Effect of Industrial By-Products on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Solidified Organic Marine Clayey Soils

Clayey soils are considered as the weakest subgrade soil from civil engineering point of view under moist condition. These soils attract and absorb water and loses their strength. Because of this reason certain inherent properties of these clayey soils need modification for their bulk use in construction of highways, embankments etc. Recently, many synthetic fibres have emerged to strengthen soft soils. Synthetic fibres are low-cost materials, hydrophobic and chemically inert in nature which does not allow the absorption or reaction with soil moisture. The inclusion of synthetic fibres provides reinforcement to the soil and use of lime as a soil stabilizer in BC soil cut down the plasticity index and also increase its strength. For this an extensive laboratory test program was conducted to analyse the variation geotechnical properties of soil by changing the percentage of recron fibre at an optimum dose of lime. The laboratory tests include Atterberg Limit Test, Modified Proctor Test, Unconfined Compressive Strength Test and California Bearing Ratio Test. To conduct different tests on soil sample the proportion of lime is kept fixed and proportion of polyester recron fibre is varied from 0% to 1% by dry weight of soil sample for different lengths of fibre(6 mm, 12 mm & 18 mm separately). Optimum dose of lime is find out by plasticity index of BC soil mixed with varying percentages of lime (4%, 6%, 8% and 10%). Results of the experiments shows that with the increase in the appropriate percentage in recron fibre the Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio increases. On increasing the length of Recron Fibre, the Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio also increases. Combination of lime and recron fibre in BC soil give higher CBR value. Therefore it can be used in the improvement of Clayey Soil Subgrade in pavement design and in the construction of embankements.

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Using Steel Slag for Stabilizing Clayey Soil in Sulaimani City-Iraq

Journal of Engineering ◽

10.31026/j.eng.2020.07.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 145-157

Author(s):

Zozk Kawa Abdalqadir ◽

Nihad Bahaaldeen Salih ◽

Soran Jabbar Hama Salih

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Clayey Soil ◽

Steel Slag ◽

Swelling Pressure ◽

Geotechnical Properties ◽

California Bearing Ratio ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Clayey Soils

The clayey soils have the capability to swell and shrink with the variation in moisture content. Soil stabilization is a well-known technique, which is implemented to improve the geotechnical properties of soils. The massive quantities of waste materials are resulting from modern industry methods create disposal hazards in addition to environmental problems. The steel industry has a waste that can be used with low strength and weak engineering properties soils. This study is carried out to evaluate the effect of steel slag (SS) as a by-product of the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. A series of laboratory tests were conducted on natural and stabilized soils. SS was added by 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, and 20% to the soil. The conducted tests are consistency limits, specific gravity, hydrometer analysis, modified Proctor compaction, swelling pressure, swelling percent, unconfined compressive strength, and California Bearing Ratio (Soaked CBR). The results showed that the values of liquid limit, plasticity index, optimum moisture content, swelling pressure, and swelling percent were decreased when stabilized the soil. However, the values of maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, and California bearing ratio were increased with the addition of steel slag with various percentages to the clayey soil samples. The steel slag was found to be successfully improving the geotechnical properties of clayey soils.

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Geotechnical Properties of Effluent-Contaminated Cohesive Soils and Their Stabilization Using Industrial By-Products

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr6100203 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Muhammad Irfan ◽

Yulong Chen ◽

Muhammad Ali ◽

Muhammad Abrar ◽

Ahmed Qadri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Dry Density ◽

Cohesive Soils ◽

Maximum Dry Density ◽

Plastic Clay ◽

Swell Potential ◽

By Products

The unchecked and unnoticed disposal of industrial leachates is a common malpractice in developing countries. Untreated effluents from industries drastically deteriorate the soil, altering nearly all of its characteristics. An increase in urbanization has led to construction on these deteriorated lands. In this study, the chemical impact of two industrial effluents, dyeing (acidic) and tannery (basic), is studied on two cohesive soils, i.e., high plastic clay (CH) and low plastic clay (CL). Properties such as liquid limit, plasticity index, specific gravity, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, swell potential, swell pressure, and compression indices decrease with effluent contamination, with the exception of the basic effluent, for which the trend changes after a certain percentage. This study also examines the time variation of properties at different effluent percentages, finding that unconfined compressive strength of both soils increases with time upon dyeing (acidic) contamination and decreases with tannery (basic). The stabilizing effect of two industrial by-products, i.e., marble dust and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) have been evaluated. Unlike their proven positive effect on uncontaminated soils, these industrial by-products did not show any significant stabilization effect on leachate-contaminated cohesive soils, thereby emphasizing the need to utilize special remediation measures for effluent treated soils.

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Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Fibre-Reinforced Clay Blended with By-Product Cementitious Materials

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences10060241 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 241 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Samuel J. Abbey ◽

Eyo U. Eyo ◽

Jonathan Oti ◽

Samuel Y. Amakye ◽

Samson Ngambi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Glass Fibre ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Linear Expansion ◽

Cement Content ◽

Soil Reinforcement ◽

Clayey Soils ◽

Wide Range ◽

Reinforced Cement

Clayey soils endure adverse changes in strength and volume due to seasonal changes in moisture content and temperature. It has been well recognised that high cement content has been successfully employed in improving the mechanical properties of clayey soils for geotechnical infrastructural purposes. However, the environmental setbacks regarding the use of high cement content in soil reinforcement have necessitated the need for a greener soil reinforcement technique by incorporating industrial by-product materials and synthetic fibres with a reduced amount of cement content in soil-cement mixtures. Therefore, this study presents an experimental study to investigate the mechanical performance of polypropylene and glass fibre-reinforced cement-clay mixtures blended with ground granulated blast slag (GGBS), lime and micro silica for different mix compositions and curing conditions. The unconfined compressive strength, linear expansion and microstructural analysis of the reinforced soils have been studied. The results show that an increase in polypropylene and glass fibre contents caused an increase in unconfined compressive strength but brought on the reduction of linear expansion of the investigated clay from 7.92% to 0.2% at fibre content up to 0.8% for cement-clay mixture reinforced with 5% Portland cement (PC). The use of 0.4–0.8% polypropylene and glass fibre contents in reinforcing cement-clay mixture at 5% cement content causes an increase in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values above the minimum UCS target value according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 4609 after 7 and 14 days curing at 20 °C to 50 °C temperature. Therefore, this new clean production of fibre-reinforced cement-clay mixture blended with industrial by-product materials has great potential for a wide range of applications in subgrade reinforcement.

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Unconfined Compressive Strength Characteristics Of Lime Treated Clay

10.37376/1570-000-014-002 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Asma A. Bder Muhmed ◽

Ali Musa

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Strength Characteristics

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APPLICATION OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH FIBERS IN STRENGTH IMPROVEMENT AS A FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v25i3.33 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 161-170

Author(s):

Henny Lydiasari ◽

Ari Yusman Manalu ◽

Rahmi Karolina

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Crack Length ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Fiber Reinforced Concrete ◽

Structural Concrete ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Construction Products ◽

By Products ◽

Strength Improvement

The potency of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibers as one of the by-products of processing oil palm is increasing significantly so that proper management is needed in reducing environmental impact. One of the utilization of OPEFB fibers is as a substitution material in construction which usually the material is derived from non-renewable mining materials so that the number is increasingly limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study to know the performance of OPEFB fiber in making construction products especially concrete. In this case, the experiment was conducted using experimental method with variation of fiber addition by 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Each specimen was tested by weight, slump value, compressive strength, tensile strength, elasticity and crack length. As the results, the variation of fibers addition by 10%, decrease of slump value is 7%, concrete weight is 3% and crack length is 8% while increase of the compressive strength is 2.7% and the modulus of elasticity is 33.3% but its tensile strength decreased insignificantly by 0.05% . Furthermore, the addition of fibers above 10% to 30% decreased compressive strength is still below 10% and tensile strength below 2% while the weight of concrete, slump value and crack length decreased. Therefore, the addition of 10% can replace the performance of concrete without fiber but the addition of above 10% can still be used on non-structural concrete.

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Prediction of Unconfined Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Cement-Stabilized Sandy Soils: A Case Study in Vietnam

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering ◽

10.1007/s10706-021-01805-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huu-Dao Do ◽

Van-Ngoc Pham ◽

Hong-Hai Nguyen ◽

Phuong-Nam Huynh ◽

Jie Han

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Sandy Soils

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Rapid determination of soil unconfined compressive strength using reflectance spectroscopy

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment ◽

10.1007/s10064-021-02159-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 3923-3938

Author(s):

Fatemeh Mousavi ◽

Ehsan Abdi ◽

Parviz Fatehi ◽

Abbas Ghalandarzadeh ◽

Hossein Ali Bahrami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Rapid Determination ◽

Reflectance Spectroscopy

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Compression and Strain Predictive Models in Non-Structural Recycled Concretes Made from Construction and Demolition Wastes

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14123177 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 3177

Author(s):

Evelio Teijón-López-Zuazo ◽

Jorge López-Rebollo ◽

Luis Javier Sánchez-Aparicio ◽

Roberto Garcia-Martín ◽

Diego Gonzalez-Aguilera

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Predictive Models ◽

Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽

Image Correlation ◽

Peak Strain ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Maximum Peak ◽

3D Digital Image Correlation ◽

Granulometric Analysis ◽

Physical And Chemical

This work aims to investigate different predictive models for estimating the unconfined compressive strength and the maximum peak strain of non-structural recycled concretes made up by ceramic and concrete wastes. The extensive experimental campaign carried out during this research includes granulometric analysis, physical and chemical analysis, and compression tests along with the use of the 3D digital image correlation as a method to estimate the maximum peak strain. The results obtained show that it is possible to accurately estimate the unconfined compressive strength for both types of concretes, as well as the maximum peak strain of concretes made up by ceramic waste. The peak strain for mixtures with concrete waste shows lower correlation values.

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