scholarly journals Olanzapine-high potency antipsychotic drug inducing significant weight gain: A case report

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Maric ◽  
Dragana Josifovic-Kostic ◽  
Olivera Vukovic ◽  
Dubravka Britvic ◽  
Miroslava Jasovic-Gasic
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Young Female ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
High Level

INTRODUCTION Olanzapine is a second generation antipsychotic (SGA) with a high level of therapeutic effectiveness in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Along with the positive therapeutic effects, an increase of the body weight frequently occurs. According to the literature, the average weight gain is about 6-7 kg during several months of treatment. This could be valued as a moderate weight increase. CASE OUTLINE This article presents a case of a young female with schizophrenia, without clinical improvement with several antipsychotics (clozapine, risperidone, haloperidol) and with the occurrence of significant neurological side effects. The treatment started with olanzapine (baseline) was associated with good initial response (PANSS reduction 20% in the first two weeks) and the improvement was maintained further on (PANSS reduction 50% after 16 weeks). Significant increase (20 kg, 40%) in weight appeared during the following 16 weeks (BMI at baseline 17.9 kg/m2; BMI 16 weeks later 25.1 kg/m2). CONCLUSION High effectiveness of olanzapine in schizophrenia symptoms reduction was accompanied by a significant weight gain. However, this drug leads to impaired glucoregulation, dyslipidaemia etc. It also increases the risk of diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases, i.e. the main causes of mortality in schizophrenia after a suicide. Therefore, clinicians are suggested to focus on possible predictors of weight gain during olanzapine therapy, and act accordingly in order to prevent serious health consequences.

Abstract 003: Change in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated with Weight Gain in the Dallas Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M Powell ◽  
Colby R Ayers ◽  
James A de Lemos ◽  
Amit Khera ◽  
Susan G Lakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Dallas Heart Study ◽  
The Impact

Background: Concerning trends in weight gain from 2000-2009 exist in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS), a probability-based sample of Dallas County residents aged 30-65. However, the impact of significant weight gain (≥ 5% increase in body weight) on cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in this contemporary, multi-ethnic population is not known. Methods: We measured weight, LDL-c, blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and fasting glucose (FG) in 2,022 DHS participants (58% female) at study entry in 2000 and in 2009. Using logistic regression stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, we determined the age-adjusted odds of worsening CVRF (any increase in LDL-c, SBP, DBP or FG) for people who gained significant weight compared to those who did not. Results: Among women, 43% (N=500) gained significant weight, compared to 42% of men (N=355). Despite similar average weight gain (9.7±5.8 kg for women vs. 10±5.6 kg for men, p=0.4), women who gained significant weight had almost twice as large an increase in LDL-c (14±34 vs. 8±39 mg/dl, p=0.01) and SBP (12±18 vs. 6±19 mmHg, p<0.001) compared with men who gained significant weight. Increases in DBP (5±10 vs. 4±11 mmHg, p=0.05) and FG (4±29 vs. 2±32 mg/dl, p=0.30) were not significantly different between men and women. Among those with significant weight gain who were not on medications, SBP and LDL-c increases were higher in women compared with men (p<0.05). Differences in the amount of weight gained stratified by race and sex were modest (Table). Black women who gained significant weight were likely to have a worsening of all CVRF, while Hispanic women had the highest likelihood of having an increase in SBP associated with weight gain. In contrast, significant weight gain among men was not associated with worsening CVRF. Conclusions: Significant weight gain was associated with a deleterious impact on CVRF among women but not men. Disparate effects of weight gain between men and women highlight the importance of targeting aggressive weight control interventions toward women to help prevent adverse cardiac outcomes.

Vascular Nanomedicine: Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (05) ◽  
pp. 524-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sun ◽  
Anirban Sen Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Current State ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Disease Site ◽  
Drug Pharmacokinetics

AbstractThe term “nanotechnology” was coined by Norio Taniguchi in the 1970s to describe the manipulation of materials at the nano (10−9) scale, and the term “nanomedicine” was put forward by Eric Drexler and Robert Freitas Jr. in the 1990s to signify the application of nanotechnology in medicine. Nanomedicine encompasses a variety of systems including nanoparticles, nanofibers, surface nano-patterning, nanoporous matrices, and nanoscale coatings. Of these, nanoparticle-based applications in drug formulations and delivery have emerged as the most utilized nanomedicine system. This review aims to present a comprehensive assessment of nanomedicine approaches in vascular diseases, emphasizing particle designs, therapeutic effects, and current state-of-the-art. The expected advantages of utilizing nanoparticles for drug delivery stem from the particle's ability to (1) protect the drug from plasma-induced deactivation; (2) optimize drug pharmacokinetics and biodistribution; (3) enhance drug delivery to the disease site via passive and active mechanisms; (4) modulate drug release mechanisms via diffusion, degradation, and other unique stimuli-triggered processes; and (5) biodegrade or get eliminated safely from the body. Several nanoparticle systems encapsulating a variety of payloads have shown these advantages in vascular drug delivery applications in preclinical evaluation. At the same time, new challenges have emerged regarding discrepancy between expected and actual fate of nanoparticles in vivo, manufacturing barriers of complex nanoparticle designs, and issues of toxicity and immune response, which have limited successful clinical translation of vascular nanomedicine systems. In this context, this review will discuss challenges and opportunities to advance the field of vascular nanomedicine.

Growth in sheep. I. The chemical composition of the body

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle ◽  
N. McC. Graham ◽  
M. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Rumen Development ◽  
Set Up

SUMMARYFifteen sheep were fed ad libitum from 2 days to 27 months of age, and another 15 sheep were each fed exactly half the average amount consumed by the first group, age for age. The body composition of each sheep (water, fat, protein, energy) was estimated from tritiated water space on 13 occasions during this period.To describe the course of growth in individual sheep in terms of the relationships between the various body components and body weight, a model was set up in which 4 phases of growth were distinguished, viz. the milk-feeding phase, the period of rumen development, and a prefattening followed by a fattening ruminant phase. Each phase was represented by a linear equation.Except for phase 1, mean composition within each phase differed significantly between well-fed animals and those which had been given a restricted diet. Individual animals differed in the body weight at which the final phase commenced; the average weight was ca. 31 kg. Fat storage was zero or negative during the main period of rumen development; otherwise the fat and therefore energy content of weight gain increased from phase to phase. The protein and water content of gain was high in phases 1 and 2 and decreased subsequently.Calculations based on data in the literature indicated that, in phase 4, the composition of weight loss was the same as that of weight gain. It is also suggested that the body weight at which this fattening phase commences is related to mature weight, with animals of large ultimate size starting to fatten at heavier body weights than those of small ultimate size.The application of the results to the determination of nutrient requirements is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Some Preservative Solutions on Some Morphometric Features of Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammed Inad Ghazwan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Preservative Solutions

The present study attempts to find out the effect of some fish preservatives in the laboratory, such as alcohol and dilute formalin, on some biological characteristics related to the body measurements of those fish preserved in these materials. The fish used in this study were the local Planiliza abu. The processes of expansion and contraction of the bodies of fish preserved in diluted formalin solution at a concentration of 10% and diluted ethyl alcohol solution at a concentration of 70%. As that the standard length of the specimens of this study, which are separately preserved in formalin 10% and alcohol 70%, in a completely isolated are fluctuating in change. Constant shrinkage in head length in both diluted formalin and alcohol. Most fish bodies preserved in formalin at a concentration of 10% gain significant weight gain, in contrast to alcohol preservation.

Uso de probiótico em borregas mestiças Dorper suplementadas a pasto: desempenho e parâmetro ruminal

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Ricciardi Sbizera ◽  
José Victor Pronievicz Barreto ◽  
Daiene Mantovi Locoman ◽  
Michele Monteiro Sudak ◽  
Manuela Venturelli Finco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Na ovinocultura há a necessidade de se adaptar às novas tecnologias para obtenção de produtos com qualidade cada vez melhor. Os probióticos são suplementos alimentares contendo micro-organismos ruminais e intestinais viáveis que, em quantidade adequada, produzem efeitos benéficos na saúde dos pequenos ruminantes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e parâmetro ruminal, através do uso de probiótico, em borregas mestiças Dorper suplementadas a pasto. Foram utilizadas 57 borregas mestiças Dorper, com idade entre 6 a 12 meses, sendo separadas em dois grupos: GC (grupo controle), com 28 animais, e GT (grupo tratado), com 29 borregas. Todos permaneceram em dois piquetes contendo capim-estrela e capim Aruana, sendo que houve revezamento semanalmente entre os grupos para cada pastagem. Uma vez ao dia, os dois grupos receberam concentrado energético-proteico equivalente a 1,5% de peso vivo por animal, disponibilizada em cochos, e somente o GT recebeu probiótico em pó na quantidade de 5g por animal, misturado à ração. Realizou-se análise bromatológica dos pastos e concentrado. No dia inicial (D0) e final do experimento (D45), foi feita classificação do escore corporal. Os animais foram pesados no dia inicial (D0), dia 7 (D7), dia 15 (D15), dia 30 (D30) e no dia último dia (D45), obtendo-se o ganho médio de peso diário (GMPD) e o peso médio. Avaliou-se o suco ruminal no último dia do experimento (D45). Não houve diferença significativa no desempenho entre os grupos, entretanto, o parâmetro ruminal demonstrou resultados superiores no grupo tratado. Palavras-chave: Escore Corporal. Ganho de Peso Médio. Liquido Ruminal. Saccharomyces cerevisiaeAbstractIn sheep farming, farmers need to adapt to the new technologies to obtain better quality products. Probiotics are dietary supplements containing viable ruminal and intestinal microorganisms, which in adequate amount can produce beneficial effects on the small ruminants health. The aim of the study was to evaluate the permormance and ruminal parameter by probiotic use in crossbred Dorper lambs supplemented to pasture. 57 crossbreed Dorper lambs were used, aged 6 to 12 months and they were separated into two groups: GC (control group), with 28 animals, and TC (treated group) with 29 lambs. They remained in Cynodon plectostachyus and Panicum maximum cv. Aruana piquet and there was a weekly relay between groups for each pasture. Once a day both groups received concentrate equivalent to 1.5% of live weight per animal, available in troughs and only the GC received probiotic in the amount of 5g per animal, mixed with feed. A bromatological analysis of the pasture and concentrate was made. On the initial day (D0) and on the end of the experiment (D45), the body score was made in all animals. They were weighed on the initial day (D0), day 7 (D7), day 15 (D15), day 30 (D30) and on the last day of experiment (D45). The average weight gain and the mean weight were performed on all days of the experiment . The ruminal fluid was evaluated on the last day of the experiment (D45). There was no significant difference in performance between the groups and the ruminal parameter showed superior results in the treated group.Keywords: Body Score. Average Weight Gain. Ruminal Fluid. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN PADA SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE DI DESA PURWODADI DALAM DAN DESA WAWASAN, KECAMATAN TANJUNGSARI, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ega Kurniawan ◽  
Ali Husni ◽  
Sulastri Sulastri ◽  
Kusuma Adhianto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
One Year

This research aimed to compare the growth performance of Ongole Grade (PO) cattle in Purwodadi Dalam and Wawasan villages. This research was conducted from December 2019 to January 2020 at the People's Animal Husbandry Center, Wawasan Village and Purwodadi Dalam Village, Tanjungsari District, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. This study used a survey method (purposive sampling), using primary and secondary data. The observed variables were birth weight, weaning weight and yearling weight. The results showed that the average weight gain of PO cattle in the village of Wawasan was 84.33 � 19.18 kg / head, which was higher than that of Purwodadi Dalam, namely 80.17 � 19.49 kg / head. The body weight gain after weaning of PO cattle in Wawasan Village was 39.15 � 21.34 kg, higher than that in Purwodadi Dalam Village, namely 37.75 � 21.10 kg / head. The body weight gain from birth to one year of PO cattle in Wawasan Village was 123.49 � 26.26 kg / head, which was also higher than that in Purwodadi Dalam Village, namely 117.93 � 30.50 kg / head. The results also showed that the corrected weaning weight of PO cattle in Wawasan Village (122.40 � 23.20 kg / head) was higher than that in Purwodadi Dalam Village (121.24 � 22.86 kg / head), and the average body weight of one year old of PO cattle in Wawasan Village was 147.95 � 26.58 kg / head higher than that in Purwodadi Dalam Village with an average weight of 141.98 � 31.37 kg / head. The results of the current study concluded that the growth performance of PO cattle in Wawasan Village was better than those in Purwodadi Dalam Village. Keywords: Growth performance, Ongole Grade (PO) cattle, Weaning weight, Yearling weight

scholarly journals Body Image of Highly Trained Female Athletes Engaged in Different Types of Sport

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kantanista ◽  
Agata Glapa ◽  
Adrianna Banio ◽  
Wiesław Firek ◽  
Anna Ingarden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Young Female ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Training Background

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in body image across different types of sports in highly trained female athletes. Methods. 242 female individuals, aged 13–30 years (M=20.0, SD = 4.5), representing aesthetic sports (n=56) and nonaesthetic sports (n=186), were recruited from different sports clubs in Poland. Body image, BMI, age, the level of competition attained, and the training background of participants were recorded. Results. One-way ANOVA showed differences in the body image of athletes engaged in different types of sport (F(11,230)=4.10, p<0.001, and η2=0.16). The model predicting the body image of female athletes was significant (F(5,236)=10.40, p<0.001); the adjusted R2=0.163. Type of sport explained 7.1% (β=–0.263, p<0.001), age explained 4.5% (β=0.341,p<0.001), BMI explained 3.6% (β=–0.230,p<0.001), and level of competition explained 0.9% (β=0.153, p<0.05) of variance in body image. Conclusions. The findings provide vital new knowledge which can be used by researchers and practitioners in designing educational programs on weight-related behaviors in female athletes. Such programs should be implemented especially in young female athletes participating in high-level sporting activities at an early stage.

scholarly journals Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Signaling in the Hypothalamus: Mechanisms Related to Nicotine’s Effects on Food Intake

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cali A Calarco ◽  
Marina R Picciotto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine ◽  
Preclinical Work

Abstract Despite health risks associated with smoking, up to 20% of the US population persist in this behavior; many smoke to control body weight or appetite, and fear of post-cessation weight gain can motivate continued smoking. Nicotine and tobacco use is associated with lower body weight, and cessation yields an average weight gain of about 4 kg, which is thought to reflect a return to the body weight of a typical nonsmoker. Nicotine replacement therapies can delay this weight gain but do not prevent it altogether, and the underlying mechanism for how nicotine is able to reduce weight is not fully understood. In rodent models, nicotine reduces weight gain, reduces food consumption, and alters energy expenditure, but these effects vary with duration and route of nicotine administration. Nicotine, acting through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), increases the firing rate of both orexigenic agouti-related peptide and anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). Manipulation of nAChR subunit expression within the ARC can block the ability of nicotine and the nicotinic agonist cytisine from decreasing food intake; however, it is unknown exactly how this reduces food intake. This review summarizes the clinical and preclinical work on nicotine, food intake, and weight gain, then explores the feeding circuitry of the ARC and how it is regulated by nicotine. Finally, we propose a novel hypothesis for how nicotine acts on this hypothalamic circuit to reduce food intake. Implications: This review provides a comprehensive and updated summary of the clinical and preclinical work examining nicotine and food intake, as well as a summary of recent work examining feeding circuits of the hypothalamus. Synthesis of these two topics has led to new understanding of how nAChR signaling regulates food intake circuits in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals Investigating operator vibration exposure time of 13 hp power tiller fuelled by diesel and biodiesel blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Heidary ◽  
S.R. Hassan-Beygi ◽  
B. Ghobadian
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Power Tiller ◽  
High Level

One of the most useful agricultural machinery is power tiller; this kind of tractor is widely used in small fields. The operators of this kind of machinery are exposed to high level of vibration. Long time working with these machinery causes dynamic disorders, damaging different parts of the body, digestion disorders and vascular diseases. In this research, vibration acceleration of 13hppower tiller was collected in 5 levels of engine speed and 6 kinds of consumed fuel blends investigating the power tiller vibration exposure time. The data were analyzed by factorial tests with completely random design. The results showed that reciprocal effect of fuel and engine speed are prominent in 1% level. The working conditions of the power tiller operator fall into the highest class of risk according to ISO 5349-2 (2001) and in less than 4 years White Finger Syndrome may have induced in 10% of operators. Results of experiments revealed that the exposure time decreases with increase in engine speed especially in 1,800 and 2,200 rpm. The reason is the vibration intensification that happened in handle of power tiller in 1,800 rpm engine speed so it reduced the exposure time severely. The latency period for the appearance of vibration-induced White Finger Syndrom in biodiesel 10%, 15% and 20%, respectively, so using diesel fuel can be replaced by these three kinds of fuel in power tillers.

scholarly journals Hyperandrogenism as a side effect of anticonvulsants

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
E. V. Tsallagova ◽  
V. O. Generalov ◽  
T. R. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cycle Disorders

Aim: confirm the connection between hyperandrogenism and side effects of antiepileptic drugs in women. Materials andMethods. Body weight, the menstrual cycle periodicity and the blood concentration of dihydrotestosterone were monitored in 278 women taking various antiepileptic drugs (valproic  acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, topiramate, and levetiracetam). The measurements were made at 3, 6, and 12 month after the treatment began.Results. Among women taking valproic acid for 12 months, the average weight gain was 14.4%,  and in the group of carbamazepine – 5.4%. In women taking lamotrigine and levetiracetam, the  weight gain did not exceed 1.2%. With topiramate, a decrease in the body weight by 1.4% was  found. Among women taking valproic acid, the occurrence rate of menstrual cycle disorders increased by 64.9% after 12 months of treatment. In women taking carbamazepine the  increase was 22.6%. In the other groups, this increase did not exceed 3.7%. The occurrence of  menstrual cycle disorders correlated with an increase in the level of dihydrotestosterone. In women taking valproic acid, an increase in the concentration of blood dihydrotestosterone from 256.8  pg/ml to 526.32 pg/ml was found at the time-point of 12 months. In the group taking carbamazepine, an increase in the concentration of dihydrotestosterone from 268.4 pg/ml to 354.4 pg/ml was noted. In the other groups, fluctuations in the concentration of dihydrotestosterone were insignificant.Conclusion. The body weight gain and the menstrual cycle disorders during anticonvulsant therapy are associated with hyperandrogenism.

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