scholarly journals Factors that Decrease Sedentary Behavior in Community-Dwelling Elderly People: A Longitudinal Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Yutaka Owari
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavior Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Background and objectives: This study was to clarify how the frequency of participation in a health class affected the reduction in sedentary behavior after two years, and whether decreases in sedentary behavior in elderly people who participated in a health class persisted two years after the end of an intervention. Materials and Methods: This study was longitudinal, and the results of a previous study conducted in 2017 were added to the findings of a different year. The participants were elderly health class members at a community dwelling in Japan who participated between 2016 and 2018. Of the 86 participants that were enrolled, the data of 80 were collected in 2016. A year later, in a 2017 follow-up, the number of participants was 80, and two years later, in a 2018 follow-up, there were 71 participants. Results: There was a significant difference with regards to the reduction of the sedentary behavior rate between two different groups (a health class participation rate of more than 75% and the other with less than 75%) two years later. However, no difference in sedentary behavior rate was found between the two groups (intervention group and control group) at a two-year follow-up, despite observing differences after one year. Conclusions: Continuous participation in a health class may help reduce sedentary behavior. After two years, “Active Guide” brochures and documents may not help in reducing sedentary behavior, despite seeing improvements after one year. Persistent social participation may have a more lasting effect than one-off interventions in reducing the sedentary behavior ratio.

Abstract 12604: Effect of Psychotherapy on Quality of Life and Recurrence of Events in Patients With Recurrent Vasovagal Syncope: A Randomized Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata de Barros e Silva ◽  
Denise Hachul ◽  
PEDRO GABRIEL M DE BARROS E SILVA ◽  
Mauricio I Scanavacca
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Vasovagal Syncope ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Tilt Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

Introduction: Vasovagal syncope presents a benign prognosis in terms of survival but is associated with significant impairment on quality of life (QoL). Poor emotional status contributes to the recurrence of events. Hypothesis: Among patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope, weekly sessions of psychotherapy may improve QoL and reduce the number of events during one year of follow-up. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted including 10 patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope and positive tilt test. Cardiac disease and ongoing psychotherapeutic interventions were the main exclusion criteria. After randomization, half of the eligible patients underwent weekly sessions of psychotherapy during 12 months, while the control group was followed according to the standard of care, without psychotherapy. QoL by SF-36 and recurrence of syncope and pre-syncope were compared between the 2 groups and also in each group pre and post randomization. Results: All patients had a positive tilt test (80% with mixed vasovagal response), 70% were female and the mean age was 47.4 ± 11.1 years. The average rate of events before inclusion was 4.1 (± 3.4) syncopes/year and 1.26 (± 0.5) episodes of presyncope/week. The groups were well balanced at baseline and all patients completed the planned follow-up of one year. In the assessment of QoL by SF-36, comparing before and one year after randomization, there was no statistically significant difference in the control group (49.9 ± 9.8 vs 46.9 ± 3.4, P = 0.20) but there was a significant improvement in the intervention group (44.9 ± 11.9 vs 68.8 ± 7.8, P < 0.01). Comparing both groups at 12 months, patients that underwent sessions of psychotherapy had better QoL (68.8 ± 7.8 vs 46.9 ± 3.4, P < 0.01). Regarding the recurrence of syncope events, there was no significant change in the control group; however, in the intervention group there was a significant reduction in the rate of presyncope episodes per month (5.6 ± 2.1 vs 1.7 ± 0.9; P = 0.02) and also a significant reduction in the rate of syncope per year (4.6 ± 3.3 vs 1.0 ± 0.7; P = 0.04). Conclusions: In a randomized clinical trial, patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope undergoing regular psychotherapeutic intervention had less recurrence of events and improved quality of life in one year.

Increasing Life-Space Mobility in Community-Dwelling Older Persons With Cognitive Impairment Following Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Ullrich ◽  
Christian Werner ◽  
Martin Bongartz ◽  
Tobias Eckert ◽  
Bastian Abel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Life Space ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Independent Life

Abstract Background Community-dwelling older persons with cognitive impairment (CI) following discharge from geriatric rehabilitation are at high risk of losing life-space mobility (LSM). Interventions to improve their LSM are, however, still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a CI-specific, home-based physical training and activity promotion program on LSM. Methods Older persons with mild-to-moderate CI (Mini-Mental State Examination: 17–26 points) discharged home from rehabilitation were included in this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with a 12-week intervention period and 12-week follow-up period. The intervention group received a CI-specific, home-based strength, balance, and walking training supported by tailored motivational strategies. The control group received a placebo activity. LSM was evaluated by the Life-Space Assessment in Persons with Cognitive Impairment, including a composite score for LSM and 3 subscores for maximal, equipment-assisted, and independent life space. Mixed-model repeated-measures analyses were used. Results One hundred eighteen participants (82.3 ± 6.0 years) with CI (Mini-Mental State Examination: 23.3 ± 2.4) were randomized. After the intervention, the home-based training program resulted in a significant benefit in the Life-Space Assessment in Persons with Cognitive Impairment composite scores (b = 8.15; 95% confidence interval: 2.89–13.41; p = .003) and independent life-space subscores (b = 0.39; 95% confidence interval: 0.00–0.78; p = .048) in the intervention group (n = 63) compared to control group (n = 55). Other subscores and follow-up results were not significantly different. Conclusions The home-based training program improved LSM and independent life space significantly in this vulnerable population. Effects were not sustained over the follow-up. The program may represent a model for improved transition from rehabilitation to the community to prevent high risk of LSM restriction.

scholarly journals Effects of a psychosocial intervention at one-year follow-up in a PREDIMED-plus sample with obesity and metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Núria Mallorquí-Bagué ◽  
María Lozano-Madrid ◽  
Cristina Vintró-Alcaraz ◽  
Laura Forcano ◽  
Andrés Díaz-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lifestyle Recommendations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mediational Role

AbstractThis study examines if overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms, and if these variables could be modified after 1 year of a multimodal intervention (diet, physical activity, psychosocial support). 342 adults (55–75 years) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) from the PREDIMED-Plus Cognition study were randomized to the intervention or to the control group (lifestyle recommendations). Cognitive and psychopathological assessments were performed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up. At baseline, higher impulsivity was linked to higher food addiction and depressive symptoms, but not to body mass index (BMI). Food addiction not only predicted higher BMI and depressive symptoms, but also achieved a mediational role between impulsivity and BMI/depressive symptoms. After 1 year, patients in both groups reported significant decreases in BMI, food addiction and impulsivity. BMI reduction and impulsivity improvements were higher in the intervention group. Higher BMI decrease was achieved in individuals with lower impulsivity. Higher scores in food addiction were also related to greater post-treatment impulsivity. To conclude, overweight/obesity are related to higher impulsivity, food addiction and depressive symptoms in mid/old age individuals with MetS. Our results also highlight the modifiable nature of the studied variables and the interest of promoting multimodal interventions within this population.

scholarly journals Short-term balance training and acute effects on postural sway in balance-deficient older adults: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Sörlén ◽  
Andreas Hult ◽  
Peter Nordström ◽  
Anna Nordström ◽  
Jonas Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Balance Exercise

Abstract Background We aimed to determine the effectiveness of 4 weeks of balance exercise compared with no intervention on objectively measured postural sway. Methods This was a single-center parallel randomized controlled, open label, trial. A six-sided dice was used for allocation at a 1:1-ratio between exercise and control. The trial was performed at a university hospital clinic in Sweden and recruited community-dwelling older adults with documented postural instability. The intervention consisted of progressively challenging balance exercise three times per week, during 4 weeks, with follow-up at week five. Main outcome measures were objective postural sway length during eyes open and eyes closed conditions. Results Sixty-five participants aged 70 years (balance exercise n = 32; no intervention n = 33) were randomized. 14 participants were excluded from analysis because of early dropout before follow-up at week five, leaving 51 (n = 22; n = 29) participants for analysis. No significant differences were detected between the groups in any of the postural sway outcomes. Within-group analyses showed significant improvements in hand grip strength for the intervention group, while Timed Up & Go improvements were comparable between groups but only statistically significant in the control group. Conclusions Performing balance exercise over a four-week intervention period did not acutely improve postural sway in balance-deficient older adults. The lower limit in duration and frequency to achieve positive effects remains unclear. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT03227666, July 24, 2017, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Effect of implementation intention on walking in people with diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Vieira da Silva ◽  
Thaís Moreira São-João ◽  
Marilia Estevam Cornelio ◽  
Fábio Luiz Mialhe
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Implementation Intention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of implementation intentions as an intervention strategy to promote walking in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We conducted a controlled and randomized trial, with 12 months of follow-up, involving 65 people with T2DM recruited from primary health care units and allocated them in the control group (CG, n = 32) and intervention group (IG, n = 33). The IG received the implementation intention strategy to promote walking and the CG remained in follow-up for conventional treatment in primary health care. The researchers were blinded by anthropometric measurements and the filling of the instruments. RESULTS: After twelve months of follow up, the IG presented a statistically significant increase in the leisure time physical activity when compared with the CG (p = 0.0413) and showed a significant decrease in waist circumference (p = 0.0061). No significant difference was observed regarding body mass index and glycated hemoglobin among groups. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation intention was effective in promoting walking and improving clinical indicators in adults with T2DM.

The association of the affordable care's Medicaid expansion on survival in gynecologic cancer: A National Cancer Database study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1501-1501
Author(s):  
Anna Jo Smith ◽  
Jeremy Applebaum ◽  
Amanda Nickles Fader
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
National Cancer Database ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

1501 Background: Under the Affordable Care Act’s 2014 Medicaid expansion, more than 12 million Americans gained health insurance. Whether such gains in insurance improve survival in gynecologic cancer is unknown. This study aims to determine whether Medicaid expansion is associated with improved survival among women with gynecologic cancers. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a difference-in-differences study design comparing insurance status, stage at diagnosis, delays in treatment, and one-year survival before and after the ACA’s Medicaid expansion in Medicaid expansion states (intervention group) compared to women in non-expansion states (control group). Using hospital-reported data from the 2010-2016 National Cancer Database, we compared outcomes overall for women ages 40-64 years old with endometrial, cervical, ovarian, or vulva/vaginal cancer and then stratified by cancer type, stage, race, and rural/urban status. We adjusted for patient (area-level income, area-level education, distance traveled for care, comorbidities), clinical (co-morbidities, grade) and hospital (academic facility) characteristics. Results: Our sample included 241,713 women with gynecologic cancer, 119,392 in expansion states and 122,321 in non-expansion states. Post-Medicaid expansion, there was a statistically significant 0.8 % increase in 1-year survival among patients in expansion states compared to non-expansion states (95% CI 0.1-1.5). There was also a significant reduction in uninsurance (-1.1%, 95%CI, --1.5, -0.7) and delays of 30+ days from diagnosis to treatment (-2.4%, 95%CI -3.4, -1.2). There was no significant change in early-stage diagnosis (0%; 95%CI -0.7-0.7). Improvements in one-year survival after Medicaid expansion were driven by ovarian cancer (difference-in-differences 2.2%, 95%CI 0.6-3.8) and in white women (difference-in-differences 0.8%, 95%CI 0.1-1.5), while there was no significant difference in one-year survival for non-white or rural women. Conclusions: The Affordable Care Act’s Medicaid expansion was significantly associated with 1-year survival and insurance access among patients with gynecologic cancer. Insurance expansion efforts in non-Medicaid expansion states may improve survival for women with gynecologic cancer.

Bizzy Break! The Effect of a Classroom-Based Activity Break on In-School Physical Activity Levels of Primary School Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Murtagh ◽  
Maureen Mulvihill ◽  
Oonagh Markey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Step Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

The school has been identified as a key setting to promote physical activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a classroom-based activity break on in-school step counts of primary school children. Data for 90 children (49 boys, 41 girls, 9.3 ± 1.4 years) from three Irish primary schools is presented. In each school one class was randomly assigned as the intervention group and another as controls. Children’s step counts were measured for five consecutive days during school hours at baseline and follow-up. Teachers of the intervention classes led a 10 min activity break in the classroom each day (Bizzy Break!). Mean daily in-school steps for the intervention at baseline and follow-up were 5351 and 5054. Corresponding values for the control group were 5469 and 4246. There was a significant difference in the change in daily steps from baseline to follow-up between groups (p < .05). There was no evidence that girls and boys responded differently to the intervention (p > .05). Children participating in a daily 10 min classroom-based activity break undertake more physical activity during school hours than controls.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a home care teaching program for prostatectomized patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Regina Ferreira da Mata ◽  
Cissa Azevedo ◽  
Mariana Ferreira Vaz Gontijo Bernardes ◽  
Tânia Couto Machado Chianca ◽  
Maria da Graça Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Teaching Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Times

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a teaching program for hospital discharge of patients submitted to radical prostatectomy based on the self-efficacy construct of the Cognitive Social Theory. Method: A controlled clinical trial carried out on a 2-month follow-up of 68 prostatectomized men randomized into intervention group (n = 34) and control (n = 34). The intervention group received routine guidance from the service plus the teaching program. The control group only received routine guidance from the service. The data collection instruments were: sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, self-efficacy scale, hospital depression and anxiety scale, household care knowledge questionnaire, and an item on satisfaction with a score of 1 to 5. Results: There was a significant difference between the intragroups for satisfaction (p<0.001) and knowledge (p<0.001) of the pre-test to the post-test. In the intervention group, there were significant changes between the times for anxiety (p=0.011) and knowledge (p<0.001). Conclusion: The teaching program with a combination of oral guidance, written instruction and telephone follow-up was effective in improving knowledge about home care and personal satisfaction. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: RBR-5n95rm.

scholarly journals Preliminary Results on the Effectiveness of a Nutrition Intervention in Lowering Diabetes Risk in Prediabetic People Living with HIV (PLWH) in MASH Cohort (OR36-06-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Sneij Perez ◽  
Adriana Campa ◽  
Leslie Seminario ◽  
Sabrina Martinez ◽  
Fatma Huffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a 6-month nutrition intervention to improve glycemic parameters and inflammation in prediabetic PLWH on stable ART with undetectable HIV viral load. Methods A 6-month randomized, controlled nutrition intervention was conducted in prediabetic PLWH. The study participants for the intervention were recruited from the Miami Adult Studies for HIV (MASH) cohort at the FIU-Borinquen Research Clinic. Upon their consent, the participants were randomized into the intervention group or the control group. Participants randomized in the intervention group met once a month for approximately 1 hour where they received medical nutrition therapy, nutrition counseling and nutrition education; participants randomized into the control group received educational material at baseline. Blood was drawn at baseline and at 6-month to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Results A total of 38 participants were recruited and randomized into either the intervention group (n = 20) or the control group (n = 18). We found that the FBG for the 6-month follow-up for the intervention group was significantly lower than the baseline FBG values of the same study group (paired t-test; P = 0.031). No significant difference was found in the control group between the baseline and 6-month fasting blood glucose values (P = 0.068). Moreover, no significant difference was found in pre/post C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the intervention or control group (paired t-test; P = 0.404 and P = 0.117 respectively). There was a significant difference in CRP levels at baseline (P = 0.028) between the study groups but no difference at the 6-month follow up (Mann Whitney U test: P = 0.430). Conclusions The results from this intervention support the notion that a nutrition intervention is effective in prediabetic PLWH to lower diabetes risk by significantly lowering fasting blood glucose and may be implemented into larger scale interventions; however, no significant changes was seen in hs-CRP values between the 2 groups. Funding Sources National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS): Research Initiative for Scientific Enhancement (RISE), Biomedical Research Initiative (BRI) Grant, National Institute on Drug Abuse 5U01DA040381-03 and FIU-Dissertation Funding.

scholarly journals Can the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Be Delayed by a Group-Based Lifestyle Intervention in Women with Prediabetes following Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)? Findings from a Randomized Control Mixed Methods Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela O’Dea ◽  
Marie Tierney ◽  
Brian E. McGuire ◽  
John Newell ◽  
Liam G. Glynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Control Group ◽  
One Year

Objective. To evaluate a 12-week group-based lifestyle intervention programme for women with prediabetes following gestational diabetes (GDM).Design. A two-group, mixed methods randomized controlled trial in which 50 women with a history of GDM and abnormal glucose tolerance postpartum were randomly assigned to intervention (n=24) or wait control (n=26) and postintervention qualitative interviews with participants.Main Outcome Measures. Modifiable biochemical, anthropometric, behavioural, and psychosocial risk factors associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome variable was the change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) from study entry to one-year follow-up.Results. At one-year follow-up, the intervention group showed significant improvements over the wait control group on stress, diet self-efficacy, and quality of life. There was no evidence of an effect of the intervention on measures of biochemistry or anthropometry; the effect on one health behaviour, diet adherence, was close to significance.Conclusions. Prevention programmes must tackle the barriers to participation faced by this population; home-based interventions should be investigated. Strategies for promoting long-term health self-management need to be developed and tested.

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