addressed to 63 domestic units, complemented by focus groups of 47 participants from Kimonyi Sector. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having job alternatives, men heading domestic units, literacy skills in English, and owning land lease certificates (p < 0.05) are positively and significantly related to awareness of land expropriation risk. The decision of the head of the domestic unit to practice the main activity under self-employment status is positively influenced by owning a land lease certificate, number of plots, and French skills, while skills in English and a domestic unit’s size have a positive and significant influence on involvement in a second activity as self-employed. Information on expropriation risk has no significant effect on self-employment. The domestic unit survey revealed that 34.9% of the heads of domestic units only have one job, 47.6% have at least two jobs in their everyday life, 12.7% have a minimum of three jobs, and 4.8% are inactive. The focus group synthesis exposed the limits to self-employment ability and facilities.

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Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15–17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e044066

Author(s):

Prashant Mathur ◽

Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan ◽

Sravya Leburu ◽

Anand Krishnan ◽

Himanshu Kumar Chaturvedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Communicable Disease ◽

National Level ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Baseline Risk ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Non Communicable Disease

ObjectiveTo generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents.Design and settingA community-based, national, cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017–2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research—National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas.ParticipantsA multistage sampling design was adopted covering ages between 15 and 69 years—adolescents (15–17 years) and adults (18–69 years). The sample included 12 000 households drawn from 600 primary sampling units. All available adolescents (15–17 years) from the selected households were included in the survey.Main outcome measuresKey NCD risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years)—current tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behaviours, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity.ResultsOverall, 1402 households and 1531 adolescents completed the survey. Prevalence of current daily use of tobacco was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0% to 4.7%), 25.2% (95% CI: 22.2% to 28.5%) adolescents showed insufficient levels of physical activity, 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9% to 7.9%) were overweight and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0% to 2.9%) were obese. Two-thirds reported being imparted health education on NCD risk factors in their schools/colleges.ConclusionThe survey provides baseline data on NCD-related key risk factors among 15–17 years in India. These national-level data fill information gaps for this age group and help assess India’s progress towards NCD targets set for 2025 comprehensively. Though the prevalence of select risk factors is much lower than in many developed countries, this study offers national evidence for revisiting and framing appropriate policies, strategies for prevention and control of NCDs in younger age groups.

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Use of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio as a marker in patients with suspicious diaphragmatic attenuation artifact

Medical Science and Discovery ◽

10.36472/msd.v8i12.634 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 706-710

Author(s):

Kemal Göçer ◽

Ahmet Çağrı Aykan ◽

Bayram Öztürk ◽

Alihan Erdoğan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Myocardial Perfusion Spect ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Inferior Wall ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Attenuation Artifact ◽

Artery Disease

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio assists in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with suspected diaphragmatic attenuation artifact (DAA) on myocardial perfusion SPECT (MP-SPECT). Material and Methods: A total of 255 patients undergoing coronary angiography between 2015-2020 due to unclear DAA of the inferior wall on MP-SPECT were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups (CAD and non-CAD) according to angiographic images. Significant CAD was defined as ≥50% stenosis of coronary arteries feeding the inferior wall. White blood cell count, biochemical parameters, and risk factors for CAD were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of age (p = 0.055), gender (p = 0.482), and body mass index (p = 0.305). N/L ratio (OR = 1.397 p = 0.002 95% Cl = 1.128-1.732) and left ventricle ejection fraction (OR = 0.896 p = 0.023 95% Cl = 0.815-0.985) were independent risk factors for CAD in multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that a cut-off value of ≥2 for N/L ratio predicted the presence of CAD (sensitivity=63.5%, specificity=60.7%, AUC=0.668, 95% CI=0.596 – 0.740, p<0.001). Conclusion: N/L ratio is a simple and accessible test and may increase the diagnostic accuracy of MP-SPECT for CAD in patients with suspicious diaphragmatic attenuation on MP-SPECT.

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Risk factors for post-polypectomy bleeding; a retrospective case-control study of a high-volume colonoscopy center

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie ◽

10.1055/a-1690-7795 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dimitrios Eleftheriadis ◽

Christina Imalis ◽

Guido Gerken ◽

Heiner Wedemeyer ◽

Jan Duerig

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Ileocecal Valve ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

High Volume ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Polyp Size ◽

Epinephrine Injection

Abstract Background and aim Post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB) remains an uncommon although serious complication of colonoscopy. The aim of this study is to determine the PPB-prevalence in a secondary care hospital and its associated risk factors. Patients and methods We collected data from 581 patients, with the removal of 1593 polyps between August 2017 and August 2019. A univariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted retrospectively. Results PPB occurred in only 10 cases, representing 1.7% of patients: immediate in 1.2% and delayed in 0.5%. The number of removed polyps per patient [4.5 (SD 2.59) for hemorrhagic vs. 2.74 (SD 1.98) for non-hemorrhagic group] and the propofol dose [232 mg (SD 93.07) for hemorrhagic vs. 133 mg (SD 57.28) for non-hemorrhagic group] were relevant patient-related risk factors. The polyp-based analysis showed the polyp size [18.4 mm (SD 10.44) for hemorrhagic vs. 4.42 mm (SD 4.29) for non-hemorrhagic group], the morphology [wide-based: OR 24.83 (95 % CI 2.76 – 223.44), pedunculated: OR 56.67 (95 % CI 5.03 – 638.29)], the location at ileocecal valve [OR 20.48, 95 % CI 1.81 – 231.97)], and the polypectomy method [hot snare piecemeal with epinephrine injection: OR 75.38 (95 % CI 7.67 – 741.21)] as significant risk factors for PPB, too. Conclusions The low rate of PPB confirms the safety of the procedure in non-tertiary, high-volume colonoscopy centers. The number of polyps removed per patient, the polyp size, morphology and location, as well as the sedation dose and the method of polypectomy were shown as relevant risk factors.

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Risk of Retinal Toxicity in Longterm Users of Hydroxychloroquine

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.170158 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 1674-1679 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ji-Won Kim ◽

Yoon Young Kim ◽

Hwajeong Lee ◽

Sung-Hoon Park ◽

Seong-Kyu Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Fundus Autofluorescence ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Field Testing ◽

Retinal Toxicity ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Visual Field Testing ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Study Participants

Objective.Several studies have reported risk factors for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity, but data are limited for patients of Asian ancestry. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of and factors for HCQ retinal toxicity in the Korean population.Methods.There were 123 patients enrolled in this study who were using or had used HCQ. Retinal toxicity was detected using spectral domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, multifocal electroretinography, and automated visual field testing. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with HCQ retinal toxicity.Results.Mean duration of HCQ use and mean HCQ dose in study participants was 10.1 years and 6.4 mg/kg, respectively. We found 17 patients (13.8%) with HCQ retinal toxicity among 123 patients. Patients with retinal toxicity took HCQ ranging from 6.7–21.9 years and daily dosage ranging from 4.9–9.1 mg/kg. Only 1 patient had retinal toxicity among patients with daily dose < 5.0 mg/kg. These factors increased the risk of HCQ retinal toxicity: longer duration of HCQ use [adjusted OR (aOR) = 4.71, 95% CI 2.18–10.15 for duration of HCQ use in 5-yr increments], higher daily HCQ dose (aOR = 3.34, 95% CI 1.03–10.80 for daily HCQ dose in 100-mg increments), and the presence of kidney disease (aOR = 8.56, 95% CI 1.15–64.00).Conclusion.HCQ retinal toxicity is associated with duration of HCQ use, daily HCQ dose, and presence of kidney disease. Proper dosing of maximum 5 mg/kg and regular screening according to risk factors are important in HCQ use.

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Risk factors for extended length of stay following hip fracture surgery: A retrospective cohort study of patients aged 90 years and over in China

10.21203/rs.2.12969/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ling Lan ◽

Li-jian Pei ◽

Feifei Zhai ◽

Yuelun Zhang ◽

Jun Jing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Postoperative Pneumonia ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Hip Fracture Surgery ◽

Extended Length ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Fracture Surgery

Abstract Background Hip fractures are typical fractures in geriatric patients and are associated with a high risk of postoperative complications and extended length of stay (LOS) compared with other osteoporotic fractures, particularly among patients over age 90. We aimed to identify the risk factors for extended LOS (more than 14 days) in patients older than 90 years. Methods A single-centre retrospective cohort study was performed in 50 patients (over age 90) who experienced hip fracture between June 1, 2013, and August 31, 2017. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed from the hospital’s electronic database. The baseline characteristics of the patients, intraoperative data and postoperative complications were collected for the assessment of potential risk factors. Univariate analysis and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were performed to determine potential risk factors for extended LOS. Results The age of the patients in the cohort ranged from 90 to 101 years, and the analysis demonstrated that 70% (n = 35) of the patients experienced a complicated course of treatment with an in-hospital mortality rate of 4% (n = 2). The most common complication was the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia (38%). The median duration of hospital stay was 18 (IQR 11, 21) days. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that a LOS of more than 14 days was significantly associated with a lower mean diastolic blood pressure during surgery [odds ratio (OR) =0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.76-0.98, P = 0.018] and the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia (OR=8.95, 95% CI=1.45-55.3, P = 0.018). The occurrence of postoperative pneumonia was significantly associated with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at admission (D0) [odds ratio (OR) =1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02-1.41, P = 0.029]. Neither the LOS nor postoperative pneumonia was found to be associated with the anaesthesia technique. Conclusions A lower mean diastolic blood pressure during surgery and the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia may extend the LOS in patients aged 90 years and over who undergo hip fracture surgery. The use of regional anaesthesia was not associated with a shorter LOS.

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