scholarly journals Er:YAG Laser Irradiation Reduces Microbial Viability When Used in Combination with Irrigation with Sodium Hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine, and Hydrogen Peroxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Golob Deeb ◽  
John Smith ◽  
B. Ross Belvin ◽  
Janina Lewis ◽  
Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Viability ◽  
Microbial Viability

The erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser is used to treat periodontal disease; however, its effectiveness at killing oral bacteria is not well known. Furthermore, the compounding effect of the combination of a laser treatment and irrigation methods with antimicrobials on bacterial viability is yet to be determined. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the Er:YAG laser with irrigation using chlorhexidine (CHX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the viability of oral bacteria. Three bacterial species were used in our study: Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Bacteria were grown in an anaerobic chamber in brain heart infusion broth and incubated at 37 °C. Bacterial samples with an OD of 0.5 were irradiated with the Er:YAG laser at 2940 nm using a 400-µm Varian tip. The experiment was repeated four times using these parameters: 40 mJ, 40 Hz, and 1.6 W for 20 seconds with the 300 µs short pulse duration in contact mode. Treatment groups consisted of the following: (1) no treatment, (2) 0.5% H2O2 alone, (3) 0.5% NaOCl alone, (4) 0.03% CHX alone, (5) Er:YAG irradiation alone, (6) Er:YAG irradiation with 0.5% H2O2, (7) Er:YAG irradiation with 0.5% NaOCl, and (8) Er:YAG irradiation with 0.03% CHX. Microbial viability was determined through plating and colony counts and calculated into CFU/ml. Statistical analysis was done using a two-tailed paired t-test. The use of the Er:YAG laser alone failed to show statistically significant antibacterial activity against any of bacteria. The most effective mono-treatment with irrigation solutions for all three bacteria were 0.5% H2O2 and 0.5% NaOCl (p < 0.001 for each solution). Irrigation with 0.03% CHX was most effective against F. nucleatum (p < 0.01) and less against P. gingivalis and S. gordonii and showed the least antibacterial action alone but improved significantly in combination therapy (p < 0.05). The combined treatment with the Er:YAG showed the greatest and most significant improvement in the reduction of bacterial viability compared to any other treatment group (p < 0.05 for each combined treatment). Irradiation with the Er:YAG laser with the addition of 0.5% H2O2, 0.5% NaOCl, or 0.03% CHX under a short working time (20 s) resulted in a significant reduction of bacterial viability for all three bacterial species compared with any single treatment option. The combination of irradiation with the Er:YAG laser with the addition of 0.5% H2O2, 0.5% NaOCl, or 0.03% CHX resulted in a larger reduction of bacterial survival when compared to monotherapies with antimicrobial solutions or laser. The combination of the Er:YAG laser with a low concentration irrigant solution of 0.5% H2O2, 0.5% NaOCl, or 0.03% CHX could be an effective treatment protocol for the reduction of periodontal pathogens and thus suitable treatment for non-surgical periodontal therapy.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Cold Sterilization Techniques on Routinely used Carbide Burs and Diamond Points

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Suganthi Ranganathan ◽  
Chaitra Koppal Renukanath
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to compare the various cold sterilization techniques for sterilizing dental burs and diamond points by assessing the microbial growth in culture media on them before and after sterilization. Materials and methods The following four disinfectants were used: 2% glutaraldehyde, 5.2% sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, and 70% ethanol. There were two main groups taken as group I-carbide burs and group II-diamond burs. A total of 48 samples were collected, 12 samples per disinfectant. Each sample has two burs collected from same patient. One acts as control group which means only microbial count was deter- mined without disinfection. The other one would be determined as microbial count before and after disinfection. The microbial assessment was done using brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and counted by plating in chocolate blood agar and MacConkey agar. Results The obtained results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and post hoc test. The results revealed that there was statistically significant difference between sodium hypochlorite and surgical spirit, sodium hypochlo- rite and hydrogen peroxide. There was no statistically significant difference between sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde. Conclusion The results of this study revealed that sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde are most effective than hydro- gen peroxide, and surgical spirit is the least effective disinfectant. However, there was clinical significance in level of disinfection of all four disinfectants. How to cite this article Ranganathan S, Manvi S, Gopalakrishna S, Renukanath CK. Comparison of Various Cold Sterilization Tech- niques on Routinely used Carbide Burs and Diamond Points. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(3):97-102.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Response of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to Oxidative Stress

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 6110-6123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyun Wang ◽  
Kaiping Deng ◽  
Sam Zaremba ◽  
Xiangyu Deng ◽  
Chiahui Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Cluster Assembly ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Chlorinated water is commonly used in industrial operations to wash and sanitize fresh-cut, minimally processed produce. Here we compared 42 human outbreak strains that represented nine distinct Escherichia coli O157:H7 genetic lineages (or clades) for their relative resistance to chlorine treatment. A quantitative measurement of resistance was made by comparing the extension of the lag phase during growth of each strain under exposure to sublethal concentrations of sodium hypochlorite in Luria-Bertani or brain heart infusion broth. Strains in clade 8 showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher resistance to chlorine than strains from other clades of E. coli O157:H7. To further explore how E. coli O157:H7 responds to oxidative stress at transcriptional levels, we analyzed the global gene expression profiles of two strains, TW14359 (clade 8; associated with the 2006 spinach outbreak) and Sakai (clade 1; associated with the 1996 radish sprout outbreak), under sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide treatment. We found over 380 genes were differentially expressed (more than twofold; P < 0.05) after exposure to low levels of chlorine or hydrogen peroxide. Significantly upregulated genes included several regulatory genes responsive to oxidative stress, genes encoding putative oxidoreductases, and genes associated with cysteine biosynthesis, iron-sulfur cluster assembly, and antibiotic resistance. Identification of E. coli O157:H7 strains with enhanced resistance to chlorine decontamination and analysis of their transcriptomic response to oxidative stress may improve our basic understanding of the survival strategy of this human enteric pathogen on fresh produce during minimal processing.

An In Vitro Analysis of Sodium Hypochlorite Decontamination for the Reuse of Implant Healing Abutments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Almehmadi
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Streptococcus Sanguis ◽  
Implant Dentistry ◽  
Vitro Analysis

Abstract The re-use of healing abutments (HAs) has become common practice in implant dentistry for economic concerns and the aim of this in-vitro study was to assess the effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in decontamination of HAs. 122 HAs (Used and sterilized n=107; New n=15) were procured from 3 centers, of which 3 samples were discarded due to perforation in sterilization pouch.  For sterility assessment, the used HAs (n=80) were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), bacterial isolates were identified in 7 samples. Also, 24 used HAs were stained with Phloxine B, photographed and compared to new HAs (n=5). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) assessed the differences between the two sets of HAs, following which the 7 contaminated HAs along with 24 used HAs from staining experiment (Total=31) were subsequently treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and SEM images were observed. About 8.75% of HAs tested positive in bacterial culture; Streptococcus sanguis, Dermabacter hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Aspergillus species were isolated. Phloxine B staining was positive for used and sterilized HAs when compared to controls. The SEM images revealed deposits in the used HAs and although treatment with NaOCl eliminated the contamination of cultured HAs, the SEM showed visible debris in the HA thread region. This in-vitro study concluded that SEM images showed debris in used HAs at screw-hole and thread regions even though they tested negative in bacterial culture. The treatment with NaOCl of used HAs showed no bacterial contamination but the debris was observed in SEM images. Future studies on the chemical composition, biological implications, and clinical influence is warranted before considering the reuse of HAs.

Assessment of Bacterial Contamination of Orthodontic Arch wire

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Suha S Hassan ◽  
Nidhal H. Ghaib ◽  
Batool H Al-Ghurabi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Droplet Transmission

Background: The microorganisms can impend the life of health care professional and particularly the dental practitioners. They can be transmitted by different ways like airborne and droplet transmission. The current study was carried out to identify whether the arch wires that received from the manufactures are free from microbial contamination and to determine the bacterial species attached to the arch wires. Materials and Methods: This study involved eighty samples, consisted of two types of arch wires (nitinol and stainless-steel) from four companies (3M, G&H, Jiscop, OrthoTechnology). These wires inserted in a plane tube that contains 10 -ml of (Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tris-EDTA and brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. A 0.1 ml was withdrawn from the tube and spread on agar plates. The control groups consist of 16 plane tube (8 tubes with tris-EDTA and other 8 tubes with (BHI). Results: Microbial sampling yielded growth from 5 of the 80 arch wires. The predominant bacteria that isolated were Bacillus spp. No growth was recovered from 75 of the samples and from controls. The bacteria were isolated by BHI reagent and no growth was observed by tris-EDTA reagent with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The Bacillus spp. found only in the G&H and Jiscop companies, however, no statistically significant difference was found among them (P>0.05). With regard to the presence and distribution of bacteria according to the types of wires, the present results clarified that cases of contamination with Bacillus spp. were found in the nitinol arch wires with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results of the current study revealed low count of bacterial contamination in the two types of companies (G&H and Jiscop). Not all materials that received from the manufactures are free from contamination and an effective sterilization regimen is needed to avoid cross-contamination.

DIVERSITY OF CULTURABLE BACTERIAL MICROBIOTA OF THE Eisenia foetida DIGESTIVE TRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Abraham Pérez-Pérez ◽  
David Espinosa-Victoria ◽  
Hilda V. Silva-Rojas ◽  
Lucía López-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽  
Earthworm Gut

Bacteria are an unavoidable component of the natural earthworm diet; thus, bacterial diversity in the earthworm gut is directly linked to decomposition of organic matter and development of the surrounding plants. The aim of this research was to isolate and to identify biochemically and molecularly the culturable bacterial microbiota of the digestive tract of Eisenia foetida. Earthworms were sourced from Instituto de Reconversión Productiva y Bioenergética (IRBIO) and Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS), México. Bacterial isolation was carried out on plates of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) culture medium. Fifty six and 44 bacterial isolates were obtained from IRBIO and COLPOS, respectively. The population was composed of 44 Gram-negative and 56 Gram-positive isolates. Over 50 % of the bacterial isolates were rod-shaped cells. The 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and nine genera were identified in worms from IRBIO (Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Solibacillus, Staphylococcus, Arthrobacter, Pantoea, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas) and six in worms from COLPOS (Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Stenotrophomonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas). Bacillus was the predominant genus, with eight and six species in the oligochaetes from IRBIO and COLPOS, respectively. The most represented bacteria in the worms from both sites were Bacillus sp. and B. subtilis. The predominance of Bacillus was probably due to spore formation, a reproductive strategy that ensures survival and dispersion in the soil and oligochaetes digestive tract. The gut of E. foetida not only harbored bacterial species of agronomic importance but also species potentially pathogenic for humans (Staphylococcus warneri, Pantoea agglomerans and Stentrophomonas sp.). The larger bacterial diversity in worms from IRBIO could be due to their feeding on cattle manure, which is a rich source of bacteria.

Low-Level Laser Therapy as a Coadjuvant in Sodium Hypochlorite Extrusion Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Ened Rodríguez Zaragoza
Keyword(s):  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Low Level Laser ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Severe Tissue

Aim: The extrusion of sodium hypochlorite through the apical foramen is an accident that can occur during the endodontic treatment although is relatively uncommon, Due to the severe tissue damage that is caused by the solution, the management becomes important to prevent serious sequalae. Low-level laser therapy might be useful to treat damaged soft tissues because of its bio modulatory effects, which may reduce edema and prevent infection. Methods: In this clinical case, the accidental leakage of 5% sodium hypochlorite during the preparation of the root canal of an upper left canine is reported. The accident caused immediate and intense pain and severe edema and ecchymosis. The conventional treatment protocol was applied along with low-level laser therapy. Results: Clinical examination revealed the healing of soft tissue in thirteen days, besides a significant pain reduction in three days after laser therapy was applied. Conclusion: The combination of low-level laser therapy with a conventional treatment protocol could be a useful tool to manage such an accident.

Development of a Cavity Disinfectant Containing Antibacterial Monomer MDPB

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hirose ◽  
R. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Maezono ◽  
A. Mine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adhesive Resin Cement

An experimental cavity disinfectant (ACC) that is intended to be used for various direct and indirect restorations was prepared by adding an antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinum bromide (MDPB) at 5% into 80% ethanol. The antibacterial effectiveness of ACC and its influences on the bonding abilities of resin cements were investigated. To examine the antibacterial activity of unpolymerized MDPB, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined for Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Parvimonas micra, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Antibacterial activities of ACC and the commercial cavity disinfectant containing 2% chlorhexidine and ethanol (CPS) were evaluated by agar disk diffusion tests through 7 bacterial species and by MIC and MBC measurement for S. mutans. The effects of ACC and CPS to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules were compared with an S. mutans–infected dentin model. Shear bond strength tests were used to examine the influences of ACC on the dentin-bonding abilities of a self-adhesive resin cement and a dual-cure resin cement used with a primer. Unpolymerized MDPB showed strong antibacterial activity against 7 oral bacteria. ACC produced inhibition zones against all bacterial species similar to CPS. For ACC and CPS, the MIC value for S. mutans was identical, and the MBC was similar with only a 1-step dilution difference (1:2). Treatment of infected dentin with ACC resulted in significantly greater bactericidal effects than CPS ( P < 0.05, analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference test). ACC showed no negative influences on the bonding abilities to dentin for both resin cements, while CPS reduced the bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement ( P < 0.05). This study clarified that the experimental cavity disinfectant containing 5% MDPB is more effective in vitro than the commercially available chlorhexidine solution to eradicate bacteria in dentin, without causing any adverse influences on the bonding abilities of resinous luting cements.

Effects of Low-energy Shock Waves on Oral Bacteria

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 928-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.F. Novak ◽  
M. Govindaswami ◽  
J.L. Ebersole ◽  
W. Schaden ◽  
N. House ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Shock Wave Therapy ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Bacterial Aggregates ◽  
Viability Determination

We have recently demonstrated that extracorporeal shock-wave therapy (ESWT) is effective in promoting the healing of dermal wounds and in regenerating alveolar bone lost through periodontal disease. The objective of the present study was to determine any antibacterial effect of ESWT on oral bacteria. Monoculture suspensions of 6 bacterial species were treated with 100 to 500 pulses of ESWT at energy flux densities (EFD) of 0.12 mJ/mm2, 0.22 mJ/mm2, and 0.3 mJ/mm2. Following treatment, aliquots were plated for viability determination and compared with untreated controls. ESWT showed a significant microbicidal effect for Streptococcus mutans and an unencapsulated strain of Porphyromonas gingivalis following as few as 100 pulses at 0.3 mJ/mm2 (p ≤ 0.001). In addition, a significant disruption of bacterial aggregates was observed at lower EFDs. No significant reduction in viability was observed for all other bacteria at EFDs and pulses tested (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that low-energy ESWT may be bactericidal for selected oral bacteria.

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