scholarly journals Massive Gene Expansion and Sequence Diversification Is Associated with Diverse Tissue Distribution, Regulation and Antimicrobial Properties of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors in Shrimp

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Matos ◽  
Paulina Schmitt ◽  
Cairé Barreto ◽  
Natanael Farias ◽  
Guilherme Toledo-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
Gene Expansion ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Conserved Gene ◽  
And Function ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are antimicrobial peptides with a central β-hairpin structure able to bind to microbial components. Mining sequence databases for ALFs allowed us to show the remarkable diversity of ALF sequences in shrimp. We found at least seven members of the ALF family (Groups A to G), including two novel Groups (F and G), all of which are encoded by different loci with conserved gene organization. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that gene expansion and subsequent diversification of the ALF family occurred in crustaceans before shrimp speciation occurred. The transcriptional profile of ALFs was compared in terms of tissue distribution, response to two pathogens and during shrimp development in Litopenaeus vannamei, the most cultivated species. ALFs were found to be constitutively expressed in hemocytes and to respond differently to tissue damage. While synthetic β-hairpins of Groups E and G displayed both antibacterial and antifungal activities, no activity was recorded for Group F β-hairpins. Altogether, our results showed that ALFs form a family of shrimp AMPs that has been the subject of intense diversification. The different genes differ in terms of tissue expression, regulation and function. These data strongly suggest that multiple selection pressures have led to functional diversification of ALFs in shrimp.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Carlina acaulis L. Essential Oil and Its Nanoemulsion

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1451
Author(s):  
Antonio Rosato ◽  
Alexia Barbarossa ◽  
Ahmed M. Mustafa ◽  
Giulia Bonacucina ◽  
Diego Romano Perinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Homogenization Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
New Compounds

Plants are considered to be an excellent source of new compounds with antibiotic activity. Carlina acaulis L. is a medicinal plant whose essential oil (EO) is mainly characterized by the polyacetylene carlina oxide, which has antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of C. acaulis EO, carlina oxide, and nanoemulsion (NE) containing the EO. The EO was obtained through plant roots hydrodistillation, and carlina oxide was purified from it through silica gel column chromatography. The NE containing C. acaulis EO was prepared with the high-pressure homogenization method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against several bacterial and fungal strains for all the C. acaulis-derived products. The latter resulted in activity active versus all the screened Gram-positive bacterial strains and also on all the fungal strains with low MIC values. For yeast, the EO and carlina oxide showed good MIC values. The EO-NE demonstrated a better activity than the pure EO on all the tested bacterial and fungal strains. The results suggest that C. acaulis-derived products could be potential candidates for the development of natural antibacterial and antifungal agents.

The effect of elongation of a peptide substituent with ArgSer motif on the antimicrobial properties of hemin derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1060-1071
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Blagodarov ◽  
Galina A. Zheltukhina ◽  
Sergey V. Yeremin ◽  
Ekaterina S. Babicheva ◽  
Elena P. Mirchink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Nonmonotonic Dependence ◽  
Biological Potency ◽  
And Function ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
The Relationship

The natural metalloporphyrin hemin possesses a number of properties that determine its attractiveness as a basis for creating potential medicines. The development of research in this area is restrained by hemin’s pronounced toxicity, mainly in relation to normal red blood cells, and also by its water insolubility. We previously synthesized amino acid and peptide hemin derivatives with sufficient water solubility and in some cases high antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) potency [1, 2]. In order to establish the relationship between structure and function, this paper studies the peptide substituent in hemin derivatives (HD) elongated by multiplying the -ArgSer- motif and its effect on the biological and physicochemical properties of their aqueous solutions. A nonlinear nonmonotonic dependence of their physicochemical properties and biological potency on the HD concentration and the length of peptide substituent was revealed based on calculations of hydrophilic properties of substituents in HD and a study by electron and laser correlation spectroscopy of their properties in aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of Mn(II) Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline With Some Co-Ligands

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Donatus Bekindaka Eni ◽  
Divine Mbom Yufanyi ◽  
Che Dieudonne Tabong ◽  
Rajamony Jagan ◽  
Moise Ondoh Agwaraa
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Orthorhombic Crystal ◽  
Monoclinic Crystal ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Crystal System ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

The complexes of Manganese(II) with 1,10-phenanthroline using the nitrate, thiocyanate and dicyanamide as co-ligands have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. The magnetic moments of the complexes are consistent with high spin (d5) octahedral geometry. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the complexes to be [Mn(Phen)2(NO3)2] (1), [Mn(Phen)2(N3)2)] (2), and [Mn(Phen)2(dca)2)] (3). Complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in an orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pbcn while complex 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/c. The complexes have been screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities by the disc diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration values indicate that the complexes showed greater activity against the fungi strains tested compared to that of the reference antifungal.

scholarly journals Essential Oil ofArtemisia annuaL.: An Extraordinary Component with Numerous Antimicrobial Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rita Bilia ◽  
Francesca Santomauro ◽  
Cristiana Sacco ◽  
Maria Camilla Bergonzi ◽  
Rosa Donato
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Artemisia annuaL. (Asteraceae) is native to China, now naturalised in many other countries, well known as the source of the unique sesquiterpene endoperoxide lactone artemisinin, and used in the treatment of the chloroquine-resistant and cerebral malaria. The essential oil is rich in mono- and sesquiterpenes and represents a by-product with medicinal properties. Besides significant variations in its percentage and composition have been reported (major constituents can be camphor (up to 48%), germacrene D (up to 18.9%), artemisia ketone (up to 68%), and 1,8 cineole (up to 51.5%)), the oil has been subjected to numerous studies supporting exciting antibacterial and antifungal activities. Both gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus,Streptococcus,Staphylococcus,Bacillus, andListeriaspp.), and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia,Shigella,Salmonella,Haemophilus,Klebsiella, andPseudomonasspp.) and other microorganisms (Candida,Saccharomyces, andAspergillusspp.) have been investigated. However, the experimental studies performed to date used different methods and diverse microorganisms; as a consequence, a comparative analysis on a quantitative basis is very difficult. The aim of this review is to sum up data on antimicrobial activity ofA. annuaessential oil and its major components to facilitate future approach of microbiological studies in this field.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of new 2-amino-4-(substituted phenyl)-6-(7’’-methoxy, 3’’,4’’-dihydro, 2’’,2’’-dimethyl-2hbenzopyran) pyrimidines and their bio evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-866
Author(s):  
Y.L.N. Murthy ◽  
Padma Suhasini ◽  
Jha Anjali
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

A series of eight novel 2-amino-4-(substituted phenyl)-6-(7"- methoxy, 3",4"-dihydro, 2",2"-dimethyl-2H-benzopyran) pyrimidines were designed and synthesized by utilizing benzene-1,3-diol as starting material. The structures of the isolated products (6a-h) were established through 1HNMR, 13C-NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were utilized for screening antimicrobial properties against gram positive (Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus faecalis), gram negative bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Escheria coli, Proteus vulgaris) and fungi (Pencillian expasom, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans) using Ampicillin and Ketoconazole. Most of the compounds showed moderate to high antibacterial and antifungal activities against studied strains with inhibition zones between 8 and 30 mm.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Substituted quino[3,2-b]benzo[1,4]thiazines

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA CZARNY ◽  
EWA ZACZYŃSKA ◽  
MAŁGORZATA JELEŃ ◽  
MICHAŁ ZIMECKI ◽  
KRYSTIAN PLUTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phenothiazine Derivatives ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Human Blood Cultures

Our previous studies demonstrated that among phenothiazines several derivatives could be found showing strong antiproliferative actions and the property of inhibiting inducible tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF a) production in human blood cultures. The aim of this investigation was to determine potential antimicrobial actions of forty four new phenothiazine derivatives with the quinobenzothiazine structure. The compounds showed differential antibacterial and antifungal activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans depending on the compound structures, concentrations and bacterial strains. More specifically, 6-(1-methyl- 2-piperidylethyl) quinobenzothiazine displayed strongest actions against S. aureus and E. coli whereas 6-methanesulfonylaminobutyl-9-methylthioquinobenzothiazine exhibited the most universal antimicrobial properties. The correlation between antimicrobial activity and the chemical structure of quinobenzothiazines was discussed.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, electrochemical behavior and antibacterial/antifungal activities of [Cd(l)X2] complexes with a Schiff base ligand

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Montazerozohori ◽  
Sahar Yadegari ◽  
Asghar Naghiha
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Schiff Base Ligand ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

A new symmetrical bidentate Schiff base ligand (L) was applied for the synthesis of some new cadmium coordination compounds with general formula of [Cd(L)X2] in which X is halide and pseudo-halide. The ligand and all cadmium complexes were characterized by some techniques such as elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR, UV-Visible and molar conductance. Electrochemical behavior of ligand and Cd(II) complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry method. Morphology and shape of [Cd(L)Cl2] particles were depicted by SEM. Antimicrobial properties such as antibacterial and antifungal activities of the complexes as compared with ligand were checked against three Gram-negative bacteria; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomunase aeroginosa (ATCC 9027) and Salmonella Spp. and two Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Corynebacterium renale and three fungal strains including Aspergillus Niger, Penicillium chrysogenum and Candida albicans. The results revealed appropriate antibacterial and antifungal activities for all compounds, and it was also found that the coordination of ligand to Cd (II) lead to an increase in the antimicrobial activities in most of cases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of herbal plants from Uzbekistan against human pathogenic microbes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Dilfuza Jabborova ◽  
Svetlana Babich ◽  
Sokhiba Xalmirzaeva ◽  
Kamaliddin Salakhiddinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

AbstractIn traditional medicine of Uzbekistan, around 20% of herbal plants are used to treat various ailments, including diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Though conventional medicinal plants are common in Uzbekistan, many plant species potentially useful for new pharmaceuticals are less studied. They contain various biological compounds with antibacterial and antifungal activities, that could be developed into drugs. The search for novel antimicrobial compounds, especially against multidrug-resistant pathogens from aromatic and herbal plants is an essential scientific research line. However, the antimicrobial properties of several medicinally important plants from various countries are still unknown. This review aims to provide an up-to-date report on the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants endemic to Uzbekistan widely used in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Screening of antibacterial and antifungal activities of selected Macedonian wild mushrooms

2013 ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Nikolovska-Nedelkoska ◽  
Natalija Atanasova-Pancevska ◽  
Haris Amedi ◽  
Dafina Veleska ◽  
Emilija Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Regarding the development of novel safe antimicrobials of natural origin, macrofungi became attractive for the researchers in the last decade. In this study, antimicrobial potential of methanolic extracts of six wild macromycetes (Boletus lupinus, Flammulina velutypes, Phellinus igniarius, Sarcodon imbricatus, Tricholoma aurantium, Xerocomus ichnusanus) was evaluated. In vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated by the microdilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Testing was conducted against eleven microorganisms, including six strains of bacteria and five species of fungi. Extracts showed selective antimicrobial properties while the activities depended both on the species of microorganism and on the type and concentration of extract. The evaluated extracts demonstrated antimicrobial activity, exhibiting more potent inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria than on fungi. The highest antibacterial and antifungal activity was observed in methanolic extract of polypore fungus P. igniarius.

scholarly journals The Conservation of Chloroplast Genome Structure and Improved Resolution of Infrafamilial Relationships of Crassulaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Huanhuan Xie ◽  
Jianquan Liu ◽  
Zhenxiang Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Gene Organization ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Branch Site ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Function

Crassulaceae are the largest family in the angiosperm order Saxifragales. Species of this family are characterized by succulent leaves and a unique photosynthetic pathway known as Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Although the inter- and intrageneric relationships have been extensively studied over the last few decades, the infrafamilial relationships of Crassulaceae remain partially obscured. Here, we report nine newly sequenced chloroplast genomes, which comprise several key lineages of Crassulaceae. Our comparative analyses and positive selection analyses of Crassulaceae species indicate that the overall gene organization and function of the chloroplast genome are highly conserved across the family. No positively selected gene was statistically supported in Crassulaceae lineage using likelihood ratio test (LRT) based on branch-site models. Among the three subfamilies of Crassulaceae, our phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast protein-coding genes support Crassuloideae as sister to Kalanchoideae plus Sempervivoideae. Furthermore, within Sempervivoideae, our analyses unambiguously resolved five clades that are successively sister lineages, i.e., Telephium clade, Sempervivum clade, Aeonium clade, Leucosedum clade, and Acre clade. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the infrafamilial relationships and the conservation of chloroplast genomes within Crassulaceae.

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