scholarly journals Effects of Self-Lubricant Coating and Motion on Reduction of Friction and Wear of Mild Steel and Data Analysis from Machine Learning Approach

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5732
Author(s):  
Nayem Hossain ◽  
Mohammad Asaduzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
Abdullah Al Masum ◽  
Md. Sakibul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Shahin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Coating Characteristics ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Lubrication Characteristics

The applications of coated mild steels are gaining significant attention in versatile industrial areas because of their better mechanical properties, anticorrosive behavior, and reproducibility. The life period of this steel reduces significantly under relative motion in the presence of friction, which is associated with the loss of billion-dollar every year in industry. Productivity is hampered, and economic growth is declined. Several pieces of research have been conducted throughout the industries to seeking the processes of frictional reduction. This study is attributed to the tribological behavior of electroplated mild steel under various operating parameters. The efficiency of commercial lubricant and self-lubrication characteristics of coated layer plays a significant role in the reduction of friction. The reciprocating and simultaneous motion in relation to pin as well as disc are considered during experimentation. The lubricating effects in conjunction with motions are responsible for compensating the friction and wear at the desired level. During frictional tests, the sliding velocity and loads are changed differently. The changes in roughness after frictional tests are observed. The coated and rubbing surfaces are characterized using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis. The coating characteristics are analyzed by EDS (Energy Disperse Spectroscopy), FTIR (Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffraction analysis) methods. The lubrication, reciprocating motion, and low velocity result in low friction and wear. The larger the imposed loads, the smaller the frictional force, and the larger the wear rate. The machine learning (ML) concept is incorporated in this study to identify the patterns of datasets spontaneously and generate a prediction model for forecasting the data, which are out of the experimental range. It can be desired that the outcomes of this research will contribute to the improvement in versatile engineering fields, such as automotive, robotics, and complex motion-based mechanisms where multidimensional motion cannot be ignored.

scholarly journals Benzylidene as Efficient Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Acidic Solution

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Shaimaa B. Al-Bghdadi ◽  
Mahdi M. Hanoon ◽  
Jafer F. Odah ◽  
Lina M. Shaker ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Amiery
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Mild Steel Corrosion ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Steel Coupon

A New benzylidene derivative namely benzylidene-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine (BPTA), was successfully synthesized and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and elemental analysis (CHN) techniques. The inhibition efficiency of BPTA on mild steel corrosion in 1.0 N HCl was tested at various temperatures. The methodological work was achieved by gravimetric method complemented with morphological investigation. The concentrations of inhibitor were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mM at the temperatures 303, 313, 323 and 333 K. The BPTA, molecules as become superior corrosion inhibitor with 92% inhibition efficiency of mild steel coupon in the acidic environment. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing concentrations of BPTA and the excellent efficiency was performed with the 0.5 mM concentration and followed with 0.4 mM. In acidic environment, the 0.5 and 0.4 mM gave the optimum performance with weight loss technique and scanning electron microscopy analysis. On the other hand, the inhibition efficiency decreased with the increase of temperature. Results of BPTA indicated mixed type inhibitor and the adsorption on the mild steels surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. It was found that the BPTA performance depend on the concentration and the solution temperature. Quantum chemical calculations have been done to correlate the electronic characteristics of BPTA with the corrosive inhibitive impact. Experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement.

A new insight into corrosion inhibition process of mild steel in sulfuric acid medium: a combined experimental and theoretical study

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 835-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Boutouil ◽  
My Rachid Laamari ◽  
Ilham Elazhary ◽  
Hafid Anane ◽  
Abdeslem Ben Tama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Medium ◽  
Ir Studies ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Structural Parts

Purpose This study aims to investigate the inhibition effect of a newly synthesized1,2,3-triazole containing a carbohydrate and imidazole substituents, namely, 1-((1-((2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-5H-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4′,5′-d]pyran-5-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (TTB) on the corrosion of mild steel in aerated 1 M H2SO4. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, FT-IR studies, scanning electron microscopy analysis and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques. Findings It is found that, in the working range of 298-328 K, the inhibition efficiency of TTB increases with increasing concentration to attain the highest value (92 per cent) at 2.5 × 10−3 M. Both chemisorption and physisorption of TTB take place on the mild steel, resulting in the formation of an inhibiting film. Computational methods point to the imidazole and phenyl ring as the main structural parts responsible of adsorption by electron-donating to the steel surface, while the triazol ring is responsible for the electron accepting. Such strong donating–accepting interactions lead to higher inhibition efficiency of TTB in the aqueous working system. Originality/value This work is original with the aim of finding new acid corrosion inhibitors.

Preparation of Fibrous CaO Sorbent by Hydrothermal Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 86-88
Author(s):  
Shi Mei Yang ◽  
Shao Yun Shan ◽  
Qing Ming Jia ◽  
Ting Wei Hu ◽  
Li Hong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Hydrothermal Temperature ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

Using urea and calcium chloride as precipitator and calcium source, fibrous CaCO3 precursors were prepared using hydrothermal method, then fibrous CaO sorbent was obtained by calcination. The influence of hydrothermal temperature on CO2 absorption properties was discussed. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that pure CaCO3 phase with aragonite and calcite crystal forms was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the resultant CaO sorbent presented a fibrous microstructure, which inherited the morphologies of CaCO3. The absorption capacity of the resultant CaO sorbent reached 59.86%, being 76% of theoretical absorption capacity. In addition, compared with the CaO sorbent from analytical pure CaCO3, the obtained fibrous CaO-sorbent have the better cyclic absorption properties.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of tartrazine dye using CuO straw-sheaf-like nanostructures

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1421-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Purnachander Rao ◽  
Jerry J. Wu ◽  
Abdullah M. Asiri ◽  
Sambandam Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

Straw-sheaf-like CuO nanostructures were fruitfully synthesized using a chemical precipitation approach for the photocatalytic degradation assessment of tartrazine. Phase identification, composition, and morphological outlook of prepared CuO nanostructures were established by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized CuO nanostructures was appraised in the presence of visible light and the possible intermediates formed during the photocatalytic degradation were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A suitable degradation pathway has also been proposed.

Catalytic Olefin Hydroalkoxylation by Nano Particles of Pollucite

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Zamanian ◽  
Ali Nemati Kharat
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Catalyst ◽  
Aromatic Alcohols ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Surface ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Temperature Programmed

The catalytic hydroalkoxylation of α,β-unsaturated esters, nitriles, and ethers with aliphatic and aromatic alcohols over pollucite using thermal and microwave-assisted methods was investigated. To study the effect of the alcohol structures on the mechanism of the hydroalkoxylation reaction, different alcohols, such as methanol to butanol, cyclohexanol, phenol, and 2-ethylhexanol were used. The activities of pollucite, in contrast to other basic solids, were scarcely affected by the presence of air and moisture. The correlation between alcohol acidity and reaction activity is discussed. The prepared pollucite was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, volumetric nitrogen adsorption surface area analysis, and CO2 temperature‐programmed desorption. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the size of the modified nano catalyst particles was under 40 nm.

scholarly journals Simple Fabrication of BiVO4 Thin Films Synthesized by Modified SILAR Method: Effect of Film Thickness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
chaewon Seong ◽  
Pratik Mane ◽  
Hyojung Bae ◽  
seungwon Lee ◽  
Soon Hyung Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Bandgap Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Silar Method ◽  
Layer Adsorption ◽  
Oxide Substrates ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

Abstract In this study, BiVO4 photoanodes were synthesized using a simple and inexpensive modified successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. In particular, the effect of the number of SILAR cycles on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of BiVO4 was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the porous surface morphology of the BiVO4 thin layers with irregularly shaped particles formed on the surface of fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates. The crystal structure of BiVO4 was confirmed using X-ray diffraction analysis. The ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry results indicated that the bandgap energy of the deposited film was approximately 2.4 eV. In addition, the PEC properties of the BiVO4 photoanodes using potentiostat were analyzed. The linear sweep voltammetry curves revealed that the photocurrent density of the BiVO4 samples increased with the increasing number of m-SILAR cycles, and a maximum photocurrent density of approximately 0.83 mA/cm2 was achieved for the BVO-35. These results suggest that an efficient photoelectrode for compact PEC cells can serve as a basis for development.

scholarly journals Power Generation: Feedstock for High-Value Sulfate Minerals

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Lucian C. Staicu ◽  
Tomasz Bajda ◽  
Lukasz Drewniak ◽  
Laurent Charlet
Keyword(s):  
Metal Removal ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
One Step ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

Coal-fired power facilities generate a polymetallic effluent (Flue Gas Desulfurization—FGD) rich in sulfate. FGD effluents may be considered an important secondary resource. This paper investigates the recovery of sulfate as barite (BaSO4), a mineral with high commercial value and a critical raw material. Using equimolar BaCl2, >99% desulfurization of an FGD effluent produced by a coal-fired power plant operating in central Poland was achieved, yielding up to 16.5 kg high purity barite m−3. The recovered barite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA), scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), surface properties (PZC), density, and chemical stability (TCLP), and was compared with a commercial reference material. Barite recovery also led to the reduction in concentration of Al (86%), Cu (52%), K (69%), Mo (62%), Se (40%), Sr (91%), and U (75%) initially present in the FGD effluent. TCLP results indicate the entrapment and the stabilization of ~70% Se and ~90% Al in the barite structure. Based on this dataset, an in-depth characterization of the recovered barite is presented, and the removal mechanism of the elements is discussed. The study also provides a preliminary cost benefit analysis of the process. To our best knowledge, this is the first work showing barite recovery and metal removal from FGD effluents using a one-step process.

Preparation of Al2O3/MgO Nano-Composite Particles for Bio-Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4A) ◽  
pp. 586-593
Author(s):  
Hayder A. Sallal ◽  
Alla A. Abdul-Hameed ◽  
Farhad. M. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis

This study describes the preparation and study of the properties of Nano composite particles prepared in a sol-gel method which consists of two materials (Αl2Ο3-MgΟ). The powder was evaluated by x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), particle size analysis, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and antibacterial test. The evaluation results of the nanocomposite particles shows a good distribution of the chemical composition between aluminum oxide and magnesium oxide, smoothness in particles  size where it reached to (54.9, 59.8) nm at calcination in (550 0C and 850 0C) respectively, formation of different shapes of nanoparticles and different  phases of the Αl2Ο3 particles (kappa and gamma) and nanopowder have well antibacterial action, Therefore, this reflects the efficiency of the proposed method to manufacture the nanocomposite powder and the possibility of using this powder as a strengthening material for the composite materials and using these composite materials in bio applications, especially in the fabrication of artificial limbs.

scholarly journals The occurrence of biomineralization products in four lichen species growing on sandstone in western Norway

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørg Bjelland ◽  
Linda Sæbø ◽  
Ingunn H. Thorseth
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Western Norway ◽  
Lichen Substances ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Layer Chromatography

AbstractHigh performance thin-layer chromatography/thin-layer chromatography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analysis of thallus and lichen-rock interface samples, were undertaken to characterize biomineralization products in Fuscidea cyathoides, Ochrolechia tartarea, Ophioparma ventosa, and Pertusaria coralline, growing on sandstone in western Norway. Whewellite (monohydrate form of Ca oxalate) was found in the thallus of all species, but not in any of the weathering rinds beneath the species. A significantly higher amount of whewellite was detected in the thalli of F. cyathoides and O. ventosa than in the other two species. There were only a few differences in whewellite occurrence between the thallus edge and centre samples in the four species. HPTLC/TLC and SEM analysis indicate that lichen compounds occur within the rock beneath some of the lichen specimens. Only divaricatic acid was observed within the weathering rind beneath O. ventosa. No lichen substances were found in the weathering rind beneath F. cyathoides and P. corallina, whereas gyrophoric and lecanoric acids were found in the weathering rind beneath O. tartarea.

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