scholarly journals Chemical, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of 95-Year-Old Concrete Built-In Arch Bridge

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ambroziak ◽  
Elżbieta Haustein ◽  
Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Arch Bridge

This research aimed to determine the durability and strength of an old concrete built-in arch bridge based on selected mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of the concrete. The bridge was erected in 1925 and is located in Jagodnik (northern Poland). Cylindrical specimens were taken from the side ribs connected to the top plate using a concrete core borehole diamond drill machine. The properties of the old concrete were compared with the present and previous standard requirements and guidelines. The laboratory testing program consisted of the following set of tests: measurements of the depth of carbonated zone and dry density, water absorption tests, determination of concrete compressive strength and frost resistance, determination of modulus of elasticity, measurement of the pH value, determination of water-soluble chloride salt and sulfate ion content, and X-ray diffraction analyses. Large variations in the cylindrical compressive strength (14.9 to 22.0 MPa), modulus of elasticity (17,900 to 26,483 MPa), density (2064 to 2231 kg/m3), and water absorption (3.88 to 6.58%) were observed. In addition to the experiments, a brief literature survey relating to old concrete properties was also conducted. This paper can provide scientists, engineers, and designers an experimental basis in the field of old concrete built-in bridge construction.

Comprehensive Characterization of Agricultural By-Products for Bio-Aggregate Based Concrete

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herinjaka Haga Ratsimbazafy ◽  
Aurélie Laborel-Préneron ◽  
Camille Magniont ◽  
Philippe Evon
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
West Part ◽  
Hemp Shiv ◽  
By Products

The valorization of available agricultural by-products is important for the development of bio-aggregate based concretes as eco-friendly solutions for building materials. However, their diversity requires to assess their potential of use in vegetal concretes. This study aims to propose simple and relevant multi-physical characterization methods for plant aggregates. Basic and complementary characterizations were carried out on hemp shiv as a reference plant aggregate, and nine by-products available in the South-West part of France, i.e., oleaginous flax shiv, sunflower pith and bark, coriander straw, wheat straw, wheat chaff, corn shuck, miscanthus stem and vine shoot. The basic characterizations performed were those recommended by the TC-RILEM 236 BBM, i.e., particle size distribution, bulk density, water absorption and thermal conductivity. Complementary characterizations have also been proposed, taking into account the possible environment of the binder and the vegetal concrete manufacturing method. The additional tests developed or adapted from previous research assess the following properties: the content of water-soluble compounds at pH 7 and 12, the dry density of plant aggregates compacted in wet state, the real water absorption after compaction and the compression behavior of these compacted aggregates. This complete characterization highlights the distinct behavior of the different agroresources and allows to correlate these characteristics to the use properties of hardened composites.

scholarly journals Influence of the surface treatment of tire rubber residues added in mortars

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Marques ◽  
J. L. Akasaki ◽  
A. P. M. Trigo ◽  
M. L. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Flow Test ◽  
Made In

In this work it was evaluated the influence tire rubber addition in mortars in order to replace part of the sand (12% by volume). It was also intended to verify if the tire rubber treatment with NaOH saturated aqueous solution causes interference on the mechanical properties of the mixture. Compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, modulus of elasticity, and flow test were made in specimens of 5cmx10cm and the tests were carried out to 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 days. The results show reduction on mechanical properties values after addition of tire rubber and decrease of the workability. It was also observed that the tire rubber treatment does not cause any alteration on the results compared to the rubber without treatment.

scholarly journals Partial Replacement of Cement with Waste Paper Sludge Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1975-1983
Author(s):  
Shahid Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Paper Sludge Ash ◽  
Sludge Ash

Abstract: Cement production is one of the sources that emit carbon dioxide, in addition to deforestation and combustion of fossil fuels also leads to ill effects on environment. The global cement industry accounts for 7% of earth’s greenhouse gas emission. To enhance the environmental effects associated with cement manufacturing and to constantly deplore natural resources, we need to develop other binders to make the concrete industry sustainable. This work offers the option to use waste paper sludge ash as a partial replacement of cement for new concrete. In this study cement in partially replaced as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by waste paper sludge ash in concrete for M25 mix and tested for compressive strength, tensile strength, water absorption and dry density up to the age of 28days and compared it with conventional concrete, based on the results obtained, it is found that waste paper ash may be used as a cement replacement up to 5% by weight and the particle size is less the 90µm to prevent reduction in workability. Keywords: slump test, Compressive strength, split tensile strength, water absorption test, Waste Paper Sludge Ash Concrete, Workability.

Possibility of using recycled waste medical-glass as fine aggregate in normal-strength concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Huynh Thi My Dung ◽  
Huynh Van Hiep ◽  
Huynh Trong Phuoc
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Normal Strength Concrete ◽  
Strength Concrete ◽  
Normal Strength ◽  
Recycled Waste ◽  
Medical Glass

The possibility of using recycled waste medical-glass aggregate (RGA) as a fine aggregate in the production of normal-strength concrete was investigated in this study. The influence of RGA as crushed sand (CS) replacement at different levels (by volume) of 0 – 100% (an interval of 20%) on the engineering properties and durability of concrete was also studied. Results show that the replacement of CS by RGA insignificantly affected the workability and unit weight of fresh concrete mixtures. Besides, using RGA to replace 20 – 60% CS was beneficial in terms of compressive strength, drying shrinkage, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). At these replacement levels, the dry density values were found to increase and the water absorption values were reduced as well. However, replacing CS with RGA up to 80% and 100% caused a reduction in compressive strength, dry density, and UPV and an increase in water absorption and drying shrinkage of concretes. Closed correlations among the above-mentioned concrete properties were also found in this study. All of the concrete samples obtained compressive strength values higher than the target strength (≥ 25 MPa) and they were classified as very good quality concretes with UPV values of above 4100 m/s. The experimental results demonstrate a high possibility of producing normal-strength concrete with a fine aggregate of RGA as either partially or fully replacement of CS. This also provides an environmentally-friendly solution for recycling waste medical glass in construction materials for sustainable development.

Effects of Activator on the Properties of Brick Powder Foam Concrete

2015 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Yuan Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Apparent Density ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Brick Powder ◽  
Main Chemical Composition

The main chemical composition of waste brick is silicon dioxide,by means of chemical can stimulate its activity.In this experiment, gypsum, lime sodium hydroxide as activators,through the testing and research about the properties of compressive strength, dry density, water absorption of brick powder foam concrete,analyse the influence of three activators on the properties of foam concrete.The test results show that the:Mixing about 25% lime can guarantee the dry apparent density on the basis of compressive strength increases;Mixing 20% gypsum can make the strength and dry apparent density relatively stable;The incorporation of NaOH make the foam concrete appear quick setting,so it should not be used alone as activator.

Research on the Foamed Concrete with High Volume Fly Ash

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 1062-1066
Author(s):  
Hui Chao Chu ◽  
Xian Jun Lyu ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
High Volume Fly Ash ◽  
Foamed Concrete

A study has been undertaken to investigate the effects, on the properties of foamed concrete, of replacing large volumes of cement with fly ash. This paper reports the results of the properties of foamed concrete and shows that up to 55% of the cement could be replaced without any significant reduction in compressive strength. Foamed concrete with 55% fly ash and good performance were obtained by optimizing the process parameters. The results showed that the compressive strength, dry density, water absorption and thermal conductivity of foamed concrete with 55% fly ash were 0.71MPa, 244kg/m3, 33%, and 0.045 W/mK respectively.

scholarly journals Some Engineering Properties of Foamed Concrete for Sustainable Technological Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Felix A. Oginni ◽  
Samuel N. John
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Foamed Concrete

A study of the technology of foamed concrete production is carried out. The engineering properties and applications of this type of concrete are presented for varying densities so as to effectively tap the advantages of its use for specific purposes. The properties considered are the 7-day compressive strength, thermal conductivity, modulus of elasticity and drying shrinkage. A study of the behaviours of foamed concrete at varying dry densities for the different characteristics was undertaken. Results indicate that as the dry density increases, the engineering properties increase though at different rates for the 7-day Compressive strength, Thermal conductivity, and Modulus of elasticity. The drying shrinkage decreases as the dry density increases. A comparative study of the 7-day Compressive strength and Modulus of elasticity show that they both follow the same trend over the varying dry density except at a dry density of 1200 kg/m3. A comparative study of the thermal conductivity and the percent drying shrinkage indicate that the thermal conductivity is inversely proportional to the percent drying shrinkage. Economics and other considerations together with its multipurpose applications of foamed concrete can open up business opportunities in Africa and sustainability. This can also help in providing needed funds for infrastructural development.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Alnus Formosana Wood Introduced into Sichuan

2014 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 411-415
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Jian Hua Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

The mechanical and physical properties of Alnus formosana wood from Sichuan, China were studied. Air-dry density, oven-dry density, basic density, shrinkage, swelling, parallel-to-grain compressive strength, parallel-to-grain tensile strength, modulus of rupture (MOR),modulus of elasticity (MOE) ,impact toughness were analyzed. Results from this study show that air-dry density, oven-dry density and basic density were respectively 0.52, 0.49 and 0.43g/cm3. The average value of volumetric shrinkage was 7.111% and the average value of volumetric swelling was 7.06%. The average values of modulus of elasticity (MOE) ,modulus of rupture (MOR), parallel-to-grain compressive strength, parallel-to-grain tensile strength and impact toughness were 8102.429 Mpa, 80.429 Mpa, 41.575Mpa, 81.542 Mpa and 47.406 Kj/m2 , respectively. This study solved a basic problem about the planting and utilization of Alnus formosana wood in Sichuan, China.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Volcanic Tuff from the Western Part of Yemen

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Adnan A. Barahim ◽  
Ibrahim A. Al-Akhaly ◽  
Is'haq R. Shamsan
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Uniaxial Compressive Strength ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Dimension Stone ◽  
Volcanic Tuff

This paper deals with a study of the physical and mechanical characteristics of volcanic tuff and ignimbrite from six quarries located at different areas in the western part of Yemen (Manakha, Jahran, Bakhran, Dar Al-Hanash, Abaser and Soraifa). In the region, volcanic tuffs and ignimbrite are locally known by their location names and have been used as solid masonry and cladding stones. All the investigated pyroclastic rocks belong to the Tertiary volcanic. The standard physical and mechanical tests (void ratio, porosity, density, specific gravity, water absorption, uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength) were carried out on the tuff and ignimbrite samples collected from different parts of the region. Laboratory tests revealed that the void ratio average values range between 0.12 and 0.37, the porosity ranges between 10.57 and 27.12%, the dry density ranges between 1.66 and 2.25 gm/cm3, specific gravity ranges from 1.45 to 1.94, and water absorption ranges from 4.69 to 16.39%. The measured uniaxial compressive strength values range from 24 to 68 MPa, and the tensile strength values range between 4 and 10 MPa. These tuffs and ignimbrites generally are light green, gray, beige, or yellowish in color. With these colors they are favoured for building, coating and decorative stone. This paper concludes that the studied stones have acceptable to good properties as dimension stone. Jahrani and Manakhi tuffs are the best quality, whereas Hanashi ignimbrite is of poorer quality.

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