scholarly journals Preparation of Cement Clinker from Geopolymer-Based Wastes

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6534
Author(s):  
Rabii Hattaf ◽  
Mohamed Benchikhi ◽  
Abdessamad Azzouzi ◽  
Rachida El Ouatib ◽  
Moussa Gomina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Cement Clinkers ◽  
Geopolymer Binder

In order to avoid potential environmental pollution from geopolymer-based material wastes, this work investigated the feasibility of using these materials as alternative raw materials in the preparation of cement clinker. The geopolymer binders and mortars were used as substitutes for natural mineral clays since they are rich in silica and alumina. Simulated geopolymer wastes were prepared by the activation of metakaolin or fly ash by an alkaline silicate solution. The cement-clinkers fired at 1450 °C for 1h were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS, and a free lime (CaOf) content test. The anhydrous clinker mineral phases C3S (Ca3SiO5), C2S (Ca2SiO4), C3A (Ca3Al2O6), and C4AF (Ca4Al2Fe2O10) were well-crystallized in all investigated formulations. The free lime was lower than 1.3 wt% in all elaborated clinkers, which indicates a high degree of clinkerization. The results demonstrate that geopolymer binder and mortar materials are suitable substitutes for natural mineral clay incement clinker preparation.

Utilization of Blast Furnace Slag, Steel Slag in the Production of Clinker

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 334-338
Author(s):  
Shou Wan Qin ◽  
Jian Jun Shen ◽  
Hui Fen Wang ◽  
Zhao Ran Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Furnace Slag

The study on the use of blast furnace slag, steel slag and fly ash as raw materials to produce cement clinker has been carried out in the present investigation. The burnability of raw meal was determined by the linear shrinkage and free lime content of clinkers sintered at different temperatures. The microstructrue and properties of raw meal and clinker were investigated by the means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and petrographic analysis. The physical and mechanical performance of cement was tested according to the standards. The results showed that the burnability was good as the free lime content was lower than 0.5w% in the clinker sintered at 1350. It is believed that the nucleation of alite only needs to grow bigger and rearrange with the rising temperature. The micrograph of clinker sintered at 1450 showed that there were some garlands of belite crystals around alite crystals because of high temperature or the local reducing atmosphere caused by the compact raw meal. High-quality cement clinker with compressive strength of 60.4MPa was produced by utilizing limestone, blast furnace slag, steel slag and fly ash as raw materials after curing 28 days.

Preparation and Mechanical Performance of Sulpoaluminate Cement by Using Industrial Solid Wastes

2017 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
pp. 510-514
Author(s):  
Shi Zhen Zhao ◽  
Feng Lan Han ◽  
Gui Qun Liu ◽  
Mao Hui Li ◽  
Yu Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Chemical Characteristic ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Hydration Mechanism ◽  
Water To Cement Ratio ◽  
Physical And Chemical

By using Mn slag, Mg slag and Fly ash which comes from industrial process in Ningxia province as raw materials, the sulpoaluminate cement was prepared via sintering raw materials in a furnace. The physical and chemical characteristic of sulpoaluminate cement clinker was tested. The optimal proportion of clinkers is also determined by the results of phase composition, microstructure and hydration mechanism. The results shows that when the mixed ratio of Mn slag, Mg slag and Fly ash is 21%, 21% and 0% respectively in the raw materials and the calcination temperature is 1300 °C for 30 min, sulphoaluminate cement clinker with maximum amount of C4A3S, C2S and C4AF was prepared. Then, natural gypsum was added into the clinker powder with a ratio of 15% to make cement materials. When water to cement ratio is 0.5 and cement to sand ratio is 1:3, the cement mortar obtain a compressive strength of 22.22 MPa at 3d, 31.2 MPa at 7 d, and the flexural strength of 3.86MPa at 3d, and 4.83 MPa at 7d respectively.

scholarly journals Features of use of unlawful kaolin for the manufacture of a cement clinker

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Tsybenko ◽  
L.P. Chernyak ◽  
V.G. Salnik ◽  
N.O. Dorogan
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Clay Component ◽  
The Given ◽  
Scientific Ideas

Results over of research of the silicate systems of carbonate raw material with the varieties of clay component for making of cement clinker. The features of the chemical-mineralogical composition, phase transformations during burning and astringent properties of clinker are shown when unenriched kaolin and fly ash are used as alumina-silica-containing components of the initial raw material mixture. In the chemical technology of hydraulic mineral astringents, clay raw material serves, first of all, as a source of SiO , Al O , Fe O oxides, which must form from CaO during the baking of crystalline phases of silicates, aluminates and calcium aluminferrite, with the development of which impart the properties of the product of production. In turn, the above oxides arise in the process of technology during the heat treatment of raw mixtures due to the destruction of the lattice of rock-forming minerals. Hence the obvious dependence of the number and reactivity of oxides on the chemical and mineralogical composition of clay raw material, which, according to essential differences, is classified into a number of groups. Deepening of scientific ideas about this dependence can become an additional factor for im- proving the intensification of the technology of silicate binders, which became the subject of research in the given work. The chemical and mineralogical composition of the clay component of raw materials for the production of clinker and cement based on it is an important factor in the structure of the binder material at the stages of the technological process and the determination of the properties of the final product. Taking into account the peculiarities of the composition of unbleached kaolin (high content of kaolinite, quartz, feldspar), the feasibility of its application in the production of cement for clinker production is related to the possibility of adjusting the kinetics and the direction of phase transformations during the burning of the material. From the point of view of resource conservation and technology, the complex application of aluminum and silicon-containing raw materials components of natural (unaffected kaolin) and man-made (fly ash) origin is shown. Deepening of scientific ideas about this dependence can become an additional factor for improving the intensification of the technology of silicate binders, which became the subject of research in the given work.

scholarly journals Microscale Investigation of Arsenic Distribution and Species in Cement Product from Cement Kiln Coprocessing Wastes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufei Yang ◽  
Jingchuan Xue ◽  
Qifei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cement Paste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Arsenic Distribution ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
X Ray Absorption

To improve the understanding of the immobilization mechanism and the leaching risk of Arsenic (As) in the cement product from coprocessing wastes using cement kiln, distribution and species of As in cement product were determined by microscale investigation methods, including electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In this study, sodium arsenate crystals (Na3AsO412H2O) were mixed with cement production raw materials and calcined to produce cement clinker. Then, clinker was mixed water to prepare cement paste. EPMA results showed that As was generally distributed throughout the cement paste. As content in calcium silicate hydrates gel (C-S-H) was in low level, but higher than that in other cement mineral phases. This means that most of As is expected to form some compounds that disperse on the surfaces of cement mineral phases. Linear combination fitting (LCF) of the X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra revealed that As in the cement paste was predominantly As(V) and mainly existed as Mg3(AsO4)2, Ca3(AsO4)2, and Na2HAsO4.

Thermal Transformations of the Technogenic Component of the Cement Raw Material Mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
O.A. Miryuk
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Thermal Transformations ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Clinkers

There are presented the results of physicochemical studies of the composition and thermal transformations og large-tonnage wastes of beneficiation of scarnified-magnetite ores from Kazakhstan. To determine the composition of materials and thermal transformations, the following methods were used: X-ray phase analysis, differential-thermal analysis, Mцssbauer and infrared spectroscopy. There was revealed the stepwise nature of the transformation of anthropogenic material during roasting, due to polymineral composition of ore beneficiation. It has been established that the chemical-mineral characteristics of natural silicates determine the formation processes and properties of clinker phases. An integrated approach to the study of technogenic raw materials allowed not only to substantiate the possibility and expedience of using scarnified-magnetite ore beneficiation wastes in cement production, but also to determine the preference for the phase composition of cement clinker. Research result from the basis for the development of low-energy cement clinkers with a high content of belite phase.

Hydrates and Paste Structure of Slag-Fly Ash Based Cementitious Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 450-451 ◽  
pp. 557-562
Author(s):  
Cheng Hong Fu ◽  
Wen Ni ◽  
Hui Wu ◽  
De Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Hydration Products ◽  
Chemical Action ◽  
Oxygen Tetrahedron

Cascade grinding mode is often applied to prepare Slag-Fly Ash Based cementitious materials with high volume of fly ash and slag and less cement clinker. This process has low water requirement and well fluidity, which is suitable to prepare HPC．When the W/C is 0.36, the 28d compressive strength is 58.93 Mpa, 28d flexural strength is 14.26 Mpa. By X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis the results show that main materials in grinded sample are well activated by mechanical force and chemical action; more Aft are produced and observed in 3 days hydration products and the great amount of C-S-H gel has continuously generated with the growth of hydration time. By Infrared(IR) analysis, the results show that in the hydration products, the network of Silicon Oxygen Tetrahedron and Aluminum Oxygen Tetrahedra have depolymerized significantly; in the hydration process and various raw materials mutually promoted each other to accelerate the hydration reaction. The hydrates and paste structure of slag-fly ash based cementitious materials were explained．

scholarly journals Investigation on alkali activated fly ash and slag concrete using neutral grade water glass as activator

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01195
Author(s):  
G.V.V. Satyanarayana ◽  
Kaparaboina Greeshma
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sodium Silicate Solution ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Lime Stone ◽  
Alkali Activated

The utilization of cement in concrete was an ancient method as well the utilization of cementitious materials in concrete not only improves mechanical properties but also improves workability and durability etc., Today urbanization expands in many folds, so that the usage of cement became more due to this the production of cement increases. The production of cement on one hand affects the environment in form of Carbon dioxide gases on other hand depreciation of raw materials like lime stone and sand etc. Globally many construction industry and researches focussed in reduction of cement content in concrete by production of new alternatives like Geo polymer concrete etc. In this investigation Alkali-Activated Fly Ash slag concrete (AAFSC) is introduced as an alternative for ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC). Researchers developed AAFSC with NaOH and Na2SiO3 as activators. In this study AAFSC produced is with neutral grade sodium silicate solution with silica modulus 2.9 (Ms).For production of AAFSC the quantity of binder content is 500kg/m3 by varying binders proportions like Fly Ash and GGBS along with solution/binder ratios varying from 0.6 to 0.7. During this experimental investigation the workability and compressive strength of AAFSC is tested.

scholarly journals PORTLAND CEMENT WITH NATURAL MINERAL ADDITIVES

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Mestnikov ◽  
A. I. Kudyakov ◽  
V. N. Rozhin
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
The North ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Mineral Additives

One of the most effective developments of energy saving in the production of Portland cement used worldwide, is joint grinding of Portland cement clinker with injected mineral additives, such as pozzolanic rocks, ashes and slags.The aim of this work is to substantiate the possibility of the quality cement production using joint grinding of Portland cement clinker with natural mineral additives with a view to the of production location.River (quartz-feldspar) sands of the Lena basin and large-tonnage raw materials (zeolitecontaining rocks of the Khonguruu deposit) are considered as mineral additives to Portland cement. The study uses both standard test methods and the X-ray phase analysis for binders and concretes.The activity of the mineral additives to Portland cement is studied. The main properties of clinker, gypsum stone and mineral additives are studied to organize the production of quality Portland cement and products for the support of construction projects in the North-Eastern part of the Arctic and the North of Russia. The effect from additives and fineness of zeolitecontaining clinker and quartz-feldspar sand is studied relative to the thickness and setting time of the cement paste and cement mortar strength.It is shown that the types CEM II/A-P 32.5N and CEM II / A-P 42.5N Portland cement can be produced from imported Portland cement clinker and local mineral additives saving 5–15 % Portland cement clinker.

Petroleum Sludge as Raw Material for Cement Clinker Production

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Benlamoudi ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohamed Khodja
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Petroleum Sludge ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Clinker Production

The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of incorporating petroleum sludge waste as raw materials into the cement clinker production. The burnability and the structural analysis of the produced clinker were studied. The results showed that the addition of petroleum sludge into the clinker matrices improved the burnability of the clinker by lowering the free lime content. Moreover, 2.5% and 5% of this waste was effective and did not affect the quality of the cement clinker negatively. This study, which is the first to investigate the incorporation of petroleum sludge into cement production, provides also a complete elimination of this waste from the environment.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL FORMATION AND LEACHING BEHAVIOR OF MECHANICALLY ACTIVATED LIGNITE FLY ASH BASED GEOPOLYMER

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor MUCSI ◽  
Ágnes SZENCZI ◽  
Zoltán MOLNÁR ◽  
János LAKATOS
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Inorganic Polymers ◽  
Structural Formation ◽  
Lignite Fly Ash ◽  
Naoh Solution

Geopolymers are inorganic polymers which can be produced by the reaction of aluminium silicate oxides and alkaline silicates in an alkaline medium. Nowadays, silicate bearing wastes, such as fly ash or slag and other byproducts of power stations are very common raw materials for geopolymers. In our research a lignite type fly ash was mechanically activated in a high energy density mill (HEM) for different retention time, and geopolymer specimens were produced from these materials. After determining the optimal fly ash fineness, the concentration and composition of the alkaline activator solution were also investigated. The highest compressive strength was reached using fly ash with 2 m2/g specific surface area, activated with a mixture of Na-K silicate (water glass) and naoh solution. The total dosage of alkaline activators to the fly ash was 40 m/m%, the naoh activator of 12 M solution represented 25 m/m%, while Na-K silicate 75 m/m%. Then, the leaching properties of the main components and the mobility of toxic elements of the produced geopolymers were tested in distilled water, 1M acetic acid and 1M hydrochloric acid as well. The lowest mobility of the elements was obtained in most cases by the activator containing 100m/m% Na-K silicate solution (water glass) using the mechanically activated fly ash.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document