scholarly journals Features of the Microstructure and Chemical Compositions of Vanadium-Containing Slags Including Determination of Vanadium Oxidation Degrees

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Kovalev ◽  
Dmitry Wainstein ◽  
Vladimir Vakhrushev ◽  
Anton Volkov ◽  
Ulyana Kologrieva
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Converter Slag ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Environment Impact ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Basic Oxygen Converter ◽  
Forms Of Compounds ◽  
Oxide Phases

Metallurgical vanadium-containing converter slag could be used as an alternative vanadium source. The development of a physico-chemical basis for the comprehensive processing of industrial vanadium-containing debris requires information about their elemental composition as well as the oxidation degrees of the elements and forms of compounds in order to solve two key problems: a better utilization of industrial wastes and a lowering of environment impact. This research was aimed at the development of methods to determine the fractions of elements and their oxidation degrees in vanadium-containing industrial debris exemplified by basic oxygen converter vanadium slags. A set of bulk and surface analysis methods (X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) was used for this purpose: based on results of elemental analysis, SEM detects the oxide phases of metals, while an analysis of the XPS lines’ fine structures provides fractions of corresponding elements with definite oxidation degrees. In this way, one can determine the fractions of vanadium in multiple oxidation degrees in slags and can properly select the chemicals and parameters of chemical processes for its fullest extraction.

scholarly journals Vanadium Chemical Compounds Forms in Wastes of Vanadium Pentoxide Production

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4889
Author(s):  
Anton Volkov ◽  
Ulyana Kologrieva ◽  
Anatoly Kovalev ◽  
Dmitry Wainstein ◽  
Vladimir Vakhrushev
Keyword(s):  
Vanadium Pentoxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Converter Slag ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Vanadium Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxidation Degree ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Ions ◽  
Optimal Technology

A big amount of solid wastes or dump sludges is generated after leaching vanadium (V) from a roasted mixture. As the vanadium content in these tailings is comparable to its concentration in traditional vanadium sources such as titanomagnetite ores or a vanadium converter slag, these wastes could be recycled to extract additional vanadium. Therefore, this research was aimed on studies of vanadium-containing sludges resulting from hydrometallurgical production of vanadium pentoxide to find an optimal technology for V extraction. The material composition of industrial and synthetic sludge samples was studied by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), secondary ions mass spectroscopy (SIMS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCA). The paper demonstrates the presence of vanadium in sludges, not only in spinels in 3+ oxidation degree, but also in other compounds containing V4+ and V5+. It was found that vanadium substitutes a set of elements in minerals except spinel. The dependence between the content of insoluble vanadium compounds and V oxidation degree was determined.

scholarly journals Structure and Characterization of TiC/GLC Multilayered Films with Various Bilayers Periods

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Weiqi Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Ling ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Wenhao Nie ◽  
Li Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Closed Field ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
Multilayered Films ◽  
Sputtering Deposition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
Self Organizing

The spontaneously self-organizing multilayered graphite-like carbon (denoted as GLC) /TiC films with various bilayer periods in the range of 13.3–17.5 nm were deposited on silicon and 1Cr18Mn8Ni5N stainless steel substrates using closed field magnetron sputtering deposition facility. The microstructures and chemical compositions of the prepared multilayered films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy respectively. The self-organizing multilayered structures in all of the films consisted of titanium carbide layers and sp2-rich carbon layers periodically alternate arrangement. The TiC contents and bilayer periods of the multilayered films can be controlled by means of adjusting of sputtering current of graphite target. Furthermore, the mechanical and tribological performances of the prepared films were appraised by nano-indentor, scratch measures, and ball-on-plate tribometer respectively. The results indicated that multilayer structure endowed the as-deposited TiC/GLC films outstanding mechanical and tribological properties, especially the multilayer film with 15.9 nm bilayer period deposited at 10 A sputtering current showed the excellent adhesion strength and hardness; Simultaneously it also exhibited the lowest average friction coefficient in the humid environment owing to its high content of sp2 hybrid carbon.

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on Reduction of Graphene Oxide with Hydrazine Hydrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 539-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Shi Ma ◽  
Jun Wen Zhou ◽  
Xiao Dan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxygen Groups

Graphene oxide was prepared through Hummers' method，then different reduced graphenes were prepared via reduction of graphene oxide with hydrazine hydrate for 1h、12h and 24h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for the characterization of graphene oxide and the reduced graphenes. The variation of the contents of carbon in carbon and oxygen functional groups and chemical compositions of graphene oxides were investigated through analysis the content of different carbon atoms in different reduced graphenes. The results showed that the reduction reaction was very fast in the first 1 h, the content of total oxygen bonded carbon atoms decreased from 83.6% to 22.1%, and then after the reduction rate became very slow. After 12h, the content of total oxygen bonded carbon atom is 19.56%, only 2.54% lower than that of 1h’s. At the same time, C-N was introduced in the graphene oxides; this increased the stereo-hindrance for hydrazine hydrate attacking the C-Oxygen groups, thus reduced the reduction rate. After reduction for 24h, there still exists 16.4% oxygen bonded carbon atoms and the total conversion ratio of graphene approaches 70%.

A method for determining the CEC and chemical composition of clays via XRF

Clay Minerals ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Battaglia ◽  
L. Leoni ◽  
F. Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
New Method ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Wet Chemistry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Source Clays

AbstractA new method for determining the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clays is proposed. The method is based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of natural and Ba-exchanged clays following the analytical procedure suggested by Franzini et al. (1975). This procedure, which utilizes powder pellets and is based on a full matrix correction method, is frequently applied in Earth Sciences laboratories for the routine analysis of minerals and rocks. For the analysis of Ba-exchanged clays, Franzini's procedure has been modified slightly to account for the contribution of Ba to matrix effects.The new method, which furnishes both the CEC and the chemical compositions of the whole natural clay samples, has been tested on the eight ‘Source Clays’ of The Clay Minerals Society. The results compare well with data reported in the literature and confirm the accuracy and precision of the method and make it a valid alternative to techniques based on wet chemistry, execution of which is usually more time-consuming and which often requires greater analytical skill.

Self Absorption Corrections for X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Aerosols

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 619-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Dzubay ◽  
R. O. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Normal Mass ◽  
Log Normal

AbstractA procedure is described for making self absorption corrections for x-ray fluorescence analysis of ambient air aerosols which are collected in two size ranges with a dichotomous sampler. Calculations for fine particles are based on the assumption of a uniform layer of accumulated deposit which has an exponentially decreasing depth profile within a membrane filter. Coarse particles are treated as spheres with a log normal mass distribution which is subject to modification by the sampling device. An average attenuation and the associated uncertainty is deduced for coarse particles by considering a wide variety of possible chemical compositions.

scholarly journals X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Silane Coupling Agents/Basalt Fiber Interface

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 1467-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Lan Liu ◽  
Shi Jie Shen ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Ling Min Shao
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silane Coupling

In this paper, two types of fiber surface treatment methods, namely heat treatment and chemical coupling, were used to improve the basalt fiber surface properties. The basalt fiber surface was heated under 250Celsius degree for 30minites, and then was treated by silane coupling agent ethanol solution with different concentrations. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to study the surface chemical compositions of basalt fiber after treatments. The XPS analysis indicated that chemical bonds between basalt fiber and KH-550 have occurred, and silanols were adsorbed to the surface of basalt fibers by an ether linkage between the silanols and the hydroxyl groups of the fibers. When the concentration of KH-550 is 0.8wt%, the optimal bonding condition is formed between basalt fiber and silane coupling agent.

Application of Micro-X-ray Fluorescence Analysis for the Characterization of Industrial Wastes

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 2348-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D. Alba ◽  
Patricia Aparicio ◽  
Jose M. Benítez ◽  
Miguel A. Castro ◽  
Maria Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
X Ray

Development of a high-precision XYZ translator and estimation of beam profile of the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray undulator beamline BL-13B at the Photon Factory

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-933
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Aiura ◽  
Kenichi Ozawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Mase ◽  
Makoto Minohara ◽  
Satoshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Vacuum Ultraviolet ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Measurement Capability ◽  
Photon Factory ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Microscopic Measurement

A high-precision XYZ translator was developed for the microanalysis of electronic structures and chemical compositions on material surfaces by electron spectroscopy techniques, such as photoelectron spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy, utilizing the vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray synchrotron radiation at an undulator beamline BL-13B at the Photon Factory. Using the high-precision translator, the profile and size of the undulator beam were estimated. They were found to strongly depend on the photon energy but were less affected by the polarization direction. To demonstrate the microscopic measurement capability of an experimental apparatus incorporating a high-precision XYZ translator, the homogeneities of an SnO film and a naturally grown anatase TiO2 single crystal were investigated using X-ray absorption and photoemission spectroscopies. The upgraded system can be used for elemental analyses and electronic structure studies at a spatial resolution in the order of the beam size.

Properties Study of Mixed Silane Films on the Surface of Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Zhen Dong Sun ◽  
Yan Ning Yang ◽  
Qing Peng Li ◽  
Jian Guo Liu ◽  
Chuan Wei Yan
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Adhesive Property ◽  
Epoxy Coating ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Silane Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron

The mixed silane films were obtained on the surface of the Q235 steel sheets by directly immersing in a mixed silane solution containing γ-Glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane (γ-GPS) and 1, 2-bis (triethoxysilyl) ethane (BTSE), The chemical compositions and microstructures of the films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The corrosion resistances were investigated by electrochemical measurements and neutral salt spray (NSS) test. The effects of silane films to the epoxy coating were investigated through the adhesive property test. The results showed that the γ-GPS/BTSE mixed silane film could remarkably improve the corrosion resistance of epoxy coating and prolong its service life.

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