scholarly journals E-Waste Recycling and Resource Recovery: A Review on Technologies, Barriers and Enablers with a Focus on Oceania

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonovan Van Yken ◽  
Naomi J. Boxall ◽  
Ka Yu Cheng ◽  
Aleksandar N. Nikoloski ◽  
Navid R. Moheimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Glass Plastic ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Consumption Rates

Electronic e-waste (e-waste) is a growing problem worldwide. In 2019, total global production reached 53.6 million tons, and is estimated to increase to 74.7 million tons by 2030. This rapid increase is largely fuelled by higher consumption rates of electrical and electronic goods, shorter life cycles and fewer repair options. E-waste is classed as a hazardous substance, and if not collected and recycled properly, can have adverse environmental impacts. The recoverable material in e-waste represents significant economic value, with the total value of e-waste generated in 2019 estimated to be US $57 billion. Despite the inherent value of this waste, only 17.4% of e-waste was recycled globally in 2019, which highlights the need to establish proper recycling processes at a regional level. This review provides an overview of global e-waste production and current technologies for recycling e-waste and recovery of valuable material such as glass, plastic and metals. The paper also discusses the barriers and enablers influencing e-waste recycling with a specific focus on Oceania.

Remanufacturing: Impacts of Sacrificial Cylinder Liners

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Krill ◽  
Deborah L. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Decision Tool ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Design For Remanufacturing ◽  
Engine Blocks ◽  
Cylinder Liners

Remanufacturing offers the potential for simultaneously recovering the economic value of manufactured components and improving the environment. Some design features make remanufacturing less expensive and/or increase the proportion of components that can be remanufactured. For example, sacrificial components can be used to protect key parts from wear. However, trade-offs are sometimes involved, and product designers need tools to support design for remanufacturing. This paper presents models for estimating the costs and environmental impacts of employing sacrificial components (cylinder liners) in engine blocks. These models are incorporated into a spreadsheet-based design decision tool. Three illustrative examples demonstrate that (1) remanufacturing lowers overall costs when two life cycles are considered, (2) sacrificial cylinder liners should be employed for small (2 L) engines, and their superiority increases with multiple remanufacturing cycles, and (3) for large engines (5.3 L) using cylinder liners is equally preferred to not using them, with respect to both overall cost and environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Households in Santiago, Chile: Environmental Hotspots and Policy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Camila López-Eccher ◽  
Elizabeth Garrido-Ramírez ◽  
Iván Franchi-Arzola ◽  
Edmundo Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Freshwater Eutrophication

The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of household life cycles in Santiago, Chile, by household income level. The assessment considered scenarios associated with environmental policies. The life cycle assessment was cradle-to-grave, and the functional unit considered all the materials and energy required to meet an inhabitant’s needs for one year (1 inh/year). Using SimaPro 9.1 software, the Recipe Midpoint (H) methodology was used. The impact categories selected were global warming, fine particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, mineral resource scarcity, and fossil resource scarcity. The inventory was carried out through the application of 300 household surveys and secondary information. The main environmental sources of households were determined to be food consumption, transport, and electricity. Food consumption is the main source, responsible for 33% of the environmental impacts on global warming, 69% on terrestrial acidification, and 29% on freshwater eutrophication. The second most crucial environmental hotspot is private transport, whose contribution to environmental impact increases as household income rises, while public transport impact increases in the opposite direction. In this sense, both positive and negative environmental effects can be generated by policies. Therefore, life-cycle environmental impacts, the synergy between policies, and households’ socio-economic characteristics must be considered in public policy planning and consumer decisions.

Environmental assessment of construction and demolition waste recycling in Bolivia: Focus on transportation distances and selective collection rates

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110291
Author(s):  
Navarro Ferronato ◽  
Gabriela Edith Guisbert Lizarazu ◽  
Marcelo Antonio Gorritty Portillo ◽  
Luca Moresco ◽  
Fabio Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Collection Rate ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Selective Collection

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) management in developing countries is a global concern. The analysis of scenarios and the implementation of life cycle assessment (LCA) support decision-makers in introducing integrated CDW management systems. This paper introduces the application of an LCA in La Paz (Bolivia), where CDW is mainly dumped in open areas. The aim of the research is to evaluate the benefits of inert CDW recycling in function of the selective collection rate, defined as the amount of waste (%wt.) sorted at the source in relation to the total waste amount produced, and the distances from the CDW generation to the material recycling facility. The outcomes of the research suggest that increasing the selective collection rates (5% to 99%) spread the importance of transportation distances planning since it affects the magnitude of the environmental impacts (1.05 tCO2-eq to 20.7 tCO2-eq per km traveled). Transportation limits have been found to be lower than about 40 km in order to make recycling beneficial for all environmental impacts and for all selective collection rate, with the eutrophication potential as the limiting indicator. The theoretical analysis suggests implementing LCA with primary data and involving statistics related to the transportation of virgin materials avoided thanks to recycling. The outcomes of the research support the implementation of CDW recycling in developing countries since it has been found that material recovery is always beneficial.

scholarly journals Utilisation of wastes as fertilisers with particular emphasis on the Bay of Plenty region

1991 ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
M.B. O'Connor ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts ◽  
R.D. Longhurst ◽  
M.F. Hawke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industries

Estimates of the wastes produced in the Bay of Plenty region indicate that 22 million m' (tonnes) is produced annually. The main contributors to waste production are the dairy industry (shed, factory),municipal sewage, pig, poultry, meatworks, kiwifruit, fishing and pulp and paper industries. In fertiliser terms these wastes are valued at $7.7 million. In addition the timber industry produces > 1 million tonnes of timber residues (sawdust, bark, woodchips) approximately 20% of which is currently dumped. Wastes, when recycled back on to the land, offer a potential source of nutrients to enhance pasture and crop production. In addition organic wastes provide a source of organic matter which may have beneficial effects on the physical properties of soils. Research results indicate that pumice soils are well suited to the application of wastes. Some general recommendations are given for the use of wastes in dairying, orcharding and cropping situations. Three factors are considered important for the successful utilisation of wastes (a) application rates need to be balanced to the nutrient needs of the soil-plant system (b) safeguards in the form of regular chemical monitoring of the effluent, soil, plant and animal need to be implemented, and(c) the economics of using the waste materials must be favourable to the farmer and orchardist. The principle of the producer of the waste paying for its safe disposal or utilisation needs to be adopted in New Zealand as it has in many overseas countries. Keywords nutrients, organic matter, waste recycling, pumice soils, fertiliser value

scholarly journals INFORMAL SECTOR STRATEGY IN URBAN INORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT TOWARD 3 M MANAGEMENT (MERUBAH: CHANGING, MENGURANGI: REDUCING, MANFAAT: BENEFIT) IN SEMARANG CITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 278-287
Author(s):  
Djoko INDROSAPTONO ◽  
Joesron Alie SYAHBANA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Urban Waste Management ◽  
The Impact

Moreover urban waste can be seen as a cultural problem because it affects various aspects of life, and the impact on urban waste management system nowadays are not effective and efficient yet. The reason for conducting this research is the emergence of the informal sector phenomena of urban waste management that can contribute to reduce the volume of urban waste production. The purpose of this research is to find out the informal sector strategy in urban waste management, especially inorganic waste. The researchers used qualitative research to explain the phenomenon as the focus of research. The result of research is 3M phenomenon, that is derived from Indonesian words (Mengubah = Changing, Mengurangi = Reducing, Manfaat = Benefit), in the management of urban inorganic waste. The explanation are; Mengubah: turning waste into economic value; Mengurangi: If the economic value of the urban waste volumes increases, the volume of urban waste will eventually be reduced; and Manfaat: the benefits obtained are management cultivating empowerment, reducing the burden of the landfill volume, being closer to inorganic zero waste condition. Suggestions are as follows: [a] development of management towards go-green, [b] urban waste management based on predictable community empowerment will be more effective and efficient in the future.

scholarly journals Recycling of Communal Waste: Current State and Future Potential for Sustainable Development in the EU

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Taušová ◽  
Eva Mihaliková ◽  
Katarína Čulková ◽  
Beáta Stehlíková ◽  
Peter Tauš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
National Level ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Current State ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The constant consumption of resources exerts pressure on the environment. In this sense, waste management has obtained increasing attention from the view of a circular economy. The European Union deals with these mentioned aspects, trying maintain long-term competitiveness and to provide sustainable development in accordance with all related environmental aspects. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the production of communal waste in 36 EU countries. The main aim is to evaluate the success of countries’ efforts to decrease waste production and increase recycling rates. The methodology used for the evaluation included data collected from the publicly available database Eurostat, consequent analyses and evaluation in the statistical software JMP 13 through regression, distribution, and cluster analysis, and the interpretation of the results. The results of the cluster analysis showed that despite clear EU waste management legislation, EU member states have significantly different waste management systems at the national level. However, generally, we could see positive correlation between the generation of waste and recycling rates. Although, Malta, Austria, Greece, and Norway recorded a decreasing level of waste recycling over the last several years, some countries (Slovakia, Poland, Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania) had significantly lower recycling rates accompanied by low landfill taxes. The evaluation of waste production and recycling can be used for government policy in the area of waste management, as well as for individual communities dealing with communal waste.

scholarly journals Is Recycling Always the Best Option? Environmental Assessment of Recycling of Seashell as Aggregates in Noise Barriers

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Begoña Peceño ◽  
Carlos Leiva ◽  
Bernabé Alonso-Fariñas ◽  
Alejandro Gallego-Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Waste recycling is an essential part of waste management. The concrete industry allows the use of large quantities of waste as a substitute for a conventional raw material without sacrificing the technical properties of the product. From a circular economy point of view, this is an excellent opportunity for waste recycling. Nevertheless, in some cases, the recycling process can be undesirable because it does not involve a net saving in resource consumption or other environmental impacts when compared to the conventional production process. In this study, the environmental performance of conventional absorption porous barriers, composed of 86 wt % of natural aggregates and 14 wt % cement, was compared with barriers composed of 80 wt % seashell waste and 20 wt % cement through an attributional cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment. The results show that, for the 11 environmental impact categories considered, the substitution of the natural aggregates with seashell waste involves higher environmental impacts, between 32% and 267%. These results are justified by the high contribution to these impacts of the seashell waste pre-treatment and the higher cement consumption. Therefore, the recycling of seashells in noise barrier manufacturing is not justified from an environmental standpoint with the current conditions. In this sense, it could be concluded that life cycle assessments should be carried out simultaneously with the technical development of the recycling process to ensure a sustainable solution.

scholarly journals Cultivation of maggot from organic waste to increase economic value at TPS 3R Enggal Comfort, Gondosuli, Muntilan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2187-2192
Author(s):  
Eko Muh Widodo ◽  
Muhamad Ardi Yuwono ◽  
Rohmat Haryadi ◽  
Ade Hirani Noverizka ◽  
Gunawan Sholeh Sholahudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
High Population Growth ◽  
Waste Bank

Gondosuli Village is located in Muntilan District, Magelang Regency, and has a high population growth rate, economy, and development, all of which contribute to increased community activities. This causes waste production to continue to rise; additionally, there are issues with waste management from upstream to downstream, namely a lack of waste reduction, which leads to waste accumulation in landfills. This is due to a lack of proper management, which consists of only collection, disposal, and transportation. As a result, the community service is carried out by planning for a solid waste management system capable of reducing waste from upstream. The cultivation of maggots from organic waste is an upstream system approach that can be used to solve the waste problem. BSF maggot cultivation has several advantages, including the production of pre-puppa, which can be used as a source of protein for animal feed, and aiding in the resolution of the community's organic waste processing problem. The concept of integrated waste management (TPS 3R) can be combined with a waste bank to reduce waste disposal in the TPA while also providing economic value.

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