scholarly journals Gentiana asclepiadea L. from Two High Mountainous Habitats: Inter- and Intrapopulation Variability Based on Species’ Phytochemistry

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Zorica Popović ◽  
Dijana Krstić-Milošević ◽  
Milena Marković ◽  
Vera Vidaković ◽  
Srđan Bojović
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Intrapopulation Variability ◽  
Population Origin

Natural populations of Gentiana asclepiadea L., located at two mountainous sites, were HPLC-analyzed regarding the contents of six representative secondary metabolites. The contents of swertiamarin (SWM), gentiopicrin (GP), sweroside (SWZ), mangiferin (MGF), isoorientin (ISOOR), and isovitexin (ISOV) were determined in six populations (three per study site), and separately for aboveground and belowground plant parts. PCA showed a clear separation of four groups according to the contents of the analyzed secondary metabolites. Out of six analyzed compounds, five were present in all samples and only one (SWZ) was found in Golija populations (belowground parts) but not in Vlasina populations, and its presence can be indicative of the geolocation of populations. Clear separation of groups was mostly affected by the different contents of chemical compounds in plant parts (aboveground versus belowground) and by the differences related to population origin (higher content of SWM and GP in belowground parts of individuals from Vlasina populations and higher content of MGF and ISOOR of individuals from Golija populations). The results of this study contribute to the spatiochemical profiling of G. asclepiadea populations and a better understanding of inter- and intrapopulation variability of pharmacologically important compounds.

scholarly journals Cytokinin Mediated Increased In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites with Special Reference to Solasodine in Solanum erianthum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. e62-e68
Author(s):  
Jeeta Sarkar ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

AbstractSteroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin and has great importance in the production of steroidal medicines. Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) is a good source of solasodine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cytokinins on the production of secondary metabolites, especially solasodine in the in vitro culture of S. erianthum. For solasodine estimation, field-grown plant parts and in vitro tissues were extracted thrice and subjected to high-performance liquid Chromatography. Quantitative analysis of different secondary metabolites showed that the amount was higher in the in vitro regenerated plantlets compared to callus and field-grown plants. The present study critically evaluates the effect of the type of cytokinin used in the culture medium on solasodine accumulation in regenerated plants. The highest solasodine content (46.78±3.23 mg g-1) was recorded in leaf extracts of the in vitro grown plantlets in the presence of 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylamino purine in the culture medium and the content was 3.8-fold higher compared to the mother plant.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic Study of Sangkareho Root (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) from Pelaihari, South Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Fitriyanti Fitriyanti ◽  
Yusmalina Yusmalina ◽  
Rahmi Muthia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Eluent Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pungent Odor ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Light Brown Color

Sangkareho (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) is used traditionally by one of Kalimantan's indigenous tribes, the Dayak Tunjung tribe as a medicine for colds and inflammation, where the plant parts used are the roots. Considering its very potential prospects, research aimed at providing a scientific basis for plant pharmacognostic data needs to be carried out with qualitative methods. The qualitative examination is done by several methods including test identification of organoleptic, macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical compounds. Organoleptic test results showed that the roots have a light brown color, bitter and slightly spicy, and a rather pungent odor. Microscopic test results showed sangkareho root has a length of � 90 cm; width of � 1 cm; and for the form of a spear with a ride root system. Microscopic observations are found in the form of epidermal cells, exodermis, cortex, endodermis, bearing files, calcium oxalate crystals, and stone cells. The identification of chemical compounds showed positive results against alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and triterpenoids. The thin-layer chromatography profile shows four separate stains with eluent ethyl acetate : methanol : water in a ratio of 8 : 2 : 1, respectively.

scholarly journals Actinomycetes as An Environmental Scrubber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutaria Devanshi ◽  
Kamlesh R. Shah ◽  
Sudipti Arora ◽  
Sonika Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Broad Variety

Biotechnological tools engaged in the bioremediation process are in reality, sophisticated and dynamic in character. For specialized reasons, a broad variety of such devices are employed to produce a safe and balanced environment free of all types of toxins and so make life simpler for humans on planet Earth. Actinomycetes is one of these extremely important and functionally helpful groups. They can be used for a variety of bioremediation objectives, including biotransformation, biodegradation, and many more. Actinomycetes are one of the most varied groups of filamentous bacteria, capable of prospering in a variety of ecological settings because to their bioactive capabilities. They’re famous for their metabolic diversity, which includes the synthesis of commercially useful primary and secondary metabolites. They produce a range of enzymes capable of totally destroying all of the constituents. They are well-known for their ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Members of various genera of Actinomycetes show promise for application in the bioconversion of underutilized urban and agricultural waste into high-value chemical compounds. The most potential source is a wide range of important enzymes, some of which are synthesized on an industrial scale, but there are many more that have yet to be discovered. Bioremediation methods, which use naturally existing microbes to clear residues and contaminated regions of dangerous organic chemicals, are improving all the time. In the realm of biotechnological science, the potential of actinomycetes for bioremediation and the synthesis of secondary metabolites has opened up intriguing prospects for a sustainable environment.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANTI-UV Phyllidiella nigra DAN BAKTERI SIMBIOTIKNYA DARI PERAIRAN TANJUNG MANDOLANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Tessalonica Dajoh ◽  
Robert A Bara ◽  
Esther Angkouw ◽  
Medy Ompi ◽  
Rosita A Lintang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Defense System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Self Defense

Phyllidiella nigra is an organism that is suspected to have secondary metabolites because their ability to develop its self defense system by camouflage and using chemical compounds derived from their nature diet as deterrent against their predators. The purpose of this study was to isolate symbiotic bacterial derived from P. nigra, extracted and followed by, the antibacterial assays against Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium as well as the anti-UV assay. The results showed that the five isolates tested had an antibacterial activity with the highest average inhibition zone against E. coli DSM 498 bacteria, isolate 1 (14.67 mm), isolate 5 (14 mm), and against B. Megaterium DSM 32T bacteria, isolate 3 (13.33 mm). The three isolates which had the highest inhibition zone and P. nigra extract were tested for anti-UV assay using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results obtained isolate 3 has absorption of UV-A with the UV absorbtion maximum at λ 340 nm and P. nigra extract has absorption on UV-B radiation with UV absorption maximum at λ 290 nm. Key words: Nudibranchia, Bacteria, Anti-bacteial, Anti-UV Phyllidiella nigra merupakan organisme yang diduga memiliki metabolit sekunder karena mampu mengembangkan sistem pertahanan dirinya dengan cara kamuflase dan menggunakan senyawa kimia sebagai racun yang didapat dari makanannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendapatkan isolat bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan P. nigra, mendapatkan ekstrak dari baktri simbion, dan menguji antibakteri dan anti-UV ekstrak etil aseta bakteri simbion dengan metode difusi agar terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Bacillus megaterium. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kelima isolat yang diuji memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan rerata zona hambat tertinggi terhadap bakteri E. coli DSM 498 yaitu isolat 1 (14,67 mm), isolat 5 (14 mm), dan terhadap baktri B. megaterium DSM 32T yaitu isolat 3 (13,33 mm). Ketiga isolat yang memiliki zona hambat tertinggi dan ekstrak P. nigra diujikan anti-UV menggunakan alat UV-Vis Spektrofotometer. Hasil yang didapat isolat 3 memiliki serapan terhadap radiasi sinar UV-A dengan puncak tertinggi pada λ 340 nm dan ekstrak P. nigra memiliki serapan terhadap radiasi sinar UV-B dengan puncak tertinggi berada pada λ 290 nm. Kata kunci: Nudibranchia, Bacteria, Anti-bacteial, Anti-UV

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants and Its Pharmacological Values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita G. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Important Chemical

Plants have been used as a source of medicine for the treatment of different diseases from thousands of years ago. There is numerous evidences are available for use of plants as a medicine in the treatment of diseases in Indian, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek and Roman system of medicine. Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources, mainly from plants which may further lead to development of new drug. The exploration, extraction and screening of biological diversity such as herbs, spices, microbes and other natural resources is the worldwide activity in recent years. Phytochemicals are the naturally available bioactive compounds which are derived from different plant parts and are primarily responsible for biological activities. The most important chemical compounds which are present in the plants are alkaloids, phenols, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and tannins etc.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Bengal Pogostemon (Pogostemon benghalensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Dahiya ◽  
Daizy R. Batish ◽  
Harminader Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Traditional Remedies ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm.f.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae) is an important aromatic plant. Multiple classes of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenols, phytosteroids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, glycosides, sterols, terpenoids, tannins, essential oil, and alkaloids have been isolated from the title species. Different plant parts have been used as traditional remedies for various ailments. The present review aims to update and coherent the fragmented information on botanical aspects, phytochemistry, traditional uses, and pharmacological activities. An extensive review of the literature was carried out by using various search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Google, Scifinder for information. The articles were searched using the keywords "Pogostemon", "Parviflorus’, "benghalensis". Chemical structures of the chemical compounds were drawn using software Chem Draw ultra 8.0. Most of the plant parts have been used for the treatment of various ailments. Phytochemistry reveals that the plant is a rich source of various biologically active compounds. Pogostemon extracts exhibited numerous pharmacological effects like anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. In sum, P. benghalensis is a promising aromatic and medicinal plant as depicted by its various traditional uses and pharmacological studies. Bioactive compounds, responsible for its various pharmacological activities at the molecular level, need further detailed investigations. Future clinical studies are also required to validate the various traditional uses of P. benghalensis.

Secondary metabolites of the genus Crotalaria (Rattlepods) and their medicinal importance – A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar Yaqub ◽  
Bushra Basher ◽  
Rozina Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The World

This review describes the genus Crotalaria focusing on its secondary metabolites and their medicinal applications. The genus Crotalaria of Fabaceae or Leguminosae family have about 600 species which are distributed in tropic and sub-tropic regions of the world. They are medicinally important due to production of various compounds. Traditional early medicines and drug discovery were based on natural products. Organisms produce some chemical compounds by their metabolic pathways that are not necessary for their growth and development and are known as secondary metabolites. This diverse group of compounds is synthesized by algae, plants, animals and fungi. These metabolites consist of variety of compounds such as phenols, coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and fatty acids. Secondary metabolites obtained from crotalaria exhibit anticancer, anti-rheumatoid arthritis, anti-allergic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiaging and wound healing activities along with many other medicinal applications.

The need to understand the behaviour of fish reared for mariculture or restocking

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Gro Vea Salvanes ◽  
Victoria Braithwaite
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Fish Behaviour ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Population Origin

AbstractFollowing severe stock collapses in many natural populations, efforts are now being invested in farming marine species, and in rehabilitating populations through controlled releases. While the development of cod farming is still relatively new, it may be wise to consider some of the problems other fish farming industries have encountered. For example, farmed fish generally have a different genotype from that of local wild populations, and these artificially selected fish are typically bigger and more aggressive than wild fish. These differences can be problematic if farmed fish escape and begin breeding with local wild populations. An alternative approach to farming is to rehabilitate local wild populations through restocking. To date, however, this approach has had mixed success. Fish behaviour develops during early life stages through a combination of innate characteristics and experience. Apparently, the capacity for behavioural flexibility later in life is affected by the early experiences of juvenile fish. Here, we review the literature concerning the role of population origin and juvenile experience on fish behaviour. We highlight our recent studies on Atlantic cod, which demonstrate that variability in the nursery habitat generates behaviourally flexible fish. We discuss these issues in the context of gadoid mariculture and restocking. We conclude that behavioural studies are an important part of applied research for developing an industry of fish farming in gadoids, as well as for research concerning restocking and conservation of marine resources.

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