scholarly journals Niche Differentiation of Active Methane-Oxidizing Bacteria in Estuarine Mangrove Forest Soils in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1248
Author(s):  
Yo-Jin Shiau ◽  
Chiao-Wen Lin ◽  
Yuanfeng Cai ◽  
Zhongjun Jia ◽  
Yu-Te Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Mangrove Soils

Mangrove forests are one of the important ecosystems in tropical coasts because of their high primary production, which they sustain by sequestering a substantial amount of CO2 into plant biomass. These forests often experience various levels of inundation and play an important role in CH4 emissions, but the taxonomy of methanotrophs in these systems remains poorly understood. In this study, DNA-based stable isotope probing showed significant niche differentiation in active aerobic methanotrophs in response to niche differentiation in upstream and downstream mangrove soils of the Tamsui estuary in northwestern Taiwan, in which salinity levels differ between winter and summer. Methylobacter and Methylomicrobium-like Type I methanotrophs dominated methane-oxidizing communities in the field conditions and were significantly 13C-labeled in both upstream and downstream sites, while Methylobacter were well adapted to high salinity and low temperature. The Type II methanotroph Methylocystis comprised only 10–15% of all the methane oxidizers in the upstream site but less than 5% at the downstream site under field conditions. 13C-DNA levels in Methylocystis were significantly lower than those in Type I methanotrophs, while phylogenetic analysis further revealed the presence of novel methane oxidizers that are phylogenetically distantly related to Type Ia in fresh and incubated soils at a downstream site. These results suggest that Type I methanotrophs display niche differentiation associated with environmental differences between upstream and downstream mangrove soils.

Sources of Chlorophenolic Compounds to the Fraser River Estuary

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Carey ◽  
J. H. Hart
Keyword(s):  
River Flow ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Main River

Abstract The identity and concentrations of chlorophenolic compounds in the Fraser River estuary were determined under conditions of high and low river flow at three sites: a site upstream from the trifurcation and at downstream sites for each main river arm. Major chlorophenolics present under both flow regimes were 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (2,3,4,6-TeCP), pentachlorophenol (PCP), tetrachloroguaiacol (TeCG) and a compound tentatively identified as 3,4,5-trichloroguaiacol (3,4,5-TCG). Under high flow conditions, concentrations of the guaiacols were higher than any of the Chlorophenols and concentrations of all five chlorophenolics appeared to correlate. Under low flow conditions, concentrations of chloroguaiacols were higher than Chlorophenols at the upstream site and at the downstream site on the Main Arm, whereas at the downstream site on the North Arm, concentrations of 2,3,4,6-TeCP and PCP were higher than the chloroguaiacols in some samples. Overall, the results indicate that pulp mills upstream from the estuary are important sources of chlorophenolics to the estuary under all flow conditions. Additional episodic inputs of 2,3,4,6-TeCP and PCP from lumber mills occur along the North Arm. When these inputs occur, they can cause the concentrations of Chlorophenols in the North Arm to exceed provisional objectives. If chloroguaiacols are included as part of the objective, concentrations of total chlorophenolics in water entering the estuary can approach and exceed these objectives, especially under low flow conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli between Pristine and Human-Impacted Sites in a River

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Emi Nishimura ◽  
Masateru Nishiyama ◽  
Kei Nukazawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Downstream Site ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Significant Difference

Information on the actual existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in rivers where sewage, urban wastewater, and livestock wastewater do not load is essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water environments. This study compared the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli upstream and downstream of human habitation. The survey was conducted in the summer, winter, and spring seasons. Resistance to one or more antibiotics at upstream and downstream sites was on average 18% and 20%, respectively, and no significant difference was observed between the survey sites. The resistance rates at the upstream site (total of 98 isolated strains) to each antibiotic were cefazolin 17%, tetracycline 12%, and ampicillin 8%, in descending order. Conversely, for the downstream site (total of 89 isolated strains), the rates were ampicillin 16%, cefazolin 16%, and tetracycline 1% in descending order. The resistance rate of tetracycline in the downstream site was significantly lower than that of the upstream site. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that many strains showed different resistance profiles even in the same cluster of the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern. Moreover, the resistance profiles differed in the same cluster of the upstream and the downstream sites. In flowing from the upstream to the downstream site, it is plausible that E. coli transmitted or lacked the antibiotic resistance gene.

Treatment of a type Ia endoleak following EVAR using a custom-made inner branch device.

Vascular ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 170853812110627
Author(s):  
Gino Gemayel GG ◽  
Michel Montessuit MM ◽  
Anouche Gemayel GA
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Type I ◽  
Novel Technology ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Type I Endoleak ◽  
Aortic Cuff

Objectives We represent two cases of late proximal type I endoleak following EVAR with aneurysm expansion that were treated with a custom-made graft with inner branches. Methods Two patients of 87 and 82 years old were operated by EVAR 6 and 8 years ago for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Both had proximal type I endoleak with aneurysm sac expansion. Open surgery had a high risk, and a proximal aortic extension with a simple aortic cuff was not possible neither because previous EVAR grafts were already at the level of the renal arteries. A custom-made endograft with inner branches was planned as a fenestrated graft was not technically possible. Results We successfully treated both patients using a custom-made graft with four inner branches from Jotec (Cryolife, Kennesaw, GA). Three months’ follow-up CT scan did not show any endoleaks. All target vessels were patent with good conformability of the bridging stents. Conclusion The treatment of proximal type I endoleak using inner branches’ endografts is feasible. This novel technology might broaden the indications for complex aortic repair in a group of patients where fenestrated endografts are not possible.

scholarly journals DDAVP infusion in five patients with type Ia glycogen storage disease and associated correction of prolonged bleeding times

Blood ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Marti ◽  
ME Rick ◽  
J Sidbury ◽  
HR Gralnick
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Storage Disease ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Glycogen Storage Disease Type ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Type I ◽  
Bleeding Diathesis ◽  
Agarose Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Von Willebrand

Abstract Five patients with glycogen storage disease type I (GSD-I) were evaluated for a bleeding diathesis and subsequently were given an infusion of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). Although platelet counts were normal or slightly elevated, the baseline template bleeding times were prolonged in four of the patients. Prothrombin times and activated partial thromboplastin times were normal, while ADP- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregations were absent in the three patients tested. Ristocetin- and collagen-induced platelet aggregations were abnormal. Laurell and immunoradiometric determinations of the factor VIII-related antigen (vWf antigen) were decreased. Glyoxyl agarose gel electrophoresis of the patients' plasma revealed abnormal multimer patterns in four of the five patients. After the DDAVP infusion the platelet aggregation abnormalities persisted; however, the bleeding time and the von Willebrand antigen and activity corrected. We conclude that GSD-Ia patients may have a metabolically acquired form of von Willebrand's syndrome as well as an acquired intrinsic platelet defect, and that DDAVP may be useful in the management of bleeding in these patients.

scholarly journals Biogeochemical Processes of C and N in the Soil of Mangrove Forest Ecosystems

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo-Jin Shiau ◽  
Chih-Yu Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
C And N

The mangrove forest provides various ecosystem services in tropical and subtropical regions. Many of these services are driven by the biogeochemical cycles of C and N, and soil is the major reservoir for these chemical elements. These cycles may be influenced by the changing climate. The high plant biomass in mangrove forests makes these forests an important sink for blue C storage. However, anaerobic soil conditions may also turn mangrove forests into an environmentally detrimental producer of greenhouse gases (such as CH4 and N2O), especially as air temperatures increase. In addition, the changing environmental factors associated with climate change may also influence the N cycles and change the patterns of N2 fixation, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, and denitrification processes. This review summarizes the biogeochemical processes of C and N cycles in mangrove forest soils based on recently published studies, and how these processes may respond to climate change, with the aim of predicting the impacts of climate change on the mangrove forest ecosystem.

Probing the anisotropy effects on the CPL parametrizations from light-curve SNIa, BAO and OHD datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950177 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hossienkhani ◽  
N. Azimi ◽  
Z. Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Light Curve ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Anisotropic Universe ◽  
Type I ◽  
Acoustic Oscillations ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Best Fit

Recent observers have shown that an anisotropy cosmic expansion may exist. In this work, we study the effects of low anisotropy with Bianchi type I model using the current observational data, which includes the supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) sample of 238 SN events ([Formula: see text]) and 1048 Pantheon sample confirmed type Ia supernova (SNIa) covering the redshift range [Formula: see text]. Assuming an anisotropic universe, we use the two parametrizations of the dark energy equation-of-state, such as the [Formula: see text] (PA) and [Formula: see text] (PB), and then we fit the SNIa light-curve parameters and free cosmological parameters, simultaneously employing maximum likelihood estimation method. When combining the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and the observational Hubble data (OHD) measurements with the SNLS SN sample, we find [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for the PA model and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for the PB model. When combining also Pantheon data, we obtain [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for the PA model and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for the PB model. The analysis shows that by considering the anisotropy effects, it leads to more best-fit parameters in [Formula: see text]CDM model with the current observational data.

An alternative approach to the analysis of mixed cropping experiments. 2. Marketable yield.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
C.J.T. Spitters
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Competition Effects

The effects of competition on marketable yield are derived from those on biomass by means of the relation between individual plant biomass and harvest index. A method is presented to estimate competition effects and advantage of mixed cropping directly from the data of marketable yield. The effect of spp. composition and population density on the advantage of mixed cropping, measured by the land equivalent ratio, is partitioned into an effect due to better resource exploitation (niche differentiation), a favourable influence of mixed cropping on harvest index and an effect due to density which can also be achieved by growing monocrops at a higher density. The approach is illustrated with the results of an experiment on mixed cropping of maize and groundnuts. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Type I nitroreductases of Escherichia coli

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Bryant ◽  
D. R. McCalla ◽  
M. Leeksma ◽  
P. Laneuville
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Type I ◽  
Activity Type ◽  
Purification Step ◽  
The Past ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Resistant Strains

Analysis of partially purified crude extract of Escherichia coli K12 by chromatography and gel electrophoresis has resulted in the separation of three distinct activities which catalyse the reduction of nitrofurazone (semicarbazone of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde) in the presence of oxygen (type I nitroreductases). The major enzymatic activity (type IA), which was dependent solely on NADPH as a cofactor, was absent from nitrofurazone-resistant strains NFR 402 and NFR 502, but present in SIL 41, a strain which is only marginally resistant to the nitrofuran. The remaining nitroreductase activities (IB1 and IB2) utilize either NADH or NADPH as a cofactor. These activities coelute from DEAE-cellulose at pH 7.2, but may be differentiated by their behaviour on CM-cellulose at pH 5.8. The reductase activity missing in SIL 41 was observed in extracts of strain NFR 402 but not NFR 502. This enzyme (IB1) though retained by DEAE-cellulose had no affinity for CM-cellulose. The only reductase present in extracts of NFR 502 (a nitrofuran-resistant strain selected after two mutational events) was type IB2. This activity, also detectable in SIL 41 and NFR 402, has not been mapped genetically. An interesting feature of the type IB2 enzyme is its apparent inactivation by MnCl2 which has been routinely used as a partial purification step in the past.

Some large classes of n-valued Sheffer functions

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Muzio
Keyword(s):  
Prime Factor ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Sheffer Function

In 1967, Singer (11) gave 3 classes of n-valued two-place functors and proved that all these functors were Sheffer functions. Out of the n possible assignments needed to define a functor completely, Singer showed that it was sufficient to define 3n − 2, 3n − 2, and 2n assignments respectivelyfor the 3 classes. We shall enlarge Singer's classes to give functors of type Ia, type II and type III. For types Ia and III, it will be shown that it is sufficient to define 2n − 1 assignments and for type II we require 2n − 1 assignments to be defined and conditions on a further n/p1 assignments (where P1 is the least prime factor of n). These classes of functors include all of Singer's classes. We also introduce functors of type Ib, similar to those of type Ia, and show that for these itis sufficient to define 2n − 1 assignments to ensure the functor is a Sheffer function.

Ecological niche differentiation of ammonia-oxidising archaea and bacteria in acidic soils due to land use change

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenyan Dai ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Jinbo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Stable Isotope Probing ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Archaea

Nitrification can be driven by either ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) or ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) and is a central process in the nitrogen cycle. However, to date, it is not clear how the ecological niche differentiation of AOB and AOA are affected by land use and management changes in strongly acidic soils in subtropical China. In this study, three different land-use acidic soils – forest, upland, and paddy soils – were collected and a DNA Stable-Isotope Probing experiment performed to determine the relative contributions of AOA and AOB to ammonia oxidation in these soils. The results showed that AOA, but not AOB, amoA genes were detected in 13C-labelled DNA in the forest and paddy soils; however, only AOB amoA genes were detected in 13C-labelled DNA in the upland agricultural soils. The growth and activity of AOA and AOB in the different land-use soils provided direct evidence for the shift in roles for AOA and AOB in ammonia oxidation. AOA played the predominant role in ammonia oxidation in acidic forest and paddy soils. However, AOB, not AOA, mainly regulated the ammonia oxidation in acidic upland agricultural soils. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AOA members within the marine Group1.1a-associated lineage dominated nitrification in the forest and paddy soils. Ammonia oxidation in the upland soil was catalysed by Nitrosospira cluster 3-like AOB. The moisture condition was likely the main reason inducing the ecological niche differentiation between upland and paddy soils; and AOA was more suitable for growth in the flooded, low oxygen conditions.

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