scholarly journals Comparison of Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Specimens Recycled Heavyweight Waste Glass and Steel Slag as Aggregate

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5084
Author(s):  
So Yeong Choi ◽  
Il Sun Kim ◽  
Eun Ik Yang
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Shrinkage Strain ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
Substitution Ratio ◽  
Experimental Values

This study analyzed the fundamental properties of concrete using steel slag, to test its viability as an aggregate material. An experimental investigation into the effect of steel slag as a coarse aggregate, and heavyweight waste glass as a fine aggregate, on the drying shrinkage of concrete was performed. The calculated shrinkage strain was compared to five different shrinkage prediction models, namely, the ACI 209, B3, KCI 2012, EC 2 and GL 2000 model codes, to evaluate their ability to accurately predict shrinkage behavior. From the results, the elastic modulus of concrete increased with the increase in steel slag substitution ratio, however drying shrinkage decreased. The predictive value of the existing prediction model of drying shrinkage differed from the experimental values, and requires correction to improve its accuracy. The B3 model code showed the best prediction results of drying shrinkage.

Drying Shrinkage of Concrete: Experiments and Numerical Models

2017 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Vinkler ◽  
Jan L. Vítek
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Shrinkage Strain ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Wire Strain ◽  
Model Code 2010 ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Pore Relative Humidity

The paper presents some results of experimental program focused on drying and shrinkage of large concrete specimens. Segments of walls with thicknesses 200, 400 and 800 mm and standard cylinders 150x300 mm were used as specimens. Each segment has embedded 4 vibrating wire strain gauges in axis plane for measurements of shrinkage strain and plastic tubes of various lengths for measurements of pore relative humidity in different depths. Relative humidity and temperature of ambient environment were not controlled, however they were recorded very closely. Measure shrinkage strains are compared with prediction based on shrinkage models. The most important predictive models are used for comparison: Model Code 2010, Eurokód 2, Model ACI 209-R92, Model B4 a Model B4s.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF DRYING SHRINKAGE AND DRYING CREEP KINETICS IN CONCRETE

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Lenka Dohnalová ◽  
Petr Havlásek
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Models ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Material Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Model Code ◽  
Model Code 2010 ◽  
Basic Equations ◽  
Drying Creep ◽  
Long Term Behavior

The aim of this paper is to show and compare the time evolution of drying shrinkage and drying creep in concrete from three different perspectives. The first one analyzes the basic equations defined in the most common design codes and prediction models for the description of the long-term behavior of concrete (ACI 209, EC2, Model Code 2010, B3, B4). Next, the evolution of drying creep and shrinkage is examined by processing suitable experimental data available from the database developed at the Northwestern University. Finally, the last point of view investigates the results obtained from the finite element simulations employing the material point approach, in particular, the material model based on the Microprestress-Solidification theory.

scholarly journals Effect of Amorphous Metallic Fibers on Strength and Drying Shrinkage of Mortars with Steel Slag Aggregate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5403
Author(s):  
Ji-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sung-Ho Bae ◽  
Se-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Metallic Fibers

Recently, with increasingly stringent environmental regulations and the depletion of natural aggregate resources, high-quality aggregates have become scarce. Therefore, significant efforts have been devoted by the construction industry to improve the quality of concrete and achieve sustainable development by utilizing industrial by-products and developing alternative aggregates. In this study, we use amorphous metallic fibers (AMFs) to enhance the performance of mortar with steel slag aggregate. Testing revealed that the 28-day compressive strength of the sample with steel slag aggregate and AMFs was in the range of 48.7–50.8 MPa, which was equivalent to or higher than that of the control sample (48.7 MPa). The AMFs had a remarkable effect on improving the tensile strength of the mortar regardless of the use of natural aggregates. With AMFs, the drying shrinkage reduction rate of the sample with 100% steel slag aggregate was relatively higher than that of the sample with 50% natural fine aggregate. Furthermore, the difference in the drying shrinkage with respect to the amount of AMFs was insignificant. The findings can contribute to sustainable development in the construction industry.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviors of Reinforced Concrete Member Replaced Heavyweight Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate under Cyclic Loading

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Yeong Choi ◽  
Yoon Suk Choi ◽  
Il Sun Kim ◽  
Eun Ik Yang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Mineral Admixture ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Substitution Ratio

The development of electronic technology has accelerated in recent decades. Consequently, electronic wastes such as cathoderay tube (CRT) glass are accumulated, and hazardous wastes including heavy metals are generated. Simultaneously, natural resources are required to create concrete; however, they are already exhausted. Furthermore, heavyweight waste glass is considered to be the most suitable substitute for aggregate owing to its physical characteristics and chemical composition. However, structural results regarding the recycling of heavyweight waste glass as fine aggregate in Reinforced Concrete (RC) members are insufficient. Thus, herein, experimental study is conducted to evaluate whether RC members with heavyweight waste glass as fine aggregate can be applied for concrete structures. Flexural behavior tests of reinforced concrete members were performed. Fifteen specimens with different substitution ratios of heavyweight waste glass were prepared. The results showed that when all the fine aggregate is replaced by heavyweight waste glass in RC members, the heavyweight waste glass substitution ratio affected the crack occurrence patterns, and the possibility of a sudden failure of a member increased owing to concrete crushing in the compression zone. Additionally, the load capacity and flexural rigidity were affected by the substitution ratio of heavyweight waste glass; however, the flexural performance is improved when mineral admixture as a binder or a low water-binder ratio were used. Therefore, heavyweight waste glass is considered applicable for use as fine aggregate of concrete.

Characteristics of Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Member Substituted Heavyweight Waste Glass as Fine Aggregate

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
So Yeong Choi ◽  
San Kim ◽  
Eun Ik Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Flexural Behavior ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Concrete Members ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Member ◽  
Substitution Ratio ◽  
Concrete Materials

The progress of civilization has been led to the increase of industrial products, the amount of waste is increasing, and its disposal has become a problem. And, the huge amount of expended concrete has led to the dissipation of natural aggregate. To deal with these problems, many researches have been executed to use a variety of industrial waste as aggregate in concrete materials. So, in this paper, the flexural behavior with substitution ratio of heavyweight waste glass were compared and evaluated in reinforced concrete members. From the results, initial cracking load, yielding load and flexural rigidity less affected by substitution ratio of heavyweight waste glass. However, the ductility of the RC member was significantly affected when all of the fine aggregate is replaced by the heavyweight waste glass.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Coarse Steel Slag Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3708
Author(s):  
Adham Mohammed Alnadish ◽  
Mohamad Yusri Aman ◽  
Herda Yati Binti Katman ◽  
Mohd Rasdan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Toxic Emissions ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Production Temperature

The major goal of sustainable practices is to preserve raw resources through the utilization of waste materials as an alternative to natural resources. Decreasing the temperature required to produce asphalt mixes contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing energy consumption and toxic emissions. In this study, warm mix asphalt incorporating coarse steel slag aggregates was investigated. Warm mix asphalt was produced at different temperatures lower than the control asphalt mixes (hot mix asphalt) by 10, 20, and 30 °C. The performances of the control and warm mix asphalt were assessed through laboratory tests examining stiffness modulus, dynamic creep, and moisture sensitivity. Furthermore, a response surface methodology (RSM) was conducted by means of DESIGN EXPERT 11 to develop prediction models for the performance of warm mix asphalt. The findings of this study illustrate that producing warm mix asphalt at a temperature 10 °C lower than that of hot mix asphalt exhibited the best results, compared to the other mixes. Additionally, the warm mix asphalt produced at 30 °C lower than the hot mix asphalt exhibited comparable performance to the hot mix asphalt. However, as the production temperature increases, the performance of the warm mix asphalt improves.

scholarly journals Long-Term Physical and Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Fly-Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Incorporating Carbide Slag

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6692
Author(s):  
Xianhui Zhao ◽  
Haoyu Wang ◽  
Linlin Jiang ◽  
Lingchao Meng ◽  
Boyu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Industrial Solid Waste ◽  
Carbide Slag

The long-term property development of fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer (FA−GEO) incorporating industrial solid waste carbide slag (CS) for up to 360 d is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the fresh, physical, and mechanical properties and microstructures of FA−GEO composites with CS and to evaluate the effects of CS when the composites were cured for 360 d. FA−GEO composites with CS were manufactured using FA (as an aluminosilicate precursor), CS (as a calcium additive), NaOH solution (as an alkali activator), and standard sand (as a fine aggregate). The fresh property and long-term physical properties were measured, including fluidity, bulk density, porosity, and drying shrinkage. The flexural and compressive strengths at 60 d and 360 d were tested. Furthermore, the microstructures and gel products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the additional 20.0% CS reduces the fluidity and increases the conductivity of FA−GEO composites. Bulk densities were decreased, porosities were increased, and drying shrinkages were decreased as the CS content was increased from 0.0% to 20.0% at 360 d. Room temperature is a better curing condition to obtain a higher long-term mechanical strength. The addition of 20.0% CS is more beneficial to the improvement of long-term flexural strength and toughness at room temperature. The gel products in CS−FA−GEO with 20.0% CS are mainly determined as the mixtures of sodium aluminosilicate (N−A−S−H) gel and calcium silicate hydration (C−S−H) gel, besides the surficial pan-alkali. The research results provide an experimental basis for the reuse of CS in various scenarios.

Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Affected by Content of Stone Powder in Proto-Machine-Made Sand

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 1176-1179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Lan Li ◽  
Qian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Shrinkage Strain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Similar Test ◽  
Mix Proportion ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete ◽  
Main Factor

To improve the application of the new proto-machine-made sand in structural engineering, tests are carried out to study the drying shrinkage of concrete affected by stone powder in proto- machine-made sand. The target cubic compressive strength of concrete is 55 MPa, the main factor varied in mix proportion of concrete is the contents of stone powder by mass of proto-machine-made sand from 3 % to 16 %. The drying shrinkage strains of concrete are measured by the standard method at the ages of 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 60 d, 90 d, 120 d, 150 d and 180 d. Based on test results, the drying shrinkage of concrete affected by the contents of stone powder in proto-machine-made sand is analyzed and compared with that of similar test of concrete with traditional machine-made sand, which shows that there is the optimum content of stone powder resulting in the lower drying shrinkage of concrete. The formula for predicting drying shrinkage strain of concrete is proposed.

Effect of Aggregate on Drying Shrinkage of Concrete

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Mu ◽  
Wen Ling Tian ◽  
Yong Gang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Moisture Diffusion ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
New Model ◽  
Model Code

A modified version of an existing drying shrinkage model developed by the authors is proposed which incorporates the influence of the aggregate on the process of shrinking. Whereas it is traditionally thought that the aggregate restrains the deformation of the cement paste and hence the shrinkage of the concrete, in this paper, the effect of aggregate on shrinkage is better represented by considering the effect of the aggregate on moisture diffusion. It is suggested that the presence of the aggregate modifies the diffusion of moisture which governs the moisture loss and hence the drying of concrete. Also, as the volume fraction of the aggregate in a normal concrete is about 75% or more, the shrinkage of the cement paste is ‘diluted’ by the aggregate in the concrete. Taking into account these effects, this new diffusion based shrinkage model has been proposed. To assess the accuracy of the new model the shrinkage of two concrete mixes is predicted and compared with the measured shrinkage of these mixes. Comparisons are also drawn with the shrinkage predicted using the Model Code 1990 (MC90). It was observed that the new model proposed here predicts the shrinkage of the concrete mixes more accurately than the MC90 model, particularly at early ages.

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