scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Using FTIR and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS of Two Curculigo Species and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Abdul Halim Umar ◽  
Diah Ratnadewi ◽  
Mohamad Rafi ◽  
Yohana Caecilia Sulistyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Pls Analysis ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Curculigo orchioides and C. latifolia have been used as traditional medicines such as antidiabetic and anticancer. This study measured the total phenolics and flavonoid contents as well as analyzed the functional groups and chemical compounds using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS profiling for the discrimination of plant parts, geographical origin, and compounds that presumably have a significant contribution as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitors on both plants. The total phenolics and flavonoids contents in Curculigo species varied from 142.09 to 452.47 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g) and from 0.82 to 5.44 mg quercetin equivalent (QE/g), respectively. The lowest IC50 for antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities is presented by C. latifolia from a higher altitude region. Principal component analysis (PCA) from FTIR and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS data could discriminate the plant parts and geographical origin. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis has identified several functional groups, such as O–H, C–H, C=O, C–C, C–O, and chemical compounds, unknown-185 and unknown-85, that are most likely to contribute to the antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.

scholarly journals Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teni Ernawati ◽  
Maksum Radji ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi ◽  
Abdul Mun’im ◽  
Arry Yanuar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Phenyl Group ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivative ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitor ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Additive Reaction

This paper reviews biological activity of some cinnamic acid derivative compounds which are isolated from natural materials and synthesized from the chemical compounds as an agent of α-glucosidase inhibitors for the antidiabetic drug. Aegeline, anhydroaegeline and aeglinoside B are natural products isolated compounds that have potential as an α-glucosidase inhibitor. Meanwhile, α-glucosidase inhibitor class of derivatives of cinnamic acid synthesized compounds are p-methoxy cinnamic acid and p-methoxyethyl cinnamate. Chemically, cinnamic acid has three main functional groups: first is the substitution of the phenyl group, second is the additive reaction into the α-β unsaturated, and third is the chemical reaction with carboxylic acid functional groups. The synthesis and modification of the structure of cinnamic acid are very influential in inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase.

scholarly journals An HPLC-DAD Method to Quantify Flavonoids in Sonchus arvensis and Able to Classify the Plant Parts and Their Geographical Area through Principal Component Analysis

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Rifki Husnul Khuluk ◽  
Amalia Yunita ◽  
Eti Rohaeti ◽  
Utami Dyah Syafitri ◽  
Roza Linda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
System Suitability ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
The Stability

A simple and efficient method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eight flavonoids (orientin, hyperoside, rutin, myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin) in Sonchus arvensis by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). This method was utilized to differentiate S. arvensis samples based on the plant parts (leaves, stems, and roots) and the plant’s geographical origin. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a reverse-phase C18 column by eluting at a flow rate of 1 mL/min using a gradient with methanol and 0.2% aqueous formic acid. In the optimum conditions, the developed method’s system suitability has met the criteria of good separation. The calibration curve shows a linear relationship between the peak area and analyte concentration with a correlation coefficient (r2) > 0.9990. The ranges for the analytes’ limits of detection and quantitation were 0.006–0.015 and 0.020–0.052 µg/mL, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision expressed in terms of RSD values were <2%, and the accuracy range based on recovery was 97–105%. The stability of all analytes within 48 h was about 2%. By combining HPLC-DAD fingerprint analysis with chemometrics, the developed method can classify S. arvensis samples based on the plant parts and geographical origin.

scholarly journals Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry-based Metabolomics Studies of Sophora Flavescens can Identify the Geographical Origin of Root Samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichiro Suzuki ◽  
Hisahiro Kai ◽  
Yoshihiro Uesawa ◽  
Koji Matsuno ◽  
Yoshihito Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Electron Ionization ◽  
Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Score Plot ◽  
Traditional Medicines

An electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS)-based metabolomic approach was applied to Sophora flavescens to identify the geographical origin of each sample. The score plot from principal component analysis using the EI-MS data showed that Japanese S. flavescens samples tended to cluster away from Chinese S. flavescens samples. Statistical techniques showed that ions arising from kurarinol and kushenol H, which we previously identified as marker molecules for Japanese S. flavescens, were characteristic of Japanese S. flavescens. Therefore, metabolomics based on EI-MS data is a valuable tool for confirming the geographical origins of S. flavescens samples. The results suggest that EI-MS-based metabolomics is suitable for the quality control of traditional medicines containing many components.

FTIR-based Fingerprinting and Chemometrics for Rapid Investigation of Antioxidant Activity from Syzygium polyanthum Extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Eti Rohaeti ◽  
Fadila Karunina ◽  
Mohamad Rafi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Total Phenolic

Syzygium polyanthum, known as salam in Indonesia, which is rich in phenolics compounds with high antioxidant activity. In this study, we performed the determination of total phenolics and characterization of the antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum leaves extracts using the FTIR-based fingerprinting technique. The extracts of S. polyanthum in water, ethanol, and ethanol-water (30, 50, and 70%) were measured for their antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and FTIR spectra. The antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum extract with different solvent extraction showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content is 70% and 50% ethanolic extract, respectively. The FTIR spectrum of each extract showed identical FTIR spectra patterns. According to their different solvent extraction, S. polyanthum extract could be grouped based on FTIR spectra using principal component analysis. Correlation between the functional group in the FTIR spectra with IC50 from S. polyanthum extract was analyzed using partial least square (PLS). The PLS analysis results showed that O–H, C–H sp3, C=O, C=C, C-O, and C–H aromatic are the main functional groups contributed to the antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum extract. FTIR-based fingerprinting combined with chemometrics could be used to classify different extracts of S. polyanthum and predicted functional groups having a significant contribution to antioxidant activity.

Determination of Agarwood oil’s significant chemical compounds using principal component analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hushnie Haron ◽  
Mohd Nasir Taib ◽  
Nurlaila Ismail ◽  
Nor Azah Mohd Ali ◽  
Saiful Nizam Tajuddin
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Significant Chemical

scholarly journals Ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents, and evidence-based pharmacological properties of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.: extensive overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Félicien Mushagalusa Kasali ◽  
Jonans Tusiimire ◽  
Justin Ntokamunda Kadima ◽  
Amon Ganafa Agaba
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses ◽  
Significant Health

Abstract Background The Chenopodium genus is a plant family widely spread worldwide that includes various plant species reputed to possess several medicinal virtues in folk medicines. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is among the most used plants in traditional medicines worldwide. This review aimed to highlight ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical status, and pharmacological properties of C. ambrosioides L. Main body of the abstract The analysis of relevant data highlights various ethnomedicinal uses against human and veterinary diseases in forty countries. Most indications consisted of gastrointestinal tract dysfunctioning troubles and worms parasitemia. Around 330 chemical compounds have been identified in different plant parts, especially in its essential oil fractions (59.84%). However, only a few compounds—mainly monoterpenes and glycosides—have been isolated and characterized. Experimental pharmacological studies validated a large scale of significant health benefits. It appeared that many monoterpenes are antioxidant, insecticidal, trypanocidal, analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, acaricidal, amoebicidal, anthelmintic, anticancer, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, antifertility, antifungal, anti-leishmanial, antimalarial, antipyretic, antisickling, antischistosomal, antiulcer, anxiolytic, immunomodulatory, molluscicidal, and vasorelaxant agents. Short conclusion Thus, the Chenopodium ambrosioides species necessitates further chemical studies to isolate and characterize new bioactive secondary metabolites and pharmacological investigations to precise the mechanisms of action before clinical trials.

scholarly journals Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of novel 3-amino-2,4-diarylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines against yeast and rat α-glucosidase

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariba Peytam ◽  
Ghazaleh Takalloobanafshi ◽  
Toktam Saadattalab ◽  
Maryam Norouzbahari ◽  
Zahra Emamgholipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

AbstractIn an attempt to find novel, potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, a library of poly-substituted 3-amino-2,4-diarylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines 3a–ag have been synthesized through heating a mixture of 2-aminobenzimidazoles 1 and α-azidochalcone 2 under the mild conditions. This efficient, facile protocol has been resulted into the desirable compounds with a wide substrate scope in good to excellent yields. Afterwards, their inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase enzyme were investigated. Showing IC50 values ranging from 16.4 ± 0.36 µM to 297.0 ± 1.2 µM confirmed their excellent potency to inhibit α-glucosidase which encouraged us to perform further studies on α-glucosidase enzymes obtained from rat as a mammal source. Among various synthesized 3-amino-2,4-diarylbenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines, compound 3k exhibited the highest potency against both Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase (IC50 = 16.4 ± 0.36 μM) and rat small intestine α-glucosidase (IC50 = 45.0 ± 8.2 μM). Moreover, the role of amine moiety on the observed activity was studied through substituting with chlorine and hydrogen resulted into a considerable deterioration on the inhibitory activity. Kinetic study and molecular docking study have confirmed the in-vitro results.

scholarly journals Gentiana asclepiadea L. from Two High Mountainous Habitats: Inter- and Intrapopulation Variability Based on Species’ Phytochemistry

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Zorica Popović ◽  
Dijana Krstić-Milošević ◽  
Milena Marković ◽  
Vera Vidaković ◽  
Srđan Bojović
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Intrapopulation Variability ◽  
Population Origin

Natural populations of Gentiana asclepiadea L., located at two mountainous sites, were HPLC-analyzed regarding the contents of six representative secondary metabolites. The contents of swertiamarin (SWM), gentiopicrin (GP), sweroside (SWZ), mangiferin (MGF), isoorientin (ISOOR), and isovitexin (ISOV) were determined in six populations (three per study site), and separately for aboveground and belowground plant parts. PCA showed a clear separation of four groups according to the contents of the analyzed secondary metabolites. Out of six analyzed compounds, five were present in all samples and only one (SWZ) was found in Golija populations (belowground parts) but not in Vlasina populations, and its presence can be indicative of the geolocation of populations. Clear separation of groups was mostly affected by the different contents of chemical compounds in plant parts (aboveground versus belowground) and by the differences related to population origin (higher content of SWM and GP in belowground parts of individuals from Vlasina populations and higher content of MGF and ISOOR of individuals from Golija populations). The results of this study contribute to the spatiochemical profiling of G. asclepiadea populations and a better understanding of inter- and intrapopulation variability of pharmacologically important compounds.

scholarly journals Bioactive Phenolic Metabolites from Adriatic Brown Algae Dictyota dichotoma and Padina pavonica (Dictyotaceae)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1187
Author(s):  
Ivana Generalić Mekinić ◽  
Vida Šimat ◽  
Viktorija Botić ◽  
Anita Crnjac ◽  
Marina Smoljo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dictyota Dichotoma ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Individual

In this study, the influences of temperature (20, 40 and 60 °C) and extraction solvents (water, ethanol) on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics from the Adriatic macroalgae Dictyota dichotoma and Padina pavonica were studied. The extracts were analysed for major phenolic sub-groups (total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins) using spectrometric methods, while the individual phenolics were detected by HPLC. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using three methods: Ferric Reducing/Antioxidant Power (FRAP), scavenging of the stabile 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC). The aim of the study was also to find the connection between the chemical composition of the extracts and their biological activity. Therefore, principal component analysis (PCA), which permits simple representation of different sample data and better visualisation of their correlations, was used. Higher extraction yields of the total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins were obtained using an alcoholic solvent, while a general conclusion about the applied temperature was not established. These extracts also showed good antioxidant activity, especially D. dichotoma extracts, with high reducing capacity (690–792 mM TE) and ORAC values (38.7–40.8 mM TE in 400-fold diluted extracts). The PCA pointed out the significant influence of flavonoids and tannins on the investigated properties. The results of this investigation could be interesting for future studies dealing with the application of these two algae in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.

Multivariate analyses of indigenous bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces of Oman

2021 ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Ali Hussain Al Lawati ◽  
Saleem Kaseemsaheb Nadaf ◽  
Nadiya Abubakar Al Saady ◽  
Saleh Ali Al Hinai ◽  
Almandhar Almamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
D Values

Oman is endowed with enormous diversity of important food crops that have global significance for food security and has ancient history of cultivation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with its divergent landraces, which are useful in crop improvement. 55 indigenous Omani accessions conserved at the USDA were evaluated in the winter season (November to April) of the years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 on loamy soil under sprinklers in augmented design with 5 check varieties in 5 replications following crop husbandry practices as per national recommendations using 9 quantitative (descriptors) and 6 qualitative traits (anthocyanin pigmentation on plant parts). The data on traits were subjected not only for PC values and D values after varimax rotation through Kaiser normalization in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) but also for Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The results indicated that indigenous bread wheat accessions were significantly different (p>0.05) for all the quantitative traits except number of tillers. The multivariate analyses led to formation of four diverse clusters from PCA analyses corresponding to four quadrants of bi-plot graphs and three clusters from AHC analysis corresponding to main clades of dendrogram. The parents were selected from common accessions of distinct clusters in all the multivariate analyses for hybridization for improving characters of growth for higher yield or productivity with pigmentation on one or two plant parts useful for DUS test of varieties. The indigenous bread wheat landraces / accessions were genetically diverse and have potential for use in national crop improvement programs for earliness and higher grain productivity with distinct identification markers.

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