scholarly journals Pro-Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance during a Prolonged Exposure to Moderate Altitude in Athletes Exhibiting Exercise-Induced Hypoxemia at Sea-Level

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Antoine Raberin ◽  
Elie Nader ◽  
Jorge Lopez Ayerbe ◽  
Gauthier Alfonsi ◽  
Patrick Mucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Moderate Altitude ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study examined to what extent athletes exhibiting exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) possess an altered redox status at rest, in response to exercise at sea level (SL) and during moderate altitude exposure. EIH was defined as a fall in arterial O2 saturation of at least 4% during exercise. Nine endurance athletes with EIH and ten without (NEIH) performed a maximal incremental test under three conditions: SL, one (H1) and five (H2) days after arrival to 2400 m. Gas exchange and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) were continuously monitored. Blood was sampled before exercise and after exercise cessation. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), catalase, ferric-reducing antioxidant power, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were measured in plasma by spectrophotometry. EIH athletes had higher AOPP and NOx concentrations at pre- and post-exercise stages compared to NEIH at SL, H2 but not at H1. Only the EIH group experienced increased SOD activity between pre- and post-exercise exercise at SL and H2 but not at H1. EIH athletes had exacerbated oxidative stress compared to the NEIH athletes at SL and H2. These differences were blunted at H1. Oxidative stress did not alter the EIH groups’ aerobic performance and could lead to higher minute ventilation at H2. These results suggest that higher oxidative stress response EIH athletes could be involved in improved aerobic muscle functionality and a greater ventilatory acclimatization during prolonged hypoxia.

Effects of acute prolonged exposure to high-altitude hypoxia on exercise-induced breathlessness

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nausherwan K. BURKI ◽  
J. Wesley MCCONNELL ◽  
Mohammad AYUB ◽  
Richard M. LILES
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
High Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The direct effects of hypoxia on exercise-induced breathlessness are unclear. Increased breathlessness on exercise is known to occur at high altitude, but it is not known whether this is related to the hypoxia per se, or to other ventilatory parameters. To examine the role of high-altitude hypoxia in exercise-induced breathlessness, studies were performed in 10 healthy, normal subjects at sea level and after acute exposure to an altitude of 4450 ;m. Although the perception of hand weights did not alter between sea level and high altitude, the intensity of exercise-induced breathlessness increased significantly at high altitude. This was associated with a higher minute ventilation and respiratory frequency for any given exercise level, whereas tidal volume was not significantly altered from sea level values. The increased intensity of breathlessness with exercise did not change significantly over the 5 days at high altitude. These results suggest that the increased intensity of exercise-induced breathlessness at high altitude is not related to peripheral mechanisms or the pattern of ventilation, or to the level of hypoxia per se, but to the level of reflexly increased ventilation.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress, Nitric Oxide and Plasma Amino Acid Profile in Recreational Runners with Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Dietary Patterns

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Nebl ◽  
Kathrin Drabert ◽  
Sven Haufe ◽  
Paulina Wasserfurth ◽  
Julian Eigendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Stable Isotope Dilution ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study investigated the exercise-induced changes in oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and amino acid profile in plasma of omnivorous (OMN, n = 25), lacto-ovo-vegetarian (LOV, n = 25) and vegan (VEG, n = 23) recreational runners. Oxidative stress was measured as malondialdehyde (MDA), NO as nitrite and nitrate, and various amino acids, including homoarginine and guanidinoacetate, the precursor of creatine. All analytes were measured by validated stable-isotope dilution gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods. Pre-exercise, VEG had the highest MDA and nitrate concentrations, whereas nitrite concentration was highest in LOV. Amino acid profiles differed between the groups, with guanidinoacetate being highest in OMN. Upon acute exercise, MDA increased in the LOV and VEG group, whereas nitrate, nitrite and creatinine did not change. Amino acid profiles changed post-exercise in all groups, with the greatest changes being observed for alanine (+28% in OMN, +21% in LOV and +28% in VEG). Pre-exercise, OMN, LOV and VEG recreational runners differ with respect to oxidative stress, NO metabolism and amino acid profiles, in part due to their different dietary pattern. Exercise elicited different changes in oxidative stress with no changes in NO metabolism and closely comparable elevations in alanine. Guanidinoacetate seems to be differently utilized in OMN, LOV and VEG, pre- and post-exercise.

Effects of a freeze-dried juice blend powder on exercise-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune function in cyclists

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Knab ◽  
David C. Nieman ◽  
Nicholas D. Gillitt ◽  
R. Andrew Shanely ◽  
Lynn Cialdella-Kam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Exercise Induced

A freeze-dried fruit and vegetable juice powder (JUICE) was investigated as a countermeasure nutritional strategy to exercise-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune perturbations in trained cyclists. Thirty-four cyclists (25 male, 9 female) were randomized to control (nonJUICE) or JUICE for 17 days. JUICE provided 230 mg·day−1 of flavonoids, doubling the typical adult daily intake. During a 3-d period of intensified exercise (days 15–17), subjects cycled at 70%–75% V̇O2max for 2.25 h per day, followed by a 15-min time trial. Blood samples were collected presupplementation, post supplementation (pre-exercise), and immediately and 14-h post exercise on the third day of exercise. Samples were analyzed for inflammation (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8; tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα); monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)), oxidative stress (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), reduced and oxidized glutathione, protein carbonyls), and innate immune function (granulocyte (G-PHAG) and monocyte (M-PHAG) phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity). A 2 (group) × 4 (time points) repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant time effects due to 3 days of exercise for IL-6 (396% increase), IL-8 (78% increase), TNFα (12% increase), MCP-1 (30% increase), G-PHAG (38% increase), M-PHAG (36% increase), FRAP (12.6% increase), ORAC (11% decrease at 14 h post exercise), and protein carbonyls (82% increase at 14 h post exercise) (p < 0.01). No significant interaction effects were found for any of the physiological measures. Although providing 695 gallic acid equivalents of polyphenols per day, JUICE treatment for 17 days did not change exercise-induced alterations in inflammation and oxidative stress or immune function in trained cyclists after a 3-day period of overreaching.

scholarly journals The Antioxidant Effect of Beta-Alanine or Carnosine Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias de França ◽  
Fábio Santos Lira ◽  
Marcio Flávio Ruaro ◽  
Vinicius Barroso Hirota ◽  
Paula A. Faria Waziry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Exercise Induced

The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the articles that addressed the effect beta-alanine (BA) or carnosine supplementation on Physical exercise (PE)-induced oxidative stress (OS). We searched throughout PubMed, CAPES Periodic and SPORTDiscus human model peer review, randomized control studies with chronic BA or carnosine supplementation on PE-induced OS. We search papers published before May 2018.&nbsp; A total of 128 citations were found. Only four articles met criteria for inclusion. All four studies used healthy young (21y) sedentary, recreationally active or athletic participants. After a chorionic BA (~30 days) or carnosine (14 days) supplementation, the studies evaluated PE-induced OS both immediately and several hours after exercise (0.5 to 48 h). In response to PE-induced OS, BA/carnosine supplementation increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione concentrations while decreased pro-oxidant markers and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. BA or carnosine supplementation did not prevent the increase in peroxidation markers (e.g., 8-isoprostane, protein carbonyl or malonaldehyde). In humans, following PE-induced OS, initial treatment trials of BA or carnosine supplementation seemed to increase TAC and GSH concentrations, while decreasing SOD activity. Also, albeit mitigating the acute increase in pro-oxidants, treatment did not decrease measured values of peroxidation markers.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effect of Standardized Extract of Propolis (EPP-AF®) in Healthy Volunteers: A “Before and After” Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Débora P. Diniz ◽  
Daniela Aparecida Lorencini ◽  
Andresa Aparecida Berretta ◽  
Monica A. C. T. Cintra ◽  
Erica N. Lia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Background. Propolis is rich in polyphenols, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, and has significant antioxidant activity, shown mainly in “in vitro” studies. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant efficacy and safety of a standardized propolis extract in healthy volunteers. Design. A two-phase sequential, open-label, nonrandomized, before and after clinical trial. Methods. Healthy participants received two EPP-AF® doses (375 and 750 mg/d, P.O, tid) during 7 ± 2 days, starting with the lower doses. Immediately before starting EPP-AF® administration and at the end of each 7-day dosing schedule, blood and urine samples were collected for quantification of 8-OHDG (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) and 8-ISO (8-isoprostanes) in urine and GSH (reduced glutathione), GSSG (oxidized glutathione), SOD (superoxide dismutase), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), vitamin E, and MDA (malondialdehyde) in plasma. Results. In our study, we had 34 healthy participants (67.7% women, 30 ± 8 years old, 97% white). The 8-ISO, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, decreased with both doses of EPP-AF® compared to baseline (8-ISO, 1.1 (0.9–1.3) versus 0.85 (0.75–0.95) and 0.89 (0.74–1.0), ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05 , for 375 and 750 mg/d EPP-AF® doses versus baseline, mean and CI 95%, respectively). 8-OHDG, a biomarker of DNA oxidation, was also reduced compared to baseline with 750 mg/d doses (8-OHDG, 15.7 (13.2–18.1) versus 11.6 (10.2–13.0), baseline versus 750 mg/d, respectively, ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05 ). Reduction of biomarkers of oxidative stress damage was accompanied by increased plasma SOD activity (68.8 (66.1–73.3) versus 78.2 (72.2–80.5) and 77.7 (74.1–82.6), %inhibition, P < 0.0001 , 375 and 750 mg/d versus baseline, median and interquartile range 25–75%, respectively) and by increased GSH for 375 mg/d EPP-AF® doses (1.23 (1.06–1.34) versus 1.33 (1.06–1.47), μmol/L, P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. EPP-AF® reduced biomarkers of oxidative stress cell damage in healthy humans, with increased antioxidant enzymatic capacity, especially of SOD. This trial is registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC, RBR-9zmfs9).

scholarly journals Hypoxia is not the primary mechanism contributing to exercise-induced proteinuria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000662
Author(s):  
Kelsley E Joyce ◽  
John Delamere ◽  
Susie Bradwell ◽  
Stephen David Myers ◽  
Kimberly Ashdown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Systemic Hypoxia ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Ace Genotype ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sensitive Marker

IntroductionProteinuria increases at altitude and with exercise, potentially as a result of hypoxia. Using urinary alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP) levels as a sensitive marker of proteinuria, we examined the impact of relative hypoxia due to high altitude and blood pressure-lowering medication on post-exercise proteinuria.MethodsTwenty individuals were pair-matched for sex, age and ACE genotype. They completed maximal exercise tests once at sea level and twice at altitude (5035 m). Losartan (100 mg/day; angiotensin-receptor blocker) and placebo were randomly assigned within each pair 21 days before ascent. The first altitude exercise test was completed within 24–48 hours of arrival (each pair within ~1 hour). Acetazolamide (125 mg two times per day) was administrated immediately after this test for 48 hours until the second altitude exercise test.ResultsWith placebo, post-exercise α1-AGP levels were similar at sea level and altitude. Odds ratio (OR) for increased resting α1-AGP at altitude versus sea level was greater without losartan (2.16 times greater). At altitude, OR for reduced post-exercise α1-AGP (58% lower) was higher with losartan than placebo (2.25 times greater, p=0.059) despite similar pulse oximetry (SpO2) (p=0.95) between groups. Acetazolamide reduced post-exercise proteinuria by approximately threefold (9.3±9.7 vs 3.6±6.0 μg/min; p=0.025) although changes were not correlated (r=−0.10) with significant improvements in SpO2 (69.1%±4.5% vs 75.8%±3.8%; p=0.001).DiscussionProfound systemic hypoxia imposed by altitude does not result in greater post-exercise proteinuria than sea level. Losartan and acetazolamide may attenuate post-exercise proteinuria, however further research is warranted.

Cardiac remodeling and functional adaptations consecutive to altitude training in rats: implications for sea level aerobic performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Reboul ◽  
S. Tanguy ◽  
J. M. Juan ◽  
M. Dauzat ◽  
P. Obert
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Moderate Altitude ◽  
Ventricular Performance ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Training

This study questioned the effect of living and training at moderate altitude on cardiac morphological and functional adaptations and tested the incidences of potential specific adaptations compared with aerobic sea level training on maximal left ventricular performance. Sea level-native rats were randomly assigned to N (living in normoxia), NT (living and training 5 days/wk for 5 wk in normoxia), CH (living in hypoxia, 2,800 m), and CHT (living and training 5 days/wk for 5 wk in hypoxia, 2,800 m) groups. Cardiac adaptations were evaluated throughout the study period by Doppler echocardiography. Maximal stroke volume (LVSVmax) was measured during volume overloading before and after the study period. Finally, at the end of the study period, passive pressure-volume relationships on isolated heart and cardiac weighing were obtained. Altitude training resulted in a specific left ventricular (LV) remodeling compared with NT, characterized by an increase in wall thicknesses without any alteration in internal dimensions. These morphological adaptations associated with hypoxia-induced alterations in pulmonary outflow and preload conditions led to a decrease in LV filling and subsequently no improvement in LV performance during resting physiological conditions in CHT compared with NT. Such a lack of improvement was confirmed during volume overloading that simulated maximal effort (LVSVmax pretest: NT = 0.58 ± 0.05, CHT = 0.57 ± 0.08 ml; posttest: NT = 0.72 ± 0.06, CHT = 0.58 ± 0.07 ml; NT vs. CHT in posttest session, P < 0.05). Maximal aerobic velocities increased to the same extent in NT and CHT rats despite marked polycythemia in the latter. The lack of LVSVmax improvement resulting from altitude training-induced cardiac morphological and functional adaptations could be responsible for this phenomenon.

Overloaded Training Increases Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Damage

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Palazzetti ◽  
Marie-Jeanne Richard ◽  
Alain Favier ◽  
Irene Margaritis
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Leukocyte Dna Damage

We hypothesized that overloaded training (OT) in triathlon would induce oxidative stress and damage on muscle and DNA. Nine male triathletes and 6 male sedentary subjects participated in this study. Before and after a 4-week OT, triathletes exercised for a duathlon. Blood ratio of reduced vs. oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TEARS), leukocyte DNA damage, creatine kinase (CK), and CK-MB mass in plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, erythrocyte and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured before and after OT in pre- and postexercise situations. Triathletes were overloaded in response to OT. In rest conditions, OT induced plasma GSH-Px activity increase and plasma TAS decrease (both p < 0.05). In exercise conditions, OT resulted in higher exercise-induced variations of blood GSH/GSSG ratio, TBARS level (both p < 0.05), and CK-MB mass (p < 0.01) in plasma; and decreased TAS response (p < 0.05). OT could compromise the antioxidant defense mechanism with respect to exercise-induced response. The resulting increased exercise-induced oxidative stress and further cellular susceptibility to damage needs more study. Key words: lipid peroxidation, leukocyte DNA damage, antioxidant, triathlon

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