scholarly journals Spatial-Temporal Changes and Driving Force Analysis of Green Space in Coastal Cities of Southeast China over the Past 20 Years

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Huayan Weng ◽  
Yongchao Gao ◽  
Xinyi Su ◽  
Xiaodong Yang ◽  
Fangyan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to reveal the spatial-temporal change and driving factors of green space in coastal cities of southeast China over the past 20 years. A supervised classification method combining support vector machines (SVMs) and visual interpretation was used to extract the green space from Landsat TM/OLI imageries from 2000–2020. The landscape pattern index was used to calculate geospatial information of green space and analyze their spatial-temporal changes. The hierarchical partitioning analysis was then used to determine the influences of anthropogenic and geographic environmental factors on the spatial-temporal changes in green space. The results indicated that the total area of green space remained constant over the past 20 years in coastal cities of southeast China (1% reduction). The spatial change of green space mainly occurred in the area near the ocean and the southern region. 41.37% of forest land was transferred from cultivated land, while 44.56%, 41.83%, 43.20%, 46.31%, 41.98% and 40.20% of shrub land, sparse woodland, other woodland, high-coverage grassland, moderate-coverage grassland and low-coverage grassland were transferred from forest land. The number of patches, patch density, edge density, landscape shape index and Shannon’s diversity index increased from 2000–2015, and then decreased to the minimum in 2020, while largest patch index continued to decline from 2000–2020. The contribution of anthropogenic factors (0.53–0.61) on the spatial-temporal changes of green space continually increased over the past 20 years, which was also higher than geographical environment factors (0.39–0.41). Our study provides a new perspective to distinguish the impact of anthropogenic activities and geographical environmental factors on the change of green space area, thereby providing a theoretical support for the construction and ecological management of green space.

scholarly journals Effect of fungus Heterobasidion Annosum (FR) bref. on fir and spruce dying in the region of the NP "Durmitor" and "Biogradska gora"

2002 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milosav Andjelic
Keyword(s):  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Several adverse factors of abiotic and biotic nature affect the vitality and decline of spruce and fir in the region of NP "Durmitor" and NP "Biogradska Gora". The most significant adverse abiotic factor is air pollution. Among the adverse biotic factors, the most significant is by all means the parasitic fungus Heterobasidion annosum. The damage caused by this fungus is especially severe in spruce and fir stands in the region of the NP "Durmitor". The infection intensity is approximately the same in both species. The damage caused by H. annosum is greater in the forests of NP "Durmitor", than in the forests of NP "Biogradska Gora". This can be explained by the fact that spruce and fir stands on Durmitor were felled without maintaining the forest order. In the virgin forest reserve NP "Biogradska Gora" in the past there were no fellings, i.e. the impact of anthropogenic factors was excluded. Fungus H. annosum cannot be eliminated form spruce and fir stands on Durmitor, but the treatment of stumps (immediately after the sanitation felling) with "Penofil" or "Borax" can check the velocity of its spread. In this way, the forest is given an opportunity to form more resistant populations through a long period by natural selection .

scholarly journals Changes of vegetation and its forces driving in the Aral Sea Basin of Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Xiangye Zhang ◽  
Hailong Liu ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Aral Sea Basin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Global change brings great uncertainty to the fragile ecological environment of arid area. In order to understand the driving role of climatic factors and socio-economic activity on changes, the distribution and change of vegetation in the Aral Sea basin were examined using data from remote sensing, population data sets from 2000 to 2015, transfer matrix, and the centre of gravity model. The salient results of the analysis were as follows. (1) Although the index increased slightly in the past 20 years overall, it fluctuated greatly over that time. From 2000 to 2015, the NDVI decreased in approximately 62% of the area; increased in 24%; and remained unchanged in 14%. (2) From 2000 to 2015, the geographic centre of the area under forest land to the northeast, marking the advancement of urbanization upstream. The geographic centre of grassland moved to the west. (3) The overall impact of precipitation on vegetation was greater than that of temperature. Areas showing a strong correlation were mostly concentrated in forest land; the impact of precipitation on grasslands was weak. (4) The distribution of vegetation was adversely affected by the increase in population and in GDP. The present study is of particular significance to the restoration and reconstruction of the Aral Sea basin ecosystem.

scholarly journals Modern Transformations of Geosystems of the Western Macroslope of the Barguzin Ridge

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Z. O. Litvintseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Territory

Forest fires are one of the most important environmental factors affecting the environment. Due to climate change and the increasing frequency of forest fires, studies of the consequences of forest fires and the processes of restoration of disturbed geosystems are relevant. Over the past 20 years, there has been an increase in the frequency of fires on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia as a whole, and the western macro slope of the Barguzin ridge in particular. The situation is aggravated by the fact that a significant part of the fires occur in hardto- reach areas of the ridge, which complicates their elimination. The paper presents the results of observations (2015-2020 years) on the impact of forest fires on the taiga geosystems of the western macroslope of the Barguzin ridge. The features of post-fire restoration of geosystems are considered. The natural restoration of forests depends on the nature of the forest growing conditions and the ecological characteristics of the stands. Restoration of dark coniferous-taiga geosystems, including relict ones, after intense fires has not been revealed, since forest growing conditions are changing. The relevance of the research is also related to the fact that the western macroslope of the Barguzin Ridge is located within the Baikal Natural Territory (BPT), where protected areas are located and it is not uncommon for fires to disrupt relict geosystems that are under protection.

scholarly journals An analysis on the effects of urbanization on the local climate of three inland developing cites in East China

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-518
Author(s):  
HE ZHIMING ◽  
DENG SHIRU ◽  
LI LEI ◽  
PAK WAI CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Large City ◽  
City Size ◽  
East China ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Coastal Cities ◽  
Developing Cities ◽  
Warming Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Most studies on the impact of China’s urbanization on local climate focus on developed coastal cities, with little attention paid to inland developing cities. In the present study, we selected three representative and neighboring developing cities (Nanchang, Jiujiang and De’an) in East China to examine, through comparative analyses, local climate changes in inland developing cities with varying sizes during the past 45 years, based on homogenized datasets (1967-2012) released by the National Ground Meteorological Station, taking local economic, demographic, etc. factors into account. Our findings are as follows: The speed of urbanization in these three inland developing cities is correlated to their respective status and sizes - the bigger the city, the faster the urbanization occurring in said city. The pace of the urbanization has a clear impact on the local temperature variability. For the past 45 years, the warming rate in Nanchang (large city) was approximately 0.27 /decade while that in Jiujiang (middle-size city) was approximately  0.23 /decade and that in De’an (small town) was approximately 0.20 /decade. The warming rate was observed to rise in line with city size. The number of high temperature days (HTDs) increased significantly in all three cities over the course of the past 45 years. During the period of 2003 to 2012, HTDs in Nanchang, Jiujiang and De’an increased by 9.8, 5.1 and 1.3 days, respectively, compared with the period of 1967-1976. The larger the city, the more significant the increase in HTDs was observed.

scholarly journals Larch crown diseases in Trentino and South Tyrol

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Maresi ◽  
P. Capretti ◽  
P. Ambrosi ◽  
S. Minerbi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
South Tyrol ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Various attacks of pathogenic fungi on the larch crown were observed in Trentino/South Tyrol, Italy, over the past few years. In 1999, severe defoliation was caused by Mycosphaerella laricina, a rarely investigated pathogen, whose action was enhanced by high temperatures and humidity in August. In July 2000, larch woods showed crown yellowing due to Meria laricis. Lower temperatures and heavy precipitation were probably the predisposing factors in this case. Hypodermella laricis was observed in 2002 as a localised attack, while Lachnellula wilkommii is commonly recorded. The impact of these diseases and the environmental factors involved in their occurrence are discussed in this paper.

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Perceived Burden of Informal Caregivers of a Chronically Ill Older Family Member

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmar Gräßel ◽  
Raffaela Adabbo
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Hypothetical Construct ◽  
Care Situation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

The burden of caregivers has been intensively researched for the past 30 years and has resulted in a multitude of individual findings. This review illustrates the significance of the hypothetical construct of perceived burden for the further development and design of the homecare situation. Following explanations regarding the term informal caregiver, we derive the construct burden from its conceptual association with the transactional stress model of Lazarus and Folkman. Once the extent and characteristics of burden have been set forth, we then present the impact of perceived burden as the care situation. The question of predictors of burden will lead into the last section from which implications can be derived for homecare and relief of caregivers.

Research on behavior recognition based on feature fusion of automatic coder and recurrent neural network

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8927-8935
Author(s):  
Bing Zheng ◽  
Dawei Yun ◽  
Yan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Behavior Recognition ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

Under the impact of COVID-19, research on behavior recognition are highly needed. In this paper, we combine the algorithm of self-adaptive coder and recurrent neural network to realize the research of behavior pattern recognition. At present, most of the research of human behavior recognition is focused on the video data, which is based on the video number. At the same time, due to the complexity of video image data, it is easy to violate personal privacy. With the rapid development of Internet of things technology, it has attracted the attention of a large number of experts and scholars. Researchers have tried to use many machine learning methods, such as random forest, support vector machine and other shallow learning methods, which perform well in the laboratory environment, but there is still a long way to go from practical application. In this paper, a recursive neural network algorithm based on long and short term memory (LSTM) is proposed to realize the recognition of behavior patterns, so as to improve the accuracy of human activity behavior recognition.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

Regulatory and sustainability initiatives lead to improved polyaminopolyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE) wet-strength resins and paper products

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (09) ◽  
pp. 519-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Crisp ◽  
Richard Riehle
Keyword(s):  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives ◽  
The Impact

Polyaminopolyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resins are the predominant commercial products used to manufacture wet-strengthened paper products for grades requiring wet-strength permanence. Since their development in the late 1950s, the first generation (G1) resins have proven to be one of the most cost-effective technologies available to provide wet strength to paper. Throughout the past three decades, regulatory directives and sustainability initiatives from various organizations have driven the development of cleaner and safer PAE resins and paper products. Early efforts in this area focused on improving worker safety and reducing the impact of PAE resins on the environment. These efforts led to the development of resins containing significantly reduced levels of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD), potentially carcinogenic byproducts formed during the manufacturing process of PAE resins. As the levels of these byproducts decreased, the environmental, health, and safety (EH&S) profile of PAE resins and paper products improved. Recent initiatives from major retailers are focusing on product ingredient transparency and quality, thus encouraging the development of safer product formulations while maintaining performance. PAE resin research over the past 20 years has been directed toward regulatory requirements to improve consumer safety and minimize exposure to potentially carcinogenic materials found in various paper products. One of the best known regulatory requirements is the recommendations of the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), which defines the levels of 1,3-DCP and 3-MCPD that can be extracted by water from various food contact grades of paper. These criteria led to the development of third generation (G3) products that contain very low levels of 1,3-DCP (typically <10 parts per million in the as-received/delivered resin). This paper outlines the PAE resin chemical contributors to adsorbable organic halogens and 3-MCPD in paper and provides recommendations for the use of each PAE resin product generation (G1, G1.5, G2, G2.5, and G3).

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