scholarly journals Effect of Alloying Additives and Microadditives on Hardenability Increase Caused by Action of Boron

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Beata Białobrzeska
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Austenitizing Temperature ◽  
Alloying Additives ◽  
Jominy Test ◽  
Variable Chemical ◽  
Full Annealing ◽  
Ideal Critical Diameter

The presented work was aimed at evaluating influence of boron on hardenability of steel quantitatively and evaluating this effect during complex use of boron with other alloying additives like chromium, vanadium and titanium. For this purpose, eight melts with variable chemical compositions were prepared. From the ingots, cylindrical specimens with normalized dimensions according to EN ISO 642:1999 were cut out and subjected to full annealing at 1200 °C and to normalizing at 900 °C. Such specimens were subjected to the hardenability Jominy test. In order to distinguish the influence of boron on hardenability of a given melt and thus to eliminate the differences resulting from its chemical composition, grain size and austenitizing temperature, the obtained ideal critical diameter was corrected and the boron effectiveness factor was determined. The performed examinations and analyses showed that inadequate quantities of microadditives result in losing the benefits coming from introduction of boron as the hardenability-improving element and can even result in a reduction of hardenability of the boron-containing steel.

scholarly journals Research on NDT Technology in Inference of Steel Member Strength Based on Macro/Micro Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Beidou Ding ◽  
Naiqiang Xiao ◽  
Shuxun Zhang ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Steel Strength ◽  
Tension Properties

In consideration of correlations among hardness, chemical composition, grain size, and strength of carbon steel, a new nondestructive testing technology (NDT) of inferring the carbon steel strength was explored. First, the hardness test, chemical composition analysis, and metallographic analysis of 162 low-carbon steel samples were conducted. Second, the following works were carried out: (1) quantitative relationship between steel Leeb hardness and carbon steel strength was studied on the basis of regression analysis of experimental data; (2) influences of chemical composition and grain size on tension properties of carbon steel were analyzed on the basis of stepwise regression analysis, and quantitative relationship between conventional compositions and grain size with steel strength was obtained; (3) according to the macro and/or micro factors such as hardness, chemical compositions, and grain size of carbon steel, the fitting formula of steel strength was established based on MLR (multiple linear regressions) method. The above relationships and fitting formula based on MLR method could be used to estimate the steel strength with no damage to the structure in engineering practice.

Effect of Alloying Elements on Microstructure, Texture Development, and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Wan Ha ◽  
Sung Ji Choi ◽  
No Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Shear Band ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Basal Texture ◽  
Hot Rolled

In this study, the magnesium alloys AZ31, ZK10, and ZEK100 are investigated through microstructure, texture, and tensile test. The sheets were hot rolled, and different results were found for different chemical compositions. The contained elements affected the grain size, shear band, twins, and intensity of the basal texture of the magnesium alloy. Thus, if a magnesium sheet had finer grains and a weak (00.1) texture because of its chemical composition, it had the most favorable formability.

Effect of boron microaddition on hardenability of new-developed HSLA-type steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 1-2 (99) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
M. Opiela
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Critical Diameter ◽  
High Hardenability ◽  
Similar Chemical Composition ◽  
Direct Quenching ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Forged Parts ◽  
Jominy Test

Purpose: The paper presents the results of investigations on the effect of 0.003% boron microaddition on the hardenability of new-developed HSLA-type steels. In order to prevent the binding of the boron microaddition with nitrogen in BN nitrides, Ti microaddition at concentrations of 0.033% and 0.028% was also added into the tested steels. Design/methodology/approach: Evaluation of hardenability of the investigated steels was carried out on the basis of the Jominy test and the analytical method, according to the ASTM 255-89 standard, taking into account the effect of the boron microaddition. Additionally, developed of the CCT-diagram of investigated steel. A DIL 805A/D dilatometer with a LVDT-type measuring head was used to carry out the dilatometric test. Findings: Microaddition of boron, introduced into steel in a concentration of 0.003% along with Ti microaddition shielding (in concentration of 0.033% in steel A and 0.028% in steel B), advantageously improves hardenability. This is reflected in calculated ideal critical diameter DIB, which is equal 163 mm for steel A and 155 mm for steel B. The form of curves of phase transformations of supercooled austenite is typical for steels with microaddition of boron, with similar chemical composition. Research limitations/implications: Due to similar chemical composition of investigated steels, the kinetics of phase transformations of austenite, supercooled under continuous cooling, was determined for steel B containing 0.28% C, 1.4% Mn, 0.3% Si, 0.26% Cr, 0.22% Mo and Nb, Ti, V and B microadditions at 0.027%, 0.028%, 0.019% and 0.003% respectively. Practical implications: Tested steels have high hardenability and show the full usability for production of forged parts with the method of thermomechanical treatment, i.e., hot- deformed in the temperature range adjusted to the type of microadditions added to steel, with direct quenching of forgings from finishing forging temperature. The results of the tests may be useful for developing the parameters of heat treatment and thermomechanical treatment of investigated steels. Originality/value: The hardenability of new-developed HSLA-type steels was determined.

High-throughput screening of the chemical composition distribution of random styrene-butyl acrylate copolymers

e-Polymers ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván García Romero ◽  
Harald Pasch
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
Chemical Composition Distribution ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

AbstractThe development of high-throughput liquid chromatographic techniques for the analysis of styrene-butyl acrylate (SBA) copolymers is discussed. The analysis time in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) can be reduced to about 3 min per sample when high-throughput SEC columns and high flow rates are used. In gradient HPLC, small columns with improved separation efficiencies can be applied. The time requirements can be decreased to less than 2 min per sample. Using the high-throughput HPLC technique, the chemical composition distribution of high-conversion SBA copolymers can be analyzed in a fast and efficient way. The calibration of HPLC separation is conducted by coupling the HPLC system with FTIR through the LC-transform interface. A comparison of the chemical compositions of the copolymers obtained by 1H NMR, off-line FTIR and coupled HPLCFTIR verifies the accuracy of the high-throughput copolymer analysis approach.

Relationship between Chemical Composition and the Amount of Phosphorus Adsorbed

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Eiji Watanabe ◽  
Kaori Nishizawa ◽  
Masaki Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Adsorption Behaviors ◽  
Relationship Of

Relationship of the adsorption behaviors of phosphorus with several natural materials and artificial HAS-clay with various chemical compositions was investigated. The amounts of phosphorus adsorbed by them were closely related with the contents of aluminum in the material. It was found that the higher the aluminum contents of material, larger the amount of phosphorus were adsorbed.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutrients Drivers on the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC. from Ecuador

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2949
Author(s):  
Juan I. Burneo ◽  
Ángel Benítez ◽  
James Calva ◽  
Pablo Velastegui ◽  
Vladimir Morocho
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Leaf Nutrients ◽  
First Time

Chemical compositions of plants are affected by the initial nutrient contents in the soil and climatic conditions; thus, we analyzed for the first time the effects of soil and leaf nutrients on the compositions of the essential oils (EOs) of Siparuna muricata in four different localities in Ecuador. EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Enantiomeric distribution by GC/MS was determined, modifying the enantiomeric separation of β-pinene, limonene, δ-elemene, β-bourbonene, cis-cadina-1 (6), 4-diene and atractylone. A total of 44 compounds were identified. The most representative for L1 were guaiol, atractylone and 4-diene; for L2, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene and myrcene; for L3, atractylone, myrcene and germacrene B; and finally, L4 germacrene B, myrcene and cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene. Correlations between soil- leaf chemical elements such as Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, N and Si in the different localities were significant with chemical composition of the essential oil of Siparuna muricata; however, correlations between soil and leaf K, P, and Na were not significant. Cluster and NMDS analysis showed high dissimilarity values of secondary metabolites between four localities related with changes in soil- leaf nutrients. Thus, the SIMPER routine revealed that not all secondary metabolites contribute equally to establishing the differences in the four localities, and the largest contributions are due to differences in guaiol, cis-cadina-1(6),4-diene, atractylone and germacrene. Our investigation showed for the first time the influences of altitude and soil- leaf chemical elements in the chemical composition of the EOs of S. muricata.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Optical Properties and Chemical Composition of Urban Aerosol Particles in Lithuania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Pauraite ◽  
Kristina Plauškaitė ◽  
Vadimas Dudoitis ◽  
Vidmantas Ulevicius
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Single Scattering ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
In Situ Investigation

In situ investigation results of aerosol optical properties (absorption and scattering) and chemical composition at an urban background site in Lithuania (Vilnius) are presented. Investigation was performed in May-June 2017 using an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), a 7-wavelength Aethalometer and a 3-wavelength integrating Nephelometer. A positive matrix factorisation (PMF) was used for the organic aerosol mass spectra analysis to characterise the sources of ambient organic aerosol (OA). Five OA factors were identified: hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass-burning OA (BBOA), more and less oxygenated OA (LVOOA and SVOOA, respectively), and local hydrocarbon-like OA (LOA). The average absorption (at 470 nm) and scattering (at 450 nm) coefficients during the entire measurement campaign were 16.59 Mm−1 (standard deviation (SD) = 17.23 Mm−1) and 29.83 Mm−1 (SD = 20.45 Mm−1), respectively. Furthermore, the absorption and scattering Angström exponents (AAE and SAE, respectively) and single-scattering albedo (SSA) were calculated. The average AAE value at 470/660 nm was 0.97 (SD = 0.16) indicating traffic-related black carbon (BCtr) dominance. The average value of SAE (at 450/700 nm) was 1.93 (SD = 0.32) and could be determined by the submicron particle (PM1) dominance versus the supermicron ones (PM > 1 µm). The average value of SSA was 0.62 (SD = 0.13). Several aerosol types showed specific segregation in the SAE versus SSA plot, which underlines different optical properties due to various chemical compositions.

scholarly journals Modern quantitative microstructure analysis on the example of aicu5mg1 alloys

2002 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Biljana Zlaticanin ◽  
Branislav Radonjic ◽  
Branka Jordovic
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Titanium Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Grain Refining ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Picture Analysis

Using an automatic, QUANTIMET 500 MC, device for quantitative picture analysis and applying linear method of measurement on the example of AlCu5Mg1 alloys, the grain size (min, max and medium values), as well as relative standard measuring errors (RSE), dendrite arm spacing (DAS) and length eutectic (Le) and also distribution by size (histogram) and volume participation of ?-hard solution and eutectic have been determined. We have also studied the influence of grain-refining additives AlTi5B1 for the same chemical composition of the aluminium-capper-magnesium alloy. It has been concluded that with the increase of titanium content, the mean value of grain size decreases. We have also examined hardness and pressure strength.

scholarly journals Low Density Multi-principal Element Alloy from Al-Mg-Ca-Si-B System

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2315-2320
Author(s):  
Victor Geanta ◽  
Robert Ciocoiu ◽  
Ionelia Voiculescu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Complex Oxides ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Principal Element ◽  
Research Stage

The scientific paper presents a numerical modeling of the chemical composition for the optimization of the multicomponent light alloys in the Al-Mg-Ca-Si-B system. The effects of the proportion of each chemical element on the main characteristics of the alloy based on the mixture rule and the correlation between the melting temperature and the modulus of elasticity were analyzed numerically. The model results has reveals that even other factors must be taken into account, i.e. the mechanical characteristics which varied significantly with changing of chemical compositions. A compromise was set, by slightly increasing the density to acquire better mechanical characteristics. The selected chemical composition was then used to obtain the new low density alloy. In current research stage we conclude that the as cast alloy comprises an inhomogeneous solid solution and complex oxides. Further studies are ongoing on the experimental alloy in various states (homogenization annealed and processed by plastic deformation).

Study on Technological Mineralogy and the Experimental of Hematite in Fengyang Anhui

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Jiang An Chen ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Xian Ping Luo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Process Mineralogy

The paper researched on hematite’s characteristic of process mineralogy in Fengyang Anhui province. The chemical compositions of the ore were analyzed. The species, components of the hematite are determined, and the grain size and embedded characteristic of the ore are statistical. Some suggestions are proposed to improve the recovery of Fe2O3 according to the result of the process mineralogy study.

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