scholarly journals Asymmetry and Directionality in Catalan–Spanish Contact: Intervocalic Fricatives in Barcelona and Valencia

Languages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Justin Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Reading Task ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attitudinal Data

Multilingual communities often exhibit asymmetry in directionality by which the majority language exerts greater influence on the minority language. In the case of Spanish in contact with Catalan, the asymmetry of directionality, favoring stronger influence of Spanish as a majority language over Catalan, is complicated by the unique sociolinguistic statuses afforded to different varieties of Catalan. In order to empirically substantiate the social underpinnings of directionality in language contact settings, the present study examines the variable voicing and devoicing of intervocalic alveolar fricatives in Spanish, Barcelonan Catalan, and Valencian Catalan as processes that are historically endogenous and equally linguistically motivated in both languages. Intervocalic fricatives in both languages were elicited using a phrase-list reading task, alongside sociolinguistic interviews for attitudinal data, administered to 96 Catalan–Spanish bilinguals stratified by gender, age, and language dominance in Barcelona and Valencia, Spain. Patterns of sociolinguistic stratification consistent with community-level changes in progress favoring either Catalan-like voicing or Spanish-like devoicing varied by community, with a stronger influence of Catalan on Spanish in Barcelona and Spanish on Catalan in Valencia. These asymmetries, corroborated by attitudinal differences afforded to Catalan and Spanish in Barcelona and Valencia, ultimately reinforce the role of social factors in language contact outcomes.

scholarly journals WAHYU DAN KEBERHASILAN DAKWAH MUHAMMAD (Sebuah Kajian Sosiologis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-135
Author(s):  
Khadziq Khadziq
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
The Social

Islam is embraced by many people through a relatively fast spread. This fact cannot be separated firom the role of its preacher, Muhammad. His success in da’wa activities was contributed by his social roles as well as the revelation that he brought. This article tries to explain that both the revelation and the social factors greatly supported his da’wa. Beside his positives, the existence of Quran as a revelation contributed the social legitimacy that Muhammad was considered as a figure to be followed in spite of his contrary values to the cultures of his time.

scholarly journals From the Individual's Fault to the Construct of Power (Development and Changes of Crime Theories)

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Mohamad Seddigh Mohamadi ◽  
Hasan Babaee ◽  
Mohamad Khaledian
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Power Development ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Biological Aspects

The present paper aims to explain crime by investigating various theoretical approaches and to show that from the classic era to the recent postmodern theories, a slow but steady cycle of discourse concerning crime has been occurring. In the classic times, the criminal is assumed to be a sane person with sound will who commits crime with an individualistic choice and due to incorrect decisions; In the positivism approach, the theorists' concern is directed at recognizing criminals and clarifying more fundamental biological aspects and psychological performance and they seek to explain the phenomenon of crime by dividing the people of the society into normal and abnormal people; In the modern theories the social factors causing the appearance of crime are at the focal point while critical theories greatly emphasize on the role of the society in the criminal phenomenon and its definition, finally postmodern theories consider crime totally as constructed by mindset, language and power and question its existential reality.

Identification of the socio-technical factors within geothermal exploration based on Plays with examples from Central America 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javiera Chocobar ◽  
Bernhardt Johst ◽  
Rolf Bracke ◽  
Erik H. Saenger
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Geothermal Exploration ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Land Access ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technical Factors

<p>     The development of geothermal exploration has benefited from the inclusion of exploration protocols based on geological Plays classically used in hydrocarbon exploration projects. Despite being a research topic in which many efforts have been devoted, it presents weaknesses when evaluating the role of the communities (the social dimension) during the exploration process. To address the lack of studies, a qualitative research has been carried out in Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panamá) to determine the necessary factors to be considered in the social dimension within the geothermal exploration based in Plays.</p><p>     We have identified the social factors within each social dimension (demand, infrastructure, land access) and from this, a catalogue of the necessary activities required in the social dimension during the geothermal exploration process based on plays is proposed. The results of our survey will greatly contribute to the implementation of the Play-based exploration in geothermal projects because it reduces the risks associated in the initial phase of the exploration process and offers a step-by-step methodology that, when adapted to the needs of each country, can improve the efficiency of the current geothermal exploration protocols.</p>

Indigenous Tewa language regimes across time: Persistence and transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (246) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul V. Kroskrity
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spanish Colonization ◽  
Colonial Oppression ◽  
The Village

AbstractThis article attempts to trace and understand the historical development and transformation of the regimes of language Indigenous to the Village of Tewa (northeastern Arizona). It examines the social institutions and cultural practices that first cultivated a particular set of language ideologies and linguistic practices in the precolonial period. It also tracks more recent transformations involving contemporary Tewa adaptations to inclusion in the federally recognized Hopi Tribe and to the hegemony of the larger nation-state. Critical to my argument is the role of theocratic institutions and Indigenous social organization (e.g., clans and moieties) in providing a foundation for ideological production and elaboration. This account provides a better analysis of Tewa linguistic resistance to Spanish colonization than that of Edward Dozier, who attributed language contact outcomes to the historical circumstances of Spanish colonial oppression rather than to the expression of Indigenous language ideologies, including their regimes of temporalization and the crossing of temporal borders in subjective history.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Parameters in the Choice of Address Forms used in Kinship domain in Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ana Ramsha ◽  
Samrah Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Address Forms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the role of social parameters in the choice of address forms used in kinship domain in Punjab, Pakistan. The study targeted 140 respondents in order to test the impact of social factors along with the regional differences in the choices of address forms in kinship domain. Statistical analyses are done by applying t-test for gender in relation to choices of address forms and ANOVA for age, income, education and social class. The study finds out that there is a strong connection of different social parameters not only with language use and practice but also in choices and use of address forms especially in kinship relationships.  Moreover, it is highlighted that gender does not influence in the choices of address forms, even the participants belonging to young and middle categories show no significant difference with regard to the choices of address form despite the fact that all the factors and parameters exert influence on the choices of address forms. Hence address forms as being one of the major traits of language and society is affected by all the social factors around and regional differences are also most important as they give identity and ethnicity to the society.

scholarly journals ON SOME SOCIO-PRAGMATIC DIMENSIONS OF BORROWING FROM ENGLISH INTO SERBIAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (48) ◽  
pp. 133-150
Author(s):  
Biljana Mišić Ilić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Functional Shift ◽  
Pragmatic Turn ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Social Behaviours

The recent pragmatic turn in the research on language contact and linguistic borrowing emphasizes the role of discourse, the speakers’ motivations and the social context, along with the structural, semantic and pragmatic aspects. Following the theoretical framework postulated in Andersen (2014), Andersen et al. (2017), Peterson (2017), Peterson, Beers Fagersten (2018), and focusing on the borrowing of pragmatic markers from English into Serbian, this article discusses several, often interrelated phenomena, which have been identified as associated with pragmatic borrowing. They are the functional shift (in particular, the weakening of the illocutionary force and the narrowing of the scope of use of the borrowed pragmatic items), semantic bleaching, indexing of particular social identities, and licensing of certain linguistic and social behaviours, possibly unsuitable with the use of native Serbian pragmatic markers. The article provides numerous illustrative contextualized examples of English pragmatic markers borrowed into Serbian, extracted from various electronic sources of written Serbian. They include the politeness markers pliz and sori, the expletives shit, fuck and the related forms such as who/what the fuck, wtf, and the abbreviations omg and rip, which are examined in their pragmatic, semantic, and social aspects.

Gender and Supervision: The Legitimation of Authority in Relationship to Task

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Job Complexity ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Supervisory Practices ◽  
The Relationship

Most theories of bureaucratic organization legitimize hierarchical authority in terms of the economic and administrative imperatives of the production process. Rationales for specific levels of supervision emphasize the inherent nature of task activity (especially job complexity) and its related human-capital and organizational requirements. Personal attributes and the social differentiation of labor in the workplace are explicitly outside the legal-rational framework legitimizing the system of governance and job configuration. This study examines the relationship between job complexity and supervision for male and female workers and the economic and social factors that underlie the configuration of task and authority relations. The analysis suggests dramatic differences in the rationalization of work arrangements by gender—especially in the extent to which social status influences supervisory practices. Further, there appear to be over-time differences in the labor-market processes structuring progressions of jobs and thus normative work arrangements. The findings challenge common assumptions about bureaucratic authority and highlight the role of supervision in labor segmentation within the workplace.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Tourism E-Businesses

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Pedro Álvaro Pereira Correia ◽  
Irene García Medina ◽  
Zahaira Fabiola González Romo
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Share Information

The emergence of social networks has revolutionized the way people communicate and share information. Consequently, it becomes important to analyze the role of these models of collaboration and innovation through social networks in the strategic vision of the responsibility of marketing and communication in tourism industries, mainly the role of Facebook in e-business actions. This chapter presents a qualitative and exploratory analysis of the individuals in the virtual context of the social media, their behaviors, reactions, and attitudes, to perceive which social factors can enhance the appearance of competitive advantages for the organizations. There was a predilection for companies with a greater international connection at the level of clients and also at the level of the operation because there was a predominance of companies related to the tourism sector of Madeira.

Psychological and social factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Shaun M. Eack
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter on psychological and social factors reviews landmark papers addressing the social and psychological contributors to mental disorders and wellness across a range of psychiatric conditions. These papers provide a foundation for understanding the role of stress and critical social environments in psychoses, the cognitive factors that characterize depressive thinking, the impact of environmental trauma on the development of personality conditions and suicidal behaviour, and important social avenues for protecting against risk and facilitating human resilience. Collectively, this early and landmark literature provides compelling evidence for the social and psychological contributors to the development and maintenance of many psychiatric conditions, and illustrates that garnering a better understanding of such factors has led to numerous advances in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders.

scholarly journals Social status gates social attention in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Dalmaso ◽  
Giulia Pavan ◽  
Luigi Castelli ◽  
Giovanni Galfano
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
High Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Curriculum Vitae ◽  
Gaze Cuing ◽  
Specific Identity

Humans tend to shift attention in response to the averted gaze of a face they are fixating, a phenomenon known as gaze cuing. In the present paper, we aimed to address whether the social status of the cuing face modulates this phenomenon. Participants were asked to look at the faces of 16 individuals and read fictive curriculum vitae associated with each of them that could describe the person as having a high or low social status. The association between each specific face and either high or low social status was counterbalanced between participants. The same faces were then used as stimuli in a gaze-cuing task. The results showed a greater gaze-cuing effect for high-status faces than for low-status faces, independently of the specific identity of the face. These findings confirm previous evidence regarding the important role of social factors in shaping social attention and show that a modulation of gaze cuing can be observed even when knowledge about social status is acquired through episodic learning.

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