scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Printed Piezoelectric Array for Improving Acoustic Field and Spatial Resolution in Medical Ultrasonic Imaging

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Chen ◽  
Xuejun Qian ◽  
Xuan Song ◽  
Qiangguo Jiang ◽  
Rongji Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Acoustic Beam ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Non Destructive

Piezoelectric arrays are widely used in non-destructive detecting, medical imaging and therapy. However, limited by traditional manufacturing methods, the array’s element is usually designed in simple geometry such as a cube or rectangle, restricting potential applications of the array. This work demonstrates an annular piezoelectric array consisting of different concentric elements printed by Mask-Image-Projection-based Stereolithography (MIP-SL) technology. The printed array displays stable piezoelectric and dielectric properties. Compared to a traditional single element transducer, the ultrasonic transducer with printed array successfully modifies the acoustic beam and significantly improves spatial resolution.

scholarly journals Direct Writing Corrugated PVC Gel Artificial Muscle via Multi-Material Printing Processes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2734
Author(s):  
Bin Luo ◽  
Yiding Zhong ◽  
Hualing Chen ◽  
Zicai Zhu ◽  
Yanjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Different Characteristics

Electroactive PVC gel is a new artificial muscle material with good performance that can mimic the movement of biological muscle in an electric field. However, traditional manufacturing methods, such as casting, prevent the broad application of this promising material because they cannot achieve the integration of the PVC gel electrode and core layer, and at the same time, it is difficult to create complex and diverse structures. In this study, a multi-material, integrated direct writing method is proposed to fabricate corrugated PVC gel artificial muscle. Inks with suitable rheological properties were developed for printing four functional layers, including core layers, electrode layers, sacrificial layers, and insulating layers, with different characteristics. The curing conditions of the printed CNT/SMP inks under different applied conditions were also discussed. The structural parameters were optimized to improve the actuating performance of the PVC gel artificial muscle. The corrugated PVC gel with a span of 1.6 mm had the best actuating performance. Finally, we printed three layers of corrugated PVC gel artificial muscle with good actuating performance. The proposed method can help to solve the inherent shortcomings of traditional manufacturing methods of PVC gel actuators. The printed structures have potential applications in many fields, such as soft robotics and flexible electronic devices.

scholarly journals 3D Printing: an appealing technology for the manufacturing of solid oral dosage forms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Pitzanti ◽  
Essyrose Mathew ◽  
Gavin P Andrews ◽  
David S Jones ◽  
Dimitrios A Lamprou
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Solid Oral Dosage Forms ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Oral Dosage Forms ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Abstract Objectives The traditional manufacturing methods of solid oral dosage forms (SODFs) are reported to be time-consuming, highly expensive and not tailored to the patient’s needs. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is an innovative emerging technology that can help to overcome these issues. The aim of this review is to describe the most employed 3DP technologies, materials and the state of the art on 3DP SODFs. Characterization techniques of 3DP SODFs, challenges and regulatory issues are also discussed. Key findings The interest in the investigation of the suitability of 3DP as an alternative strategy for the fabrication of SODFs is growing. Different 3DP technologies and starting materials have been investigated for the development of SODFs. Numerous SODFs with complex geometries and composition, and with different release patterns, have been successfully manufactured via 3DP. Despite that, just one 3DP SODF has reached the market. Summary 3DP can be a promising alternative to the classical SODFs manufacturing methods. However, numerous technically and regulatory challenges still need to be addressed in order 3DP to be extensively used in the pharmaceutical sector.

Study on Bioforming Technology of Bionic Micro-Nano Structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 407-408 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
De Yuan Zhang ◽  
Jun Cai ◽  
Xing Gang Jiang ◽  
Xin Han ◽  
Bo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Bionic Design ◽  
Connotative Meaning ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Methods ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing

The connotative meaning and trend of bionic design and manufacturing was analyzed. A new bioforming technology was presented, which will offer a new way to solve the difficulties in manufacturing of bionic micro-nano structures, and the layout of bioforming technology was also plotted. Several different bioforming technologies targeting typical bionic products were introduced. Compared with traditional manufacturing methods, to machine complicated micro/nano shapes, structures, functional interfaces with bioforming technology has more advantages, which showed that bioforming technologies would have great potential applications in energy-saving, environmental protection, and micro/nano fields.

Non Destructive Three Dimensional Imaging of Aluminium Alloys

2006 ◽  
Vol 519-521 ◽  
pp. 1367-1372
Author(s):  
Éric Maire ◽  
Jean Yves Buffière ◽  
R. Mokso ◽  
P. Cloetens ◽  
Wolfgang Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Destructive

This paper generally presents different techniques available to image the microstructure of materials in three dimensions (3D) at different scales. It then focuses on the use of the more versatile of these techniques for aluminum alloys : X-ray tomography. The paper describes the recent improvements (spatial and the temporal resolution, grain imaging). Electron tomography is also presented as a promising technique to improve the spatial resolution.

scholarly journals Achieving Submicrometer Spatial Resolution for Neutron Imaging With Nuclear Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Muneem ◽  
Junya Yoshida ◽  
Hiroyuki Ekawa ◽  
Masahiro Hino ◽  
Katsuya Hirota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Nuclear Emulsion ◽  
Test Pattern ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Micrometer Scale ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Neutron imaging is a non-destructive inspection technique with a wide range of potential applications. One of the key technical interests concerning neutron imaging is to achieve micrometer-scale spatial resolution. However, developing a neutron detector with a high spatial resolution is a challenging task. Recent efforts are focused on achieving this milestone or even submicrometer spatial resolution. Herein, we introduce our technique for neutron imaging using a fine-grained nuclear emulsion and evaluate the spatial resolution. We used the fine-grained nuclear emulsion with a gadolinium-based Siemens star test pattern and a grating with a periodic structure of 9 μm. The deduced value of the spatial resolution is less than 1 μm using the developed technique. To the best of our knowledge, the submicrometer spatial resolution that we achieved using our method is the best among all reported neutron imaging devices.

Acoustic and Photoacoustic Inspection of Through-Silicon Vias in the GHz-Frequency Band

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Brand ◽  
Michael Kögel ◽  
Frank Altmann ◽  
Ingrid DeWolf ◽  
Ahmad Khaled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Vertical Interconnection ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Silicon Vias ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract Through Silicon Via (TSV) is the most promising technology for vertical interconnection in novel three-dimensional chip architectures. Reliability and quality assessment necessary for process development and manufacturing require appropriate non-destructive testing techniques to detect cracks and delamination defects with sufficient penetration and imaging capabilities. The current paper presents the application of two acoustically based methods operating in the GHz-frequency band for the assessment of the integrity of TSV structures.

An Update on Recent Advances in Cubosome: A Novel Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhukar Garg ◽  
Anju Goyal ◽  
Sapna Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Novel Drug

: Cubosomes are highly stable nanostructured liquid crystalline dosage delivery form derived from amphiphilic lipids and polymer-based stabilizers converting it in a form of effective biocompatible carrier for the drug delivery. The delivery form comprised of bicontinuous lipid bilayers arranged in three dimensional honeycombs like structure provided with two internal aqueous channels for incorporation of number of biologically active ingredients. In contrast liposomes they provide large surface area for incorporation of different types of ingredients. Due to the distinct advantages of biocompatibility and thermodynamic stability, cubosomes have remained the first preference as method of choice in the sustained release, controlled release and targeted release dosage forms as new drug delivery system for the better release of the drugs. As lot of advancement in the new form of dosage form has bring the novel avenues in drug delivery mechanisms so it was matter of worth to compile the latest updates on the various aspects of mentioned therapeutic delivery system including its structure, routes of applications along with the potential applications to encapsulate variety drugs to serve health related benefits.

scholarly journals A Novel Pseudomonas geniculata AGE Family Epimerase/Isomerase and Its Application in d-Mannose Synthesis

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Zhanzhi Liu ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Sheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
3D Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Optimal Reaction ◽  
Gene Age

d-mannose has exhibited excellent physiological properties in the food, pharmaceutical, and feed industries. Therefore, emerging attention has been applied to enzymatic production of d-mannose due to its advantage over chemical synthesis. The gene age of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase family epimerase/isomerase (AGEase) derived from Pseudomonas geniculata was amplified, and the recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was characterized. The optimal temperature and pH of P. geniculata AGEase were 60 °C and 7.5, respectively. The Km, kcat, and kcat/Km of P. geniculata AGEase for d-mannose were 49.2 ± 8.5 mM, 476.3 ± 4.0 s−1, and 9.7 ± 0.5 s−1·mM−1, respectively. The recombinant P. geniculata AGEase was classified into the YihS enzyme subfamily in the AGE enzyme family by analyzing its substrate specificity and active center of the three-dimensional (3D) structure. Further studies on the kinetics of different substrates showed that the P. geniculata AGEase belongs to the d-mannose isomerase of the YihS enzyme. The P. geniculata AGEase catalyzed the synthesis of d-mannose with d-fructose as a substrate, and the conversion rate was as high as 39.3% with the d-mannose yield of 78.6 g·L−1 under optimal reaction conditions of 200 g·L−1d-fructose and 2.5 U·mL−1P. geniculata AGEase. This novel P. geniculata AGEase has potential applications in the industrial production of d-mannose.

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