scholarly journals Relation between Mood and the Host-Microbiome Co-Metabolite 3-Indoxylsulfate: Results from the Observational Prospective NutriNet-Santé Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 716
Author(s):  
Catherine Philippe ◽  
Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi ◽  
Laurent Naudon ◽  
Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
Depression Scales ◽  
Indole Production

Gut microbiota metabolizes tryptophan into indole, which can influence brain and behavior. Indeed, some oxidized derivatives of indole, formed in the liver, have neuroactive properties, and indole overproduction by the gut microbiota induces an anxio-depressive phenotype in rodents. The aim of this study was to investigate in humans whether there was a relationship between recurrent depressive symptoms and indole production by the gut microbiota. A case-control study was conducted in 45–65-year-old women, who were participants in the observational prospective NutriNet-Santé Study. Cases were defined as having two Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scales (CES-D) scores ≥ 23 at a two-year interval (recurrent depressive symptoms, n = 87). Each case was matched with two controls (two CES-D <23; n = 174). Urinary excretion of 3-indoxylsulfate, the major final metabolite of indole, was used as a biomarker of indole production by the gut microbiota. Conditional logistic regression models for paired data showed a positive association between urinary 3-indoxylsulfate concentrations, grouped in tertiles, and recurrent depressive symptoms (odds ratio = 2.46, p for trend = 0.0264 in the final model adjusted for confounding factors). This association suggested that indole production by the gut microbiota may play a role in the onset of mood disorders in humans.

scholarly journals Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: findings from the E3N cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Amadou ◽  
Delphine Praud ◽  
Thomas Coudon ◽  
Aurélie M. N. Danjou ◽  
Elodie Faure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Tubular Carcinoma ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Estrogenic Properties ◽  
Nested Case Control

AbstractMolecular studies suggest that cadmium due to its estrogenic properties, might play a role in breast cancer (BC) progression. However epidemiological evidence is limited. This study explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. A nested case–control study of 4401 cases and 4401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based metric demonstrated to reliably characterize long-term environmental exposures was employed to evaluate airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. There was no relationship between cadmium exposure and stage of BC. Also, no association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC was observed. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC [ORQ5 vs Q1 = 3.4 (95% CI 1.1–10.7)]. The restricted cubic spline assessment suggested a dose–response relationship between cadmium and ITC BC subtype. Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may play a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC.

scholarly journals O6E.5 Occupation and risk of amyotrophic laterals sclerosis (ALS) in denmark

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A60.2-A60
Author(s):  
Aisha Dickerson ◽  
Johnni Hansen ◽  
Marianthi-Anna Kiumourzoglou ◽  
Aron Specht ◽  
Ole Gredal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Employment History ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
National Population Register ◽  
National Patient

IntroductionAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare and complex neurodegenerative disease, which is highly fatal. It is known that 5%–10% of ALS cases are hereditary, but apart from this the causes for sporadic of ALS are unknown. Some evidence, however, suggests that manifestation and progression may be associated with certain occupational exposures, e.g. exposure to formaldehyde, lead and military service. The aim of this study is to survey the occupational risk of ALS in Denmark based on nationwide registries.MethodsWe identified 1826 ALS cases who were 25 years old or less in 1964 and diagnosed from 1982 to 2013 from the Danish National Patient Registry, which cover all hospitals in Denmark. We matched 100 ALS free population controls to each case based on birth year and sex. Information on demographic data were obtained from the national Population Register and linked by the unique personal indentifier, assigned to all residents, to the Danish Pension Fund (DPF) to determine individual employment history from 1964. All employees in Denmark are compulsory members of DPF. Conditional logistic regression models were uses for estimation of odds ratios OR and their 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for socioeconomic status, marital status and residential location.ResultsWe observed increased OR of ALS among men who worked in e.g. agriculture, hunting, forestry or fishing (OR=1.2; 1.0–1.5). There was also a positive association for men employed in construction (OR=1.2; 1.1–1.4). In women, no significant increases were observed, but a protective association was seen with employment in the cleaning industry (OR=0.7; 0.5–0.9).ConclusionsOur study shows various occupations with exposure to toxicants, such as diesel exhaust and lead, and strenuous physical activity associated with increased odds of ALS in men. Future studies should have a particular focus on gathering detailed information on physical exertion and exposure to specific chemicals.

scholarly journals Undiagnosed depression, persistent depressive symptoms and seeking mental health care: analysis of immigrant and non-immigrant participants of the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Farid ◽  
P. Li ◽  
D. Da Costa ◽  
W. Afif ◽  
J. Szabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Female Immigrants ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aims Early diagnosis and treatment of depression are associated with better prognosis. We used baseline data of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2012–2015; ages 45–85 years) to examine differences in prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed depression (UD) between immigrants and non-immigrants at baseline and persistent and/or emerging depressive symptoms (DS) 18 months later. At this second time point, we also examined if a mental health care professional (MHCP) had been consulted. Methods We excluded individuals with any prior mood disorder and/or current anti-depressive medication use at baseline. UD was defined as the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression 10 score ⩾10. DS at 18 months were defined as Kessler 10 score ⩾19. The associations of interest were examined in multivariate logistic regression models. Results Our study included 4382 immigrants and 18 620 non-immigrants. The mean age (standard deviation) in immigrants was 63 (10.3) years v. 65 (10.7) years in non-immigrants and 52.1% v. 57.1% were male. Among immigrants, 12.2% had UD at baseline of whom 34.2% had persistent DS 18 months later v. 10.6% and 31.4%, respectively, among non-immigrants. Female immigrants were more likely to have UD than female non-immigrants (odds ratio 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.25–1.80) but no difference observed for men. The risk of persistent DS and consulting an MHCP at 18 months did not differ between immigrants and non-immigrants. Conclusions Female immigrants may particularly benefit from depression screening. Seeking mental health care in the context of DS should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Fecal Short Chain Fatty Acid ratios are related to both Depressive and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Young Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Müller ◽  
Annica J. Rasmusson ◽  
David Just ◽  
Shishanthi Jayarathna ◽  
Ali Moazzami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractObjectiveShort chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the gut microbiota and may reflect health. Gut symptoms are common in individuals with depressive disorders and recent data indicates relationships between gut microbiota and psychiatric health. We aimed to investigate potential associations between SCFAs and self-reported depressive and gut symptoms in young adults.MethodFecal samples from 164 individuals, of which 125 were patients with psychiatric disorders, were analyzed for the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, butyrate and propionate by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We then compared SCFA ratios to dimensional measures of self-reported depressive and gut symptoms.ResultsDepressive symptoms showed a positive association to acetate levels and negative associations to both butyrate and propionate levels in relation to total SCFA levels. Furthermore, symptoms of diarrhea and bloating showed positive associations to acetate and negative associations to propionate in relation to total SCFA levels. Cluster analysis revealed a heterogeneous pattern where shifts in SCFA ratios were seen for individuals with either elevated levels of depressive symptoms, elevated levels of gut symptoms or both.ConclusionShifts in SCFAs may have relevance for both depressive symptoms and gut symptoms in young adults.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Black Carbon on the Worsening of Allergic Respiratory Diseases in the Region of Western Serbia: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Vesna Tomić-Spirić ◽  
Gordana Kovačević ◽  
Jelena Marinković ◽  
Janko Janković ◽  
Anđa Ćirković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Case Crossover ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objectives: Many epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between black carbon (BC) and the exacerbation of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma. However, none of the studies in Serbia examined this relationship yet. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between BC and emergency department (ED) visits for allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma in the Užice region of Serbia. Materials and Methods: A time-stratified case-crossover design was applied to 523 ED visits for allergic rhinitis and asthma exacerbation that occurred in the Užice region of Serbia between 2012–2014. Data regarding ED visits were routinely collected in the Health Center of Užice. The daily average concentrations of BC were measured by automatic ambient air quality monitoring stations. Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for the potential confounding influence of weather variables (temperature, humidity, and air pressure). Results: Statistically significant associations were observed between ED visits for allergic rhinitis and 2-day lagged exposure to BC (OR = 3.20; CI = 1.00–10.18; p = 0.049) and allergic asthma and 3-day lagged exposure to BC (OR = 3.23; CI = 1.05–9.95; p = 0.041). Conclusion: Exposure to BC in the Užice region increases the risk of ED visits for allergic rhinitis and asthma, particularly during the heating season.

scholarly journals Olfactory dysfunction predicts the development of depression in older US adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazan Eliyan ◽  
Kristen E Wroblewski ◽  
Martha K McClintock ◽  
Jayant M Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Neuroanatomic connections link the olfactory and limbic systems potentially explaining an association between olfactory dysfunction and depression. Some previous studies have demonstrated that olfactory dysfunction is associated with increased depressive symptoms. However, these studies were cross-sectional and unable to establish which develops first. We used longitudinal data to determine if impaired odor identification increased subsequent depressive symptoms or vice versa. We assessed olfaction and depression in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally-representative, 15-year longitudinal study of older U.S. adults. Olfaction was measured using a validated odor identification test (Sniffin’ Sticks). Depressive symptoms were measured using a modified version of the validated Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the temporal relationships between developing olfactory dysfunction and depression while accounting for demographics, disease comorbidities, alcohol use, smoking, and cognition. Older adults with olfactory dysfunction had concurrent frequent depressive symptoms (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.00 - 1.43). Among healthy adults at baseline, those who had olfactory dysfunction were more likely to develop frequent depressive symptoms 5 or 10 years later (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.13 - 4.37). Conversely, those with frequent depressive symptoms at baseline were not more likely to develop olfactory dysfunction 5 or 10 years later. We show for the first time that olfactory dysfunction predicts subsequent development of depression in older U.S. adults. These data support screening for depression in older adults with chemosensory impairment and set the stage for disentangling the relationship between olfaction and depression.

scholarly journals The Inflammatory Potential of the Diet Is Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Different Subgroups of the General Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 879-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moufidath Adjibade ◽  
Valentina A Andreeva ◽  
Cédric Lemogne ◽  
Mathilde Touvier ◽  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Inflammatory Index

AbstractBackground: Low-grade chronic inflammation, which can be modulated by diet, has been suggested as an important risk factor for depression, but few studies have investigated the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and depression.Objective: We investigated the prospective association between the inflammatory potential of the diet, measured by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and incident depressive symptoms and tested the potential modulating effect of sex, age, physical activity, and smoking status.Methods: This study included 3523 participants (aged 35–60 y) from the SU.VI.MAX (Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants) cohort, who were initially free of depressive symptoms. Baseline DII (1994–1996) was computed by using repeated 24-h dietary records. Incident depressive symptoms were defined by a Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale score ≥17 for men and ≥23 for women in 2007–2009. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate ORs and 95% CIs, and modeled the DII as a continuous variable and as sex-specific quartiles.Results: A total of 172 cases of incident depressive symptoms were identified over a mean follow-up of 12.6 y. The DII was not associated with incident depressive symptoms in the full sample. In sex-specific models, men with a higher DII had a higher risk of incident depressive symptoms (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1—OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.01, 5.35), but the association was only marginally significant (P-trend = 0.06). When analyses were performed across smoking status, current and former smokers with a higher DII had a higher risk of incident depressive symptoms (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1—OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.08, 4.52). A positive association was also observed among less physically active participants (quartile 4 compared with quartile 1—OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.07).Conclusion: The promotion of a healthy diet with anti-inflammatory properties may help to prevent depressive symptoms, particularly among men, smokers, or physically inactive individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0027242.

scholarly journals Study of occupation and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a Danish cohort

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha S Dickerson ◽  
Johnni Hansen ◽  
Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou ◽  
Aaron J Specht ◽  
Ole Gredal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Danish Cohort ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

ObjectivesSeveral manuscripts have proposed associations between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and occupational toxicant exposures—not to mention physical activity and trauma/injury. Some have also reported associations in investigations of specific occupations. Using data from a prospective Danish cohort study, we investigated the association between employment in certain industries and ALS diagnosis.MethodsWe identified 1826 ALS cases who were 25 years old or less in 1964 and diagnosed from 1982 to 2013 from the Danish National Patient Registry then matched 100 population controls to each case based on birth year and sex. Demographic data were linked to the Danish Pension Fund to determine occupation history. Conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for socioeconomic status, marital status and residential location at the index date.ResultsThere was an increase in odds of ALS among men who worked in agriculture, hunting, forestry or fishing (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.21; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45). There was also a positive association for men employed in construction (aOR=1.21; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.39). In women, a protective association was seen with employment in the cleaning industry (aOR=0.69; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.93).ConclusionsOur study shows various occupations with exposure to toxicants, such as diesel exhaust and lead, and strenuous physical activity associated with increased odds of ALS in men. Future studies should have a particular focus on gathering detailed information on physical exertion and toxicant exposures specific to certain job tasks.

scholarly journals Exposure to airborne cadmium and breast cancer stage, grade and histology at diagnosis: Findings from the E3N cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Amadou ◽  
Delphine Praud ◽  
Thomas Coudon ◽  
Aurélie M N Danjou ◽  
Elodie Faure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Tubular Carcinoma ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Airborne Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Nested Case Control

Abstract Purpose Molecular and cellular studies reported a role of cadmium in risk of advanced breast cancer (BC). However epidemiological evidence is limited. Our previous study suggests that cadmium might be related to a decreased risk of ER- and ER-PR- breast tumors. In this study, we further explored the association between long-term exposure to airborne cadmium and risk of BC by stage, grade of differentiation, and histological types at diagnosis. Methods A nested case-control study of 4,401 cases and 4,401 matched controls was conducted within the French E3N cohort. A Geographic Information System (GIS) based metric was employed to evaluate outdoor airborne exposure to cadmium. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results There was no statistically significant association between cadmium exposure and stage of BC in the multivariable analyses. The adjusted ORs for the fifth versus first quintile were 1.02 (95% CI: 0.83–1.25), 1.11 (95% CI: 0.84–1.49), and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.37–1.24) for stages I, II, and III-IV BC, respectively. The subgroup analyses showed no statistically significant association between cadmium exposure and grade of differentiation of BC at diagnosis. However, further analyses by histological type suggested a positive dose-response association between cadmium and risk of invasive tubular carcinoma (ITC) BC (OR for the fifth versus first quintile = 3.44 (95% CI: 1.10–10.7)). Conclusions Our results do not support the hypothesis that airborne cadmium exposure may have a role in advanced BC risk, but suggest that cadmium may be associated with an increased risk of ITC. However, these results should be considered with caution, and more epidemiological studies are needed to confirm our findings and to improve our understanding of the effects of cadmium exposure according to several clinic-pathological characteristics of BC.

scholarly journals Association between Urban Greenness and Depressive Symptoms: Evaluation of Greenness Using Various Indicators

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonjin Song ◽  
Kevin James Lane ◽  
Honghyok Kim ◽  
Hyomi Kim ◽  
Garam Byun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data

An increasing number of studies have suggested benefits of greenness exposure on mental health. We examined the association between urban greenness and depressive symptoms in adults in the general population living in the seven major cities in Korea (N = 65,128). Using data from the Korean Community Health Survey 2009, depressive symptoms were measured on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Greenness was assessed using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land-use data (forest area and forest volume). Logistic regression models were fitted to adjust for potential confounders. Individuals in regions with the highest NDVI (quartile 4) had the lowest odds for depressive symptoms compared to quartile 1, after adjusting for potential confounders (OR = 0.813; 95% CI: 0.747, 0.884). For all greenness indicators except for forest area per district area (%), the highest rate of depressive symptoms was found for the individuals in the lowest quartile of greenness (quartile 1) and the lowest rate of depressive symptoms for those in the highest quartile of greenness (quartile 4). We found an inverse association between urban greenness and depressive symptoms, which was consistent across a variety of greenness indicators. Our study suggests health benefits of greenness and could provide a scientific basis for policy making and urban planning.

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