scholarly journals Detrimental Effect of Ozone on Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Karyne Rangel ◽  
Fellipe O. Cabral ◽  
Guilherme C. Lechuga ◽  
João P. R. S. Carvalho ◽  
Maria H. S. Villas-Bôas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Minimal Concentration

(1) Background: Disinfection of medical devices designed for clinical use associated or not with the growing area of tissue engineering is an urgent need. However, traditional disinfection methods are not always suitable for some biomaterials, especially those sensitive to chemical, thermal, or radiation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the minimal concentration of ozone gas (O3) necessary to control and kill a set of sensitive or multi-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The cell viability, membrane permeability, and the levels of reactive intracellular oxygen (ROS) species were also investigated; (2) Material and Methods: Four standard strains and a clinical MDR strain were exposed to low doses of ozone at different concentrations and times. Bacterial inactivation (cultivability, membrane damage) was investigated using colony counts, resazurin as a metabolic indicator, and propidium iodide (PI). A fluorescent probe (H2DCFDA) was used for the ROS analyses; (3) Results: No reduction in the count colony was detected after O3 exposure compared to the control group. However, the cell viability of E. coli (30%), P. aeruginosa (25%), and A. baumannii (15%) was reduced considerably. The bacterial membrane of all strains was not affected by O3 but presented a significant increase of ROS in E. coli (90 ± 14%), P. aeruginosa (62.5 ± 19%), and A. baumanni (52.6 ± 5%); (4) Conclusion: Low doses of ozone were able to interfere in the cell viability of most strains studied, and although it does not cause damage to the bacterial membrane, increased levels of reactive ROS are responsible for causing a detrimental effect in the lipids, proteins, and DNA metabolism.

scholarly journals Detrimental Effect of Ozone on Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyne Rangel ◽  
Felipe O Cabral ◽  
Guilherme Curty Lechuga ◽  
João P.R.S. Carvalho ◽  
Maria H.S. Villas-Bôas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bacterial Membrane ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Minimal Concentration

(1) Background: Disinfection of medical devices designed for clinical use associated or not with the growing area of tissue engineering is an urgent need. However, traditional disinfection methods are not always suitable for some biomaterials, especially those sensitive to chemical, thermal, or radiation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the minimal concentration of ozone gas (O3) necessary to control and kill a set of sensitive or multi-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The cell viability, membrane permeability, and the levels of reactive intracellular oxygen (ROS) species were also investigated; (2) Material and Methods: Four standard strains and a clinical MDR strain were exposed to low doses of ozone at different concentrations and times. Bacterial inactivation (cultivability, membrane damage) was investigated using colony counts, resazurin as a metabolic indicator, and propidium iodide (PI). A fluorescent probe (H2DCFDA) was used for the ROS analyses; (3) Results: No reduction in the count colony was detected after O3 exposure, compared to the control group. However, the cell viability of E. coli (30%), P. aeruginosa (25%), and A. baumannii (15%) was reduced considerably. The bacterial membrane of all strains was not affected by O3 but presented a significant increase of ROS in E. coli (90 ± 14%), P. aeruginosa (62.5 ± 19%), and A. baumanni (52.6 ± 5%); (4) Conclusion: Low doses of ozone were able to interfere in the cell viability of most strains studied, and although it does not cause damage to the bacterial membrane, increased levels of reactive ROS are responsible for causing a detrimental effect in the lipids, proteins, and DNA metabolism.

Exposure-Dependent Antimicrobial Activity and Oxidative Properties of Polymer-Based Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 947 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Jem Valerie D. Perez ◽  
Joy Vanessa D. Perez ◽  
Raniv D. Rojo ◽  
Maria Lourdes P. Dalida ◽  
Debora F. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Dynamic Contact ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Species Production

Bacterial proliferation and biofilm formation has emerged as a significant concern in the long-term use of industrial apparatus. This study describes the antimicrobial properties of a novel chitosan-polyethyleneimine-graphene oxide (CS-PEI-GO) nanocomposite against E. coli. The nanocomposite is a stable material with minimal dispersibility in storage water after more than 7 days. The antimicrobial activity is contact-time-dependent, with direct contact (92% bacterial inactivation after 3h exposure) having superior results compared with dynamic contact (~50% inactivation after 3h exposure). In addition, the incorporation of GO also translated to enhanced production of ROS—oxidation of GSH was higher in CS-PEI-GO (31.78%) as compared to CS-PEI alone (5.69%). This may be attributed to previously proposed mechanisms of mechanical membrane damage and reactive oxygen species production that may be more pronounced with prolonged contact. This may be due to the positively charged chitosan and the negatively charged cell membrane facilitating the coating of cells that could allow the oxygen-containing functional groups of GO to induce oxidative stress and lead to cell death.

Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella in Cranberry, Lemon, and Lime Juice Concentrates

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1637-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARA C. L. NOGUEIRA ◽  
OMAR A. OYARZÁBAL ◽  
DAVID E. GOMBAS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
Lime Juice ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
C 32

The production of thermally concentrated fruit juices uses temperatures high enough to achieve at least a 5-log reduction of pathogenic bacteria that can occur in raw juice. However, the transportation and storage of concentrates at low temperatures prior to final packaging is a common practice in the juice industry and introduces a potential risk for postconcentration contamination with pathogenic bacteria. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the likelihood of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella surviving in cranberry, lemon, and lime juice concentrates at or above temperatures commonly used for transportation or storage of these concentrates. This study demonstrates that cranberry, lemon, and lime juice concentrates possess intrinsic antimicrobial properties that will eliminate these bacterial pathogens in the event of postconcentration recontamination. Bacterial inactivation was demonstrated under all conditions; at least 5-log Salmonella inactivation was consistently demonstrated at −23°C (−10°F), at least 5-log E. coli O157:H7 inactivation was consistently demonstrated at −11°C (12°F), and at least 5-log L. monocytogenes inactivation was consistently demonstrated at 0°C (32°F).

scholarly journals Effect of Feed Supplemented With Vitamin C on Microbial Flora of Swine Faeces and Blood Morphology

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Beata Trawińska ◽  
Jerzy Lechowski ◽  
Antoni Polonis ◽  
Marta Kowaleczko
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The studies involved gilts 6 weeks pre-partum allocated into the control and experimental groups. The experimental group received vitamin C at the dose of 2.5g/100 kg b.w./day. Faeces for analyses were collected for 3- and 6- week period of vitamin C dietary inclusion. The faecal material underwent quantitative and qualitative bacteriological evaluation. The count of Enterobacteriaceae was evaluated. The qualitative examination of these bacteria was made using the micro-plate method API 20E. Feed supplemented with vitamin C contributed to a statistically significant decline of the total bacterial count of Enterobacteriaceae in faeces. The qualitative bacterial analyses showed the presence of E. coli, Providecia sp., Proteus sp., and Salmonella sp. in the control and experimental groups. Enterobacter sp. was recovered only in the control group, while Lactobacillus sp. in the experimental group. The dietary administration of vitamin C significantly decreased the number of the studied bacterial species, except Salmonella rods. No statistically significant differences in the number of most blood morphotic elements following the 6- week supply of vitamin C were found; only the granulocyte count significantly increased, while lymphocyte numbers declined. Ascorbic acid inhibited the growth of pathogenic intestinal flora and reduced the pathogenic and relatively pathogenic bacteria count in the gastrointestinal tract and notably contributed to enhanced growth of beneficial bacteria.

scholarly journals Effects of photobiomodulation on the growth of intestinal bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e56810817103
Author(s):  
Carolina Supino ◽  
Cristina Pacheco-Soares ◽  
Newton Soares da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Necrosis ◽  
E Coli

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease that occurs in newborns, more commonly in preterm infants. It is the leading cause of death from gastrointestinal diseases in neonates, and is characterized by the development of diffuse intestinal necrosis in premature infants subjected to stress. The high incidence and lack of effective treatment strategies suggest that new approaches to treating the disease are needed. It is in this context that the possibility of using photobiomodulation as a therapeutic modality arises. However, studies on the use of photobiomodulation in intestinal bacteria are scarce. To study the effect of photobiomodulation used in clinical parameters on the growth of bacteria commonly present in the newborn microbiota. Four strains of bacteria were chosen to be studied, two belonging to healthy intestinal microbiota, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri, and two pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria were cultivated in planktonic growth and irradiated with LED at a wavelength of 660 nm and a power density of 0.025 W/cm2, at fluences of 1, 5 and 10 J/cm2. The evaluation of cell growth was performed through absorbance readings in the periods of 4h, 24h and 48h after irradiation. The growth of L. acidophilus, L. reuteri and S. aureus did not undergo biomodulation in any of the fluences. The growth of E. coli was stimulated at 1 J/cm2 when compared to the Control group, with statistical significance (p<0.005). In the other fluencies there was no biostimulation for the E. coli bacteria. The use of a wavelength of 660 nm in the fluences of 5 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 in the studied bacteria did not lead to a significant change in the growth rate.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN Lactobacillus TERHADAP GAMBARAN MIKROSKOPIS MUKOSA USUS HALUS TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINFEKSI DENGAN Escherichia coli

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steviany Towoliu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Microscopic Features

Abstract: E. coli is part of the normal flora of the human and animal intestine and is commonly non pathogenic. However, one of the serotypes of this bacteria, which is enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), can cause primary infection on the intestine such diarrhea.  The growth of pathogenic bacteria in diarrheal patients can be inhibited by Lactobacillus.  Lactobacillus can function as probiotic which can affect the immune system of the digestive canals.  In addition, Lactobacillus also produce mucus  which can act as barrier to the pathogens.  The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of the administration of Lactobacillus on the microscopic features of the mucosa of the intestine of wistar rats infected by Escherichia coli.  This study was a laboratory experimental research employing 16 wistar rats divided into the control group (4 rats) and three treatment groups (12 rats) consisting of 4 rats each.  Results showed that; in group I the histological features were normal, in group II part of the epithelium of the mucosa showed erosion, dilatation of the capillary vessels, and many lymphosites were observed, in group III the epithelium of the mucosa was intact and the number of lymphosites was liitle, and in group IV the surface of the epithelium was intact, the presence of cell regeneration indicated by the increase number of goblet cells and a small number of  lymphocyes. Conclusions: The administration of after infection by E. coli has benefial effects indicated by the improvement of epithelial cells and the absence of denudation of the epithelium of the intestine. Keywords: E.coli, Lactobacillus, intestinal mucosa.   Abstrak: E.coli merupakan flora normal usus halus manusia dan hewan umumnya tidak menyebabkan penyakit.  Namun salah satu serotipe E.coli yaitu E.coli Enteropatogenik (EPEK) bersifat patogen dan dapat menyebabkan infeksi primer pada usus misalnya diare.  Pertumbuhan bakteri patogen pada pasien diare dapat dihambat oleh Lactobacillus. Lactobacillus merupakan probiotik yang akan mempengaruhi sistem imun saluran cerna serta memproduksi mukus yang berfungsi sebagai penghalang saluran cerna terhadap bakteri patogen.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efek pemberian Lactobacillus terhadap gambaran mikroskopis mukosa usus halus tikus wistar yang diinfeksi dengan Escherichia coli.  Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik.  Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 16 ekor tikur wistar yang dibagi dalam kelompok kontrol (4 ekor) dan kelompok  perlakuan (12 ekor) dibagi dalam 3 kelompok masing-masing 4 ekor.  Hasil penelitian kelompok I dengan gambaran histologik jaringan usus normal, kelompok II sebagian epitel mukosa usus halus terlihat erosi,  ada pelebaran pembuluh darah kapiler, dan banyak limfosit, kelompok III dengan permukaan epitel mukosa yang utuh dan jumlah limfosit sedikit, dan kelompok IV dengan permukaan epitel yang utuh, adanya regenerasi sel ditandai dengan bertambahnya sel goblet, dan sedikit limfosit.  Simpulan: Pemberian Lactobacillus setelah diberikan E.coli memberi efek yang baik berupa perbaikan sel epitel permukaan dan tidak terlihat denudasi epitel permukaan usus halus. Kata Kunci: E.coli, Lactobacillus, mukosa usus halus.

scholarly journals High-Zinc Supplementation of Weaned Piglets Affects Frequencies of Virulence and Bacteriocin Associated Genes Among Intestinal Escherichia coli Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa C. Johanns ◽  
Lennard Epping ◽  
Torsten Semmler ◽  
Fereshteh Ghazisaeedi ◽  
Antina Lübke-Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Zinc Tolerance ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Zinc

To prevent economic losses due to post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in industrial pig production, zinc (Zn) feed additives have been widely used, especially since awareness has risen that the regular application of antibiotics promotes buildup of antimicrobial resistance in both commensal and pathogenic bacteria. In a previous study on 179 Escherichia coli collected from piglets sacrificed at the end of a Zn feeding trial, including isolates obtained from animals of a high-zinc fed group (HZG) and a corresponding control group (CG), we found that the isolate collection exhibited three different levels of tolerance toward zinc, i.e., the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) detected was 128, followed by 256 and 512 μg/ml ZnCl2. We further provided evidence that enhanced zinc tolerance in porcine intestinal E. coli populations is clearly linked to excessive zinc feeding. Here we provide insights about the genomic make-up and phylogenetic background of these 179 E. coli genomes. Bayesian analysis of the population structure (BAPS) revealed a lack of association between the actual zinc tolerance level and a particular phylogenetic E. coli cluster or even branch for both, isolates belonging to the HZG and CG. In addition, detection rates for genes and operons associated with virulence (VAG) and bacteriocins (BAG) were lower in isolates originating from the HZG (41 vs. 65% and 22 vs. 35%, p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.002, resp.). Strikingly, E. coli harboring genes defining distinct pathotypes associated with intestinal disease, i.e., enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (ETEC, EPEC, and STEC) constituted 1% of the isolates belonging to the HZG but 14% of those from the CG. Notably, these pathotypes were positively associated with enhanced zinc tolerance (512 μg/ml ZnCl2 MIC, p &lt; 0.001). Taken together, zinc excess seems to influence carriage rates of VAGs and BAGs in porcine intestinal E. coli populations, and high-zinc feeding is negatively correlated with enteral pathotype occurrences, which might explain earlier observations concerning the relative increase of Enterobacterales considering the overall intestinal microbiota of piglets during zinc feeding trials while PWD rates have decreased.

scholarly journals Effect of probiotics in the pig nutrition on the pathogenic bacteria counts in the gut

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1839-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavla Pospíšková ◽  
Gabriela Zorníková ◽  
Miroslava Kolářová ◽  
Zbyšek Sládek ◽  
Tomáš Komprda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Pig Husbandry

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a probiotic culture in the digestive tract of sows. Two groups of healthy sows with 40 animals each were fed a standard feed three weeks after weaning. From the beginning of the fourth week (day 0), one group received the same diet enriched with the probiotic monoculture ofEnterococcus faeciumSF 68, the second (control) group was given the same diet without probiotics. The samples of faeces were collected (to the sterile containers) at days 0, 15, 30 (end of the probiotic consumption) and 40 (end of the wash-out period), respectively. In the probiotic group, significant decrease (P < 0.05) of numbers ofE. coliandClostridiumspp. in faeces was found. The results indicate a positive effect of probiotics consumption on the digestive tract of sows and it can be used for a decrease of the incidence of the diarrhoeic diseases that are frequent in the pig husbandry.

scholarly journals Microbiome Analysis Reveals the Attenuation Effect of Lactobacillus From Yaks on Diarrhea via Modulation of Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailong Dong ◽  
Bingxian Liu ◽  
Aoyun Li ◽  
Mudassar Iqbal ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
E Coli

Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) are indigenous to the Tibetan Plateau and display a high diarrhea rate due to poor habitat and husbandry conditions. Lactobacillus has been shown to exert beneficial effects as antimicrobial, growth promotion, and gut microbiota in humans and/or murine models, but the relevant data regarding Lactobacillus isolated from yaks was unavailable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus from yaks on the intestinal microbial community in a mouse model and determine whether Lactobacillus supplementation contributed in alleviating diarrhea by modulating gut microbiota. A total of 12 ileac samples from four groups were collected for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of V3-V4 region. Results revealed that although Lactobacillus supplementation did not change the diversity of gut microbiota in mice, the proportion of some intestinal microbiota significantly changed. Specifically, the proportion of Lactobacillus and Sphingomonas in the Lactobacillus treated-group (L-group) were increased as compared to control group (C-group), whereas Pantoea, Cutibacterium, Glutamicibacter, Turicibacter, Globicatella, Microbacterium, Facklamia, unidentified_Corynebacteriaceae, Brachybacterium, and Staphylococcus were significantly decreased in the L-group. In contrast, Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection significantly decreased the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as Globicatella, Acinetobacter, Aerococcus, and Comamonas, while loads of pathogenic bacteria significantly increased including Roseburia and Megasphaera. Interestingly, Lactobacillus administration could ameliorate the microbial community structure of E. coli-induced diarrheal mice by reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Paenibacillus, Aerococcus, Comamonas, Acinetobacter, Corynebacterium, Facklamia, and Globicatella. Results in this study revealed that Lactobacillus supplementation not only improved the gut microbiota but also alleviated diarrhea in mice, which may be mediated by modulating the composition and function of gut microbiota. Moreover, this study is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for the establishment of a preventive and treatment system for diarrhea in yaks.

Comparison between electroporation and polyfection in pig sperm: efficiency and cell viability implications

Zygote ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zigomar da Silva ◽  
Andressa Pereira de Souza ◽  
José Rodrigo Claudio Pandolfi ◽  
Francisco Noé da Fonseca ◽  
Carlos André da Veiga Lima-Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Transfection Efficacy ◽  
Time Flow

SummaryThe aim of this study was to optimize protocols for electroporation (EP) and polyfection (PLF) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) for pig sperm transfection and to determine which method was the most efficient. For EP standardization, different voltages, amounts and times of electric pulses were tested using propidium iodide (PI) as reporter. For PLF standardization, different concentrations of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled PEI (PEI/FITC) were incubated with sperm for different periods of time. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the best protocol in terms of cell viability, including cytoplasmic membrane, acrosome, chromatin integrities and mitochondrial potential using the FITC probe, PI, acridine orange (AO) and JC1. Transfections with the plasmid pmhyGENIE-5 were carried out under optimum conditions for each procedure (EP: 500 volts, 500 μs and two pulses; PLF: PEI 0.5 mg/ml and incubation time 10 min). Transfection efficacy was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). A lower transfection rate was observed for sperm in the control group (17.8%) compared with EP (36.7%), with PLF (76.8%) being the most efficient. These results suggest that the EP and PEI could be an efficient and low cost transfection method for swine sperm. Notably, treated cells showed higher plasmatic the membrane damage (PMD) and/or acrosome damage (AD) indexes, therefore the combination of this procedure with biotechniques that facilitate fecundation (i.e. in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection) or even inclusion of antioxidant or anti-apoptotic drugs to improve spermatozoa viability would be important.

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