scholarly journals A Mouse Model Suggests That Heart Failure and Its Common Comorbidity Sleep Fragmentation Have No Synergistic Impacts on the Gut Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Olfat Khannous-Lleiffe ◽  
Jesse R. Willis ◽  
Ester Saus ◽  
Ignacio Cabrera-Aguilera ◽  
Isaac Almendros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ventricular Filling

Heart failure (HF) is a common condition associated with a high rate of hospitalizations and adverse outcomes. HF is characterized by impairments of either the cardiac ventricular filling, ejection of blood capacity or both. Sleep fragmentation (SF) involves a series of short sleep interruptions that lead to fatigue and contribute to cognitive impairments and dementia. Both conditions are known to be associated with increased inflammation and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. In the present study, mice were distributed into four groups, and subjected for four weeks to either HF, SF, both HF and SF, or left unperturbed as controls. We used 16S metabarcoding to assess fecal microbiome composition before and after the experiments. Evidence for distinct alterations in several bacterial groups and an overall decrease in alpha diversity emerged in HF and SF treatment groups. Combined HF and SF conditions, however, showed no synergism, and observed changes were not always additive, suggesting preliminarily that some of the individual effects of either HF or SF cancel each other out when applied concomitantly.

scholarly journals Impact of sleep fragmentation, heart failure, and their combination, on the gut microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfat Khannous-Lleiffe ◽  
Jesse R. Willis ◽  
Ester Saus ◽  
Ignacio Cabrera-Aguilera ◽  
Isaac Almendros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACTHeart failure (HF) is a common condition associated with a high rate of hospitalizations and adverse outcomes. HF is characterized by impairments of the cardiac ventricular filling and/or ejection of blood capacity. Sleep fragmentation (SF) involves a series of short sleep interruptions that lead to fatigue and contribute to cognitive impairments and dementia. Both conditions are known to be associated with increased inflammation and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. In the present study, male mice were distributed into four groups, and subjected for four weeks to either HF, SF, both HF and SF, or left unperturbed as controls. We used 16S metabarcoding to assess fecal microbiome composition before and after the experiments. Evidence for distinct alterations in several bacterial groups and an overall decrease in alpha diversity emerged in HF and SF treatment groups. Combined HF and SF conditions, however, showed no synergism, and observed changes were not always additive, suggesting that some of the individual effects of either HF or SF cancel each other out when applied concomitantly.IMPORTANCEThe study demonstrates the potential of the gut microbiome as a source of molecular markers for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of both heart failure and sleep fragmentation conditions in isolation. Our results provide the first evidence of an antagonistic effect of the presence of both conditions in the gut microbiome dysbiosis, showing an attenuation of the alterations that are observed when considering them separately.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome Composition and Metabolomic Profiles of Wild and Captive Chinese Monals (Lophophorus Lhuysii)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Jiang ◽  
Xin He ◽  
Marc Valitutto ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition

Abstract Background：The Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) is an endangered bird species, with a wild population restricted to the mountains of southwest China, and only one known captive population in the world. We investigated the fecal microbiota and metabolomics of wild and captive Chinese monals to explore differences and similarities in nutritional status and digestive characteristics. An integrated approach combining 16S ribosomal rRNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) based metabolomics were used to examine the fecal microbiome composition and the metabolomic profile of Chinese monals. Results: The results showed that the alpha diversity of gut microbes in the wild group were significantly higher than that in the captive group and the core bacterial species in the two groups showed remarkable differences at all levels. Metabolomic profiling revealed a concurrent difference, mainly related to galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid, bile acid biosynthesis and bile secretion. Furthermore, these metabolites in difference are have a strong correlation with the main microbe in genus level.Conclusions: Various factors related to diet and environmental conditions played a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiome composition and metabolomic profile. Through this study, we have established a baseline for a normal gut microbiome and metabolomic profile for wild Chinese monals, thus allowing us to evaluate if differences seen in captive specimens has an impact on their overall health and reproduction.

Performance of the C2HEST score to predict sustained atrial high-rate episodes in patients implanted with cardiac implantable electronic device

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Pastori ◽  
YG Li ◽  
K Miyazawa ◽  
F Shahid ◽  
GYH Lip
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Systolic Heart Failure ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Discriminative Ability

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Sustained atrial high-rate episodes (SAHRE), which are considered ‘subclinical atrial fibrillation’ (AF), increase the risk of adverse outcomes in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED). Risk stratification for the development of SAHREs has never been investigated. Purpose To assess test the performance of the C2HEST score (coronary artery disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1 point each]; hypertension [1 point]; elderly [age ≥75 years, 2 points]; systolic heart failure [2 points]; thyroid disease [1 point]) in predicting SAHRE in patients implanted with CIED without AF. Methods Retrospective study including 500 consecutive patients implanted with CIEDs in the West Birmingham in the UK. Patients were followed after implantation to record the development of SAHRE lasting >24h. Risk factors and incidence of SAHRE were analyzed. The predictive value of the C2HEST score for SAHRE prediction was evaluated. Results During 53.1 months of follow-up, 44 (8.8%) patients developed SAHRE. SAHRE was associated with higher all-cause mortality (P < 0.001) and ischemic stroke (P = 0.001). Age and heart failure were associated with SAHRE occurrence. The incidence of SAHRE increased by the C2HEST score (39% higher risk per point increase)(table). Among those with C2HEST score ≥4, the incidence of SAHRE was 3.62%/year (95%CI 2.14-5.16). The C2HEST score had a moderate predictive capability (area under the curve 0.73 [95%CI 0.64-0.81]) and discriminative ability (log-rank P = 0.003), which was better than other clinical scores (CHA2DS2-VASc, CHADS2, HATCH). Conclusions The C2HEST score predicted SAHRE incidence in non-AF subjects with CIED, with the highest risk seen in patients with C2HEST score ≥4 The benefit of using the C2HEST score in clinical practice in this patient population needs further investigation. C2HEST score Subjects n (%) SAHRE (n) Incident rate (95%CI) Hazard Ratio (95% CI) P 0-1 144 (28.5%) 5 0.85 (0.27-1.94) Reference Reference 2-3 211 (42.2%) 17 1.87 (1.06-2.91) 2.06 (0.76-5.59) 0.159 ≥4 145 (29.0%) 22 3.62 (2.14-5.16) 4.25 (1.61-11.22) 0.004

scholarly journals Structure of Vaginal Microbiome Community After Perineal Disinfection and Its Effects on Neonatal Oral Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongping Li ◽  
Chuan Nie ◽  
Bin Xiao ◽  
Shaoyun Chen ◽  
Jieyang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Neonatal Health ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Health ◽  
Nmds Analysis ◽  
And Child Health

Abstract Background: Vaginal microbiota is not only an important source of bacterial colonization for neonates, but also plays a key role in maternal and neonatal health. In China, povidone iodine is used to disinfect vaginal during delivery. To date there has been no comprehensive study to investigate the vaginal microbiome composition after disinfection.Results: In this study, 27 women were recruited from Bao an Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Shenzhen, China). Vaginal samples before and after delivery were collected. Neonatal oral samples were also collected right after birth. Bacterial compositions of these study subjects were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing of V3-V4 hyper-regions based on Hiseq 2500 platform. The results showed that vaginal microbiome during pregnancy were dominated by Lactobacillus spp. The identified microbiomes were separated into three community state types (CSTs), and a new CST (dominated by L. helveticus) was observed in this study. After disinfection, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased and alpha diversity increased significantly. Moreover, most CST III and CST VI during pregnancy, both them dominated by Lactobacillus, shifted to CST IV in vaginal samples after disinfection. Additionally, the similar change pattern was observed in neonatal oral microbiome, and they overlapped with vaginal samples after disinfection in NMDS analysis.Conclusions: Perineal disinfection resulted in the decrease of genus Lactobacillus and increase of alpha diversity both in maternal vaginal microbiome and neonatal oral microbiome. In further, it is vital to understand the influence on maternal and neonatal health of vaginal microbiome community structure change after disinfection.

scholarly journals Alteration of the gut fecal microbiome in children living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Yaounde, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Baiye Abange ◽  
Casey Martin ◽  
Aubin Joseph Nanfack ◽  
Laeticia Grace Yatchou ◽  
Nichole Nusbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractMultiple factors, such as immune disruption, prophylactic co-trimoxazole, and antiretroviral therapy, may influence the structure and function of the gut microbiome of children infected with HIV from birth. In order to understand whether HIV infection altered gut microbiome and to relate changes in microbiome structure and function to immune status, virological response and pediatric ART regimens, we characterized the gut microbiome of 87 HIV-infected and 82 non-exposed HIV-negative children from Yaounde, a cosmopolitan city in Cameroon. We found that children living with HIV had significantly lower alpha diversity in their gut microbiome and altered beta diversity that may not be related to CD4+ T cell count or viral load. There was an increased level of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium genera and decreased level of Escherichia and other Gamma proteobacteria in children infected with HIV, among other differences. We noted an effect of ethnicity/geography on observed gut microbiome composition and that children on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r)-based ART had gut microbiome composition that diverged more from HIV-negative controls compared to those on non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors-based ART. Further studies investigating the role of this altered gut microbiome in increased disease susceptibility are warranted for individuals who acquired HIV via mother-to-child transmission.

Official Advice Improves Mortgage-Holders’ Perceptions of Switching: Experimental Evidence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Switching Process ◽  
Competitive Markets ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Change Perceptions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

Encouraging consumers to switch to lower-rate mortgages is important both for the individual consumer’s finances and for functioning competitive markets, but switching rates are low. Given the complexity of mortgages, one potential regulatory intervention that may increase switching rates is to provide independent advice on how to select good mortgage products and how to navigate the switching process. Working with a government consumer protection agency, we conducted an experiment with mortgage-holders to test whether such advice alters perceptions of switching. The experiment tested how (i) the attributes of the offer, (ii) perceptions about the switching process, (iii) individual feelings of competence and (iv) comprehension of the product affect willingness to switch to better offers, both before and after reading the official advice. The advice made consumers more sensitive to interest rate decreases, especially at longer terms. It also increased consumers’ confidence in their ability to select good offers. Overall, the findings imply that advice from policymakers can change perceptions and increase switching rates. Moreover, the experiment demonstrates how lab studies can contribute to behaviourally-informed policy development.

Development and validation of risk stratification models for adult spinal deformity surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Pellisé ◽  
Miquel Serra-Burriel ◽  
Justin S. Smith ◽  
Sleiman Haddad ◽  
Michael P. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Prognostic Models ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Event Risk ◽  
Risk Estimates

OBJECTIVEAdult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery has a high rate of major complications (MCs). Public information about adverse outcomes is currently limited to registry average estimates. The object of this study was to assess the incidence of adverse events after ASD surgery, and to develop and validate a prognostic tool for the time-to-event risk of MC, hospital readmission (RA), and unplanned reoperation (RO).METHODSTwo models per outcome, created with a random survival forest algorithm, were trained in an 80% random split and tested in the remaining 20%. Two independent prospective multicenter ASD databases, originating from the European continent and the United States, were queried, merged, and analyzed. ASD patients surgically treated by 57 surgeons at 23 sites in 5 countries in the period from 2008 to 2016 were included in the analysis.RESULTSThe final sample consisted of 1612 ASD patients: mean (standard deviation) age 56.7 (17.4) years, 76.6% women, 10.4 (4.3) fused vertebral levels, 55.1% of patients with pelvic fixation, 2047.9 observation-years. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that 12.1% of patients had at least one MC at 10 days after surgery; 21.5%, at 90 days; and 36%, at 2 years. Discrimination, measured as the concordance statistic, was up to 71.7% (95% CI 68%–75%) in the development sample for the postoperative complications model. Surgical invasiveness, age, magnitude of deformity, and frailty were the strongest predictors of MCs. Individual cumulative risk estimates at 2 years ranged from 3.9% to 74.1% for MCs, from 3.17% to 44.2% for RAs, and from 2.67% to 51.9% for ROs.CONCLUSIONSThe creation of accurate prognostic models for the occurrence and timing of MCs, RAs, and ROs following ASD surgery is possible. The presented variability in patient risk profiles alongside the discrimination and calibration of the models highlights the potential benefits of obtaining time-to-event risk estimates for patients and clinicians.

Leadership Enactment for Information System Acceptance: an Explanation from a Sensemaking Perspective

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-106
Author(s):  
Aruna Dayanatha ◽  
J A S K Jayakody
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
User Involvement ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Is Success ◽  
Managerial Leadership ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
System Acceptance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Leadership Intervention ◽  
Is Failure

Information system (IS) projects have been seen to be failing at an alarmingly high rate. The prevailing explanations of IS failure have had only a limited success. Thus, the time may be right to look at the reasons for IS failure through an alternative perspective. This paper proposes that IS success should be explained in terms of managerial leadership intervention, from the sensemaking perspective. Managers are responsible for workplace outcomes; thus, it may be appropriate to explain their role in IS success as well. The sensemaking perspective can explain IS success through holistic user involvement, a concept which critiques of existing explanations have stated to be a requirement for explaining IS failure. This paper proposes a framework combining the theory of enactment and leadership enactment to theorize managerial leadership intervention for “IS success.” The proposed explanation postulates that the managerial leader’s envisioning of the future transaction set influences the liberation of the follower and cast enactment, while liberating followers and cast enactment constitute manager sensegiving. The managerial leader’s sense-giving influences follower sensemaking. Follower sensemaking, under the influence of managerial sensegiving, will lead to followers’ IS acceptance, and that constitutes IS success at the individual level. Further, collective level IS acceptance constitutes IS adaption/success, and this will influence the leader’s sensegiving, for the next round of sensemaking.

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