scholarly journals Verification of the Influence of Loading and Mortar Coating Thickness on Resistance to High Temperatures Due to Fire on Load-Bearing Masonries with Clay Tiles

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3669
Author(s):  
Rodrigo P. de Souza ◽  
Fernanda Pacheco ◽  
Gustavo L. Prager ◽  
Augusto M. Gil ◽  
Roberto Christ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fire Curve ◽  
Resistance Decrease ◽  
Clay Tiles

Masonry has been widely used as a construction method. However, there is a lack of information on its fire behavior due to the multitude of variables that could influence this method. This paper aimed to identify the influence of loading and mortar coating thickness on the fire behavior of masonry. Hence, six masonries made of clay tiles laid with mortar were evaluated. The mortar coating had a thickness of 25 mm on the face not exposed to high temperatures, while the fire-exposed face had thicknesses of 0, 15, and 25 mm. For each mortar coating thickness, two specimens were tested, with and without loading of 10 tf/m. The real-scale specimens were subjected to the standard ISO 834 fire curve for four hours, during which the properties of stability, airtightness, and thermal insulation were assessed. Results showed that loaded specimens yielded smaller deformations than unloaded ones. Samples that lacked mortar coating on the fire-exposed face underwent fire resistance decrease of 27.5%, while the ones with 15 mm decreased by 58.1%, and the ones with 25 mm decreased by 41.0%. As mortar coating thickness increased, the plane deformations decreased from 40 mm to 29 mm and the thermal insulation properties of the walls improved significantly. For specimens with mortar coating thickness of 25 mm, the load application resulted in a reduction of 23.8% of the thermal insulation, while the unloaded specimen showed a decrease of 43.3%, as well as a modification of its fire-resistance rating.

scholarly journals Fire resistance of ceramic-masonry sealing blocks using intumescent paint protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Santos Sales ◽  
Carlos Fernando Gomes do Nascimento ◽  
Thais Marques da Silva ◽  
Lydia Marques Barreto ◽  
Alberto Casado Lordsleem Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Passive Protection ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
The Face ◽  
Compressive Resistance

The efficiency of surface protection of sealing masonry structures with intumescent ink was evaluated in relation to mechanical resistance and thermal insulation. Sixty ceramic sealing masonry blocks were used. The temperature of the face directly exposed to the flame was on average 25% lower for the block with passive protection. The compressive strength of the blocks with passive protection was about 70% higher than the unprotected blocks, after 60 minutes of direct exposure to the flame. More than 70% of the blocks without passive protection and that were exposed to flame had compressive resistance of 1.35 MPa, while 100% of the blocks with protection had values 2.38 MPa, even after 60 minutes of exposure

scholarly journals Evaluation on the Bond Capacity of the Fire-Protected FRP Bonded to Concrete Under High Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-yeon Seo ◽  
Jong-wook Lim ◽  
Su-hyun Jeong
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Board Type ◽  
The Face

AbstractTo figure out the change in the reinforcing effect of FRP system used for the retrofit of RC beam when it is exposed to high temperature, it is required to evaluate not only the behavior of the entire beam, but also the bond performance at anchorage zone through a bond test according to the increase of external temperature. Moreover, the study to find various fire-protection methods is necessary to prevent the epoxy from reaching the critical temperature during an exposure to high temperature. In this manner, the fire-resistance performances of externally bonded (EB) FRP and near-surface-mounted (NSM) FRP to concrete block were evaluated by high-temperature exposure tests after performing a fire-protection on the surface in this paper. Board-type insulation with mortar was considered for the fire-protection of FRP system. After the fire-protection of the FRPs bonded to concrete blocks, an increasing exposure temperature was applied to the specimens with keeping a constant shear bond stress between concrete and the FRP. Based on the result, the temperature when the bond strength of the FRP disappears was evaluated. In addition, a finite element analysis was performed to find a proper method for predicting the temperature variation of the epoxy which is fire-protected with board-type insulation during the increase of external temperature. As a result of the test, despite the same fire-protection, NSM specimens were able to resist 1.54–2.08 times higher temperature than EB specimens. In the design of fire-protection of FRP system with the board-type insulation, it is necessary to consider the transfer from sides as well as the face with FRP. If there is no insulation of FP boards on the sides, the epoxy easily reaches its critical temperature by the heat penetrated to the sides, and increasing the thickness of the FP board alone for the face with FRP does not increase the fire-resistance capacity. As a result of the FE analysis, the temperature variation at epoxy can be predicted using the analytical approach with the proper thermal properties of FP mortar and board.

Drywall Thermal Properties Exposed to High Temperatures and Fire Condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azree Othuman Mydin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Standard Fire ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Fire Barrier ◽  
In Fire

Drywall is a widespread fire barrier used in house and general building construction. Drywall partitions and ceiling membranes are possibly the most common fire resistant construction approach employed in an extensive range of building types. The utilization of drywall board as prime fire protection of light-flame wood or steel construction is ubiquitous. Drywall board based systems are among those now broadly used, as walls or ceilings and it is principally employed as lining material in light-weight construction, which is a competent and cost effective technique of providing flexible partitioning assemblies in commercial and residential buildings. The thickness of the drywall board lining and the configuration of the framing can be flexibly changed to meet specified fire performance requirements. The use of such systems is increasing every day and there demands to be more research on their properties and behaviour. This paper will presents the properties of drywall board which will includes the assemblies and standard fire tests and the thermal properties of drywall in general and includes suggested properties of drywall by different researchers. Drywall boards shrink and crack at high temperatures, and this leads to collapse of parts of the drywall boards in fire. Fall-off of gypsum in fire affects the fire resistance of the assembly considerably, and cannot be overlooked when evaluating the fire resistance of drywall assemblies

Research of Fire Resistance of Tunnel Lining Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Adam Hubáček ◽  
Veronika Ondryášová
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Tunnel Lining ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Resistance Improvement

The article is involved with study of fire resistance of concrete for tunnel linings. It summarises the problems of present knowledge of concrete resistance in tunnels and deals with behaviour of concrete particular parts at exposure to high temperatures. Further possibilities of fire resistance improvement for production of concretes together with fire prevention are described in this paper.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Menstruasi Terhadap Kesiapan Psikologis Dalam Menghadapi Menarche Pada Remaja Putri Prapubertas Di SD Gugus V Mengwi

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Gusti Ayu Pramita Aswitami
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Class V ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Face

Background: Menarche is the first menstruation out in young women. Menarche occurs in young women who have entered the puberty phase. Often young women are not ready to face menarche, this is due to a lack of information about menstruation and preparations that must be done in the face of menstruation. With conditions that are not ready, young women often feel anxious and fearful, thus disrupting psychology and hindering daily activities. To prepare young women in the face of menarche, it is necessary to provide information correctly and right before teenage poetry enters puberty, the prepubertal period. This information can be provided through health education. through health education, young women are better prepared and not anxious and afraid when experiencing menarche. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of health education on menstruation on psychological readiness in the face of menarche in prepubertal adolescent girls in SD Gugus V Mengwi. Method: This research is a quasy-experimental study, the design of the research used is the Pre-test and Post-test One Group Design that is looking at the differences before and after the intervention. Samples taken were 79 class V students who had not experienced menarche at the SD Gugus V Mengwi V.The sampling technique is total sampling. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon Match Pairs Test. Results : this study indicate that there is an influence of health education about menstruation on psychological readiness in the face of menarche in prepubertal girls in the Gwi Cluster V Elementary School. Conclusion: It is suggested to young women to increase their knowledge, awareness, and concern for the health of their reproductive functions, especially in the face of menarche after being given health education about menarche so that good readiness can be achieved when facing menarche.

Super strong, shear resistant, and highly elastic lamellar structured ceramic nanofibrous aerogels for thermal insulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Cheng Liu ◽  
Xinxin Zhang ◽  
Yang Si ◽  
Jianyong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Advanced Ceramic ◽  
Strong Shear

Advanced ceramic aerogels with ultra-strong mechanical properties and excellent fire resistance are critically required as heat insulators under extreme conditions. Nevertheless, the current use of ceramic aerogels is usually restricted...

scholarly journals SANDWICH PANELS – BEHAVIOR IN FIRE BASED ON FIRE RESISTANCE TESTS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Roszkowski ◽  
Paweł Sulik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Resistance Tests ◽  
Building Elements

<p>Sandwich panel is the material that is easy and quickly to install. Basing on a great experience in the area of determination of the fire resistance class of construction building elements the authors describe the properties and behavior of building elements made of the sandwich panels exposed to fire. The article presents the results of fire resistance tests carried out in accordance with EN 1364-1 non-bearing walls made of sandwich panels with use of different cores.</p>The following parameters were analyzed: temperature rise on unexposed side (I – thermal insulation), integrity (E) depending on the orientations and on the width of the sandwich panels, deflection depending on the thickness of the boards. Conclusions were made on the base of the analysis from fire resistance tests.

scholarly journals Experimental analysis of the spalling phenomenon in precast reinforced concrete columns exposed to high temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 856-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. GIL ◽  
B. FERNANDES ◽  
F. L. BOLINA ◽  
B. F. TUTIKIAN
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Concrete Cover ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Fire Curve ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
Real Scale

Abstract Among the processes that involve the degradation of concrete structures subject to the high temperatures of a fire there is the spalling phenomenon. Its mechanisms are related to the thermal stress of the materials dilatations and pore pressure the process of vaporization of water during heating. The factors that influences in its occurrence are related to concrete properties, structural member characteristics or the exposure conditions, and their parameters are not clearly known yet. This paper aimed to study the influence of three concrete mixtures, four coating thicknesses and two bars diameters of longitudinal reinforcement in the spalling phenomena exposed to ISO 834 fire curve. The characterization of concrete were performed either of the axial compression strength tests, water absorption by capillary and mercury intrusion porosimetry, besides the fire resistance tests in real-scale specimens. It was concluded that the diameter of the bar does not have influence, while the mixture and the concrete cover thickness does. More spalling was recorded for the columns with thicker concrete cover and concrete compressive strength at 61,9 MPa, and although higher strength concrete have less permeability, this characteristic can be balanced with the higher tensile strength of this type of concrete.

Analysis of Fire Resistance of Concrete Structural Members Based on Different Fire Models: An Illustrative Example of the Slab Panel Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Benýšek ◽  
Radek Štefan ◽  
Jaroslav Procházka
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Scientific Software ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Fire Models ◽  
Fire Curve

The paper deals with the analysis of fire resistance of concrete structural members exposed to fire based on different fire models. An illustrative example of the assessment of a slab panel is presented. Several fire models are employed in order to predict the evolution of temperature in a selected fire compartment. Some of these fire models, namely the ISO fire curve and the parametric fire curve, are implemented in an in-house MATLAB code. For the more comprehensive fire models, external scientific software tools are used, namely the CFAST software for the zone model and the FDS software for the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model. By employing the results of the fire simulations, the fire resistance of the slab panel is assessed. It is performed by a one-way coupled numerical procedure based on a well-known heat transfer finite element model and iterative sectional mechanical analysis. The procedure is implemented in an in-house MATLAB code. It is shown that (i) the numerical procedure can be employed in connection with different fire models and (ii) the fire resistance prediction can be strongly influenced by the type of selected fire model.

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