scholarly journals Better Surface Integrity and Tribological Properties of Steel Sintered by Powder Metallurgy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3172
Author(s):  
Tae-Hwan Lim ◽  
Chang-Soon Lee ◽  
In-Sik Cho ◽  
Auezhan Amanov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Counter Surface

The current research reports the improvement in surface integrity and tribological characteristics of steel prepared using a powder metallurgy (PM) by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) at 25 and 300 °C. The surface integrity and tribological properties of three samples, namely, as-PM, UNSM-25 and UNSM-300 were investigated. The average surface roughness (Ra) of the as-PM, UNSM-25 and UNSM-300 samples was measured using a non-contact 3D scanner, where it was found to be 3.21, 1.14 and 0.74 µm, respectively. The top surface hardness was also measured in order to investigate the influence of UNSM treatment temperature on the hardness. The results revealed that the as-PM sample with a hardness of 109 HV was increased up to 165 and 237 HV, corresponding to a 32.1% and 57.2% after both the UNSM treatment at 25 and 300 °C, respectively. XRD analysis was also performed to confirm if any changes in chemistry and crystal size were took place after the UNSM treatment at 25 and 300 °C. In addition, dry tribological properties of the samples were investigated. The friction coefficient of the as-PM sample was 0.284, which was reduced up to 0.225 and 0.068 after UNSM treatment at 25 and 300 °C, respectively. The wear resistance was also enhanced by 33.2 and 52.9% after UNSM treatment at both 25 and 300 °C. Improvements in surface roughness, hardness and tribological properties was attributed to the elimination of big and deep porosities after UNSM treatment. Wear track of the samples and wear scar of the counter surface balls were investigated by SEM to reach a comprehensive discussion on wear mechanisms. Overall, it was confirmed that UNSM treatment at 25 and 300 °C had a beneficial effect on the surface integrity and tribological characteristics of sintered steel by the PM that is used in a shock absorber for a car engine.

scholarly journals Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics of Cladded AISI 1045 Carbon Steel

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Ruslan Karimbaev ◽  
Seimi Choi ◽  
Young-Sik Pyun ◽  
Auezhan Amanov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Double Layers ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Aisi 1045 ◽  
American Society ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Characteristics

This study introduces a newly developed cladding device, through printing AISI 1045 carbon steel as single and double layers onto American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) H13 tool steel plate. In this study, the mechanical and tribological characteristics of single and double layers were experimentally investigated. Both layers were polished first and then subjected to ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) treatment to improve the mechanical and tribological characteristics. Surface roughness, surface hardness and depth profile measurements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the polished and UNSM-treated layers were carried out. After tribological tests, the wear tracks of both layers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The surface roughness (Ra and Rz) of the single and double UNSM-treated layers was reduced 74.6% and 85.9% compared to those of both the as-received layers, respectively. In addition, the surface hardness of the single and double layers was dramatically increased, by approximately 23.6% and 23.4% after UNSM treatment, respectively. There was no significant reduction in friction coefficient of both the UNSM-treated layers, but the wear resistance of the single and double UNSM-treated layers was enhanced by approximately 9.4% and 19.3% compared to the single and double polished layers, respectively. It can be concluded that UNSM treatment was capable of improving the mechanical and tribological characteristics of both layers. The newly developed cladding device can be used as an alternative additive manufacturing (AM) method, but efforts and upgrades need to progress in order to increase the productivity of the device and also improve the quality of the layers.

Evaluation of Surface Integrity during Machining with Different Tool Grades of Sicp/Al-Si Composites Produced by Powder Metallurgy

2011 ◽  
Vol 672 ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Günay ◽  
Ulvi Şeker
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Alloy Matrix ◽  
Surface Finishes

MMCs components are mostly produced using near net shape manufacturing methods and are subsequently machined to the final dimensions and surface finishes. The MMCs consist of extremely hard reinforcing particles and pose considerable challenges due to the poor machinability and severe wear of the cutting tool. In this study, cutting performance of WC, CBN and PCD cutting tools were investigated with respect to surface roughness during machining of 10 wt % SiCp reinforced Al-Si alloy matrix composites produced by powder metallurgy (PM) method. Average surface roughness (Ra) corresponding to each machining condition was measured. After the machining process the worn insert tips were examined under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chip geometry and machined surface photographs have been taken by optical microscopy. The experimental results showed that surface roughness decreased with increasing cutting speed for all of cutting tool materials. The best surface integrity was occurred after the machining with PCD insert at the highest cutting speed employed.

Investigation on Surface Integrity of STAVAX ESR AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel by Cryogenically Treated Steel Balls with Low Plastic Burnishing Tool

2012 ◽  
Vol 504-506 ◽  
pp. 1347-1352
Author(s):  
Sivapraksam Thamizhmanii ◽  
K. Rajendran ◽  
Mohideen Rasool ◽  
Sulaiman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Aisi 420 ◽  
Steel Balls

Low plasticity burnishing (LPB) is a new method of surface improvement, which raises the burnishing to the next level of sophistication. LPB can provide deep compression for improved surface characteristics. The study focuses on the surface roughness, micro-hardness and surface integrity aspects on soft AISI 420 STAVAX ESR martensitic stainless steel AISI 420 material. This material is pronounced as difficult to cut materials like titanium, Inconel 718 etc. The investigation of surface integrity was done on this materials in terms of operating parameters like sliding speed, feed rate and depth of penetration (DOP) identifying the predominant factors among the selected parameters. The steel balls used were cryogenically treated at sub zero temperature of -176 degrees. Sub-surface micro-hardness study were also done to asses the depth of compression altered zone, surface roughness and surface hardness. The process can be applied to critical components effectively as the LPB process has cycle time advantages and also low investment cost. This can be also realized by introducing on high speed machines. This process was studied by using cryogenically treated different ball diameters at various operating parameters. This also improved on concentricity of work material. More the depth of compression produced low surface roughness at low sliding speed, feed rate with larger ball diameter. The DOP also helps to improve on surface and sub-surface hardness and close roundness. There are limitations on DOP beyond which the surface deteriorated.

scholarly journals Wear Performance of Boronized Layer of Iron-based Powder Metallurgy Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin FANG ◽  
Liansen XIA ◽  
Qingping YU ◽  
Guangsheng ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Track ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Iron Based

Iron-based specimens with boronized layers were prepared by boriding at 800 ℃, 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃ for 3, 5, and 7 hours, respectively. The thickness, microstructure, surface roughness, friction, and wear performance were studied. Results showed that the process parameters such as temperature, the time of boriding have remarkable impact on the thickness of the boronized layer. Dual-phase was generated at 1000 ℃ which lead to increased brittleness, lower surface hardness, and decreased adhesion to the substrate. Compared with specimens boronized at 1000 ℃ and 800 ℃, the surface structure of the boronized layer of specimens boronized at 900 ℃ is denser and uniform, the wear track is not damaged. The average friction coefficient and mass loss by wear of specimens boronized at 900 °C are smaller than that of boronized at 1000 ℃ and 800 ℃, indicating that specimens borided at 900 ℃ behave excellent friction and wear performance.

scholarly journals Tribological properties of termally sprayed WC cermet coating under extreme operating conditions

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
DM Nuruzzaman ◽  
Akira Nakajima ◽  
Toshifumi Mawatari
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Slip Ratio ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Cermet Coating

In this study, tribological properties of thermally sprayed WC-Cr-Ni cermet coating were investigated experimentally under lubricated rolling with sliding contact conditions. Hi-HVOF sprayed WC cermet coatings were deposited onto the axially ground, blasted and circumferentially ground roller specimens made of carburized hardened steel. Under extreme operating conditions such as contact pressure PH = 1.4 GPa, slip ratio s = - 28.0% and mating surface roughness Rmax = 6.0 µm, the effects of substrate surface finish on the tribological properties of the cermet coating were examined. It was found that cermet coating showed a long life and durability was not influenced by the substrate surface finish. It was also found that coefficient of friction, oil film formation, surface temperature and oil film thickness were not much influenced by the substrate surface finish. On the other hand, surface hardness, surface roughness and coating material loss were significantly influenced depending on the substrate surface finish. Keywords: Substrate surface finish, Tribological properties, WC-Cr-Ni cermet doi:10.3329/jme.v39i1.1828 Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. ME39, No. 1, June 2008 13-17

Low Plasticity Burnishing: An Innovative Manufacturing Method for Biomedical Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Seemikeri ◽  
P. K. Brahmankar ◽  
S. B. Mahagaonkar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Work Material ◽  
Low Plasticity Burnishing

Biomedical manufacturing technologies are assuming highly visible position at the frontiers of manufacturing. A new field, “engineered surfaces,” is emerging as a more effective and economic route to successful manufacture. Low plasticity burnishing (LPB) is relatively a new method of surface enhancement, which raises the burnishing to the next level of sophistication. LPB can provide deep and stable surface compression for improved surface integrity characteristics. This technology could be applied to diversified biomedical applications, since it has the potential to improve many surface characteristics, such as low- and high-cycle fatigue strengths, surface finish, surface hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, etc. The present study focuses on the surface roughness, microhardness, surface integrity, and fatigue life aspects of AISI 316L work material, which is most commonly used in prosthesis, using full factorial design of experiments. Favorable and optimum conditions could be predicted and tailored for different biomedical requirements and applications. The assessment of the surface integrity aspects on work material was done, in terms of identifying the predominant factors, their order of significance, evaluating the interaction effects of parameters, and setting the levels of the factors for minimizing surface roughness and∕or maximizing surface hardness and fatigue life. Regression models were developed for surface characteristics of importance as response variables. Subsurface microhardness studies were also done to assess the depth of compression, altered material zone, and correlate fatigue life with surface roughness and surface hardness. The process can be applied to critical components used in biomedical field, such as total hip prosthesis, invasive surgeries, or medical implants effectively, as the LPB process today has significant process cycle time advantages, lower capital cost, and adaptability to conventional machine shop environment.

Effect of deep rolling parameters on surface integrity of LZ50 axles

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (25) ◽  
pp. 1950298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Fu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Xiulin Yan ◽  
Guiying Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Influence Factor ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Feed Speed ◽  
Deep Rolling ◽  
Rolling Surface

Deep rolling is a surface treatment method by which a hydraulically controlled ball produces a specific pressure on material surface, causing plastic deformation and introducing compressive residual stresses. In this paper, LZ50 steel which is often used as high speed train axle is treated by deep rolling. Surface morphology was observed, and roughness, microhardness and residual stress were measured. Effects of deep rolling parameters (pressure, feed speed, speed, number of runs) on the surface integrity of LZ50 axles were studied systematically. The results show that the surface roughness decreases obviously after deep rolling compared with the original surface. The feed speed has greater influence than other parameters on surface roughness. The minimum roughness (Ra) can decrease to 0.14 [Formula: see text]m. The surface layer of LZ50 deforms in different degrees. Meanwhile, the surface stress state of LZ50 changes from tensile stress to compressive stress after deep rolling. The maximum residual compressive stress is 862 MPa. The main influence factor is pressure. However, for LZ50 axle, the surface hardness does not change significantly after deep rolling.

Dry friction behavior of barite-containing composites with pair steel

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
F. F. Yusubov
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Dry Friction ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Tribological Tests ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Steel Disc ◽  
Sliding Distance

This article is devoted to the preparation of environmentally friendly composites by powder metallurgy and the study of tribological properties. Tribological tests were carried out in MMW-1 friction machine with vertical block using the «pinon-disk» mechanism in dry conditions. As a counterbody, steel disc was used. To determine changes in the tribological characteristics in the studied samples at different loads, sliding distance and velocity were left unchanged. Ill. 4. Ref. 5. Tab. 3.

scholarly journals Influence of turning tool wear on the surface integrity and anti-fatigue behavior of Ti1023

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 168781402110112
Author(s):  
Li Xun ◽  
Wang Ziming ◽  
Yang Shenliang ◽  
Guo Zhiyuan ◽  
Zhou Yongxin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Deformation Layer

Titanium alloy Ti1023 is a typical difficult-to-cut material. Tool wear is easy to occur in machining Ti1023, which has a significant negative effect on surface integrity. Turning is one of the common methods to machine Ti1023 parts and machined surface integrity has a direct influence on the fatigue life of parts. To control surface integrity and improve anti-fatigue behavior of Ti1023 parts, it has an important significance to study the influence of tool wear on the surface integrity and fatigue life of Ti1023 in turning. Therefore, the effect of tool wear on the surface roughness, microhardness, residual stress, and plastic deformation layer of Ti1023 workpieces by turning and low-cycle fatigue tests were studied. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism of surface integrity on anti-fatigue behavior also was analyzed. The experimental results show that the change of surface roughness caused by worn tools has the most influence on anti-fatigue behavior when the tool wear VB is from 0.05 to 0.25 mm. On the other hand, the plastic deformation layer on the machined surface could properly improve the anti-fatigue behavior of specimens that were proved in the experiments. However, the higher surface roughness and significant surface defects on surface machined utilizing the worn tool with VB = 0.30 mm, which leads the anti-fatigue behavior of specimens to decrease sharply. Therefore, to ensure the anti-fatigue behavior of parts, the value of turning tool wear VB must be rigorously controlled under 0.30 mm during finishing machining of titanium alloy Ti1023.

scholarly journals Influence of Applied Bias Voltage on the Composition, Structure, and Properties of Ti:Si-Codoped a-C:H Films Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Jiang ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Yubao Wang ◽  
Zhang Xia ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Applied Bias ◽  
Applied Bias Voltage ◽  
Methane Mixture ◽  
Composition Structure

The titanium- and silicon-codoped a-C:H films were prepared at different applied bias voltage by magnetron sputtering TiSi target in argon and methane mixture atmosphere. The influence of the applied bias voltage on the composition, surface morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the films was investigated by XPS, AFM, Raman, FTIR spectroscopy, and nanoindenter. The tribological properties of the films were characterized on an UMT-2MT tribometer. The results demonstrated that the film became smoother and denser with increasing the applied bias voltage up to −200 V, whereas surface roughness increased due to the enhancement of ion bombardment as the applied bias voltage further increased. The sp3carbon fraction in the films monotonously decreased with increasing the applied bias voltage. The film exhibited moderate hardness and the superior tribological properties at the applied bias voltage of −100 V. The tribological behaviors are correlated to the H/E or H3/E2ratio of the films.

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