scholarly journals Evaluation of Biocompatibility and Antagonistic Properties of Microorganisms Isolated from Natural Sources for Obtaining Biofertilizers Using Microalgae Hydrolysate

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Olga Babich ◽  
Stanislav Sukhikh ◽  
Lyubov Dyshlyuk ◽  
Olga Shishko ◽  
Irina Milentyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Thermophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Natural Sources

Determination of the biocompatibility of microorganisms isolated from natural sources (Kemerovo Oblast—Kuzbass) resulted in the creation of three microbial consortia based on the isolated strains: consortium I (Bacillus pumilus, Pediococcus damnosus, and Pediococcus pentosaceus), consortium II (Acetobacter aceti, Pseudomonas chlororaphis, and Streptomyces parvus), and consortium III (Amycolatopsis sacchari, Bacillus stearothermophilus; Streptomyces thermocarboxydus; and Streptomyces thermospinisporus). The nutrient media composition for the cultivation of each of the three studied microbial consortia, providing the maximum increase in biomass, was selected: consortium I, nutrient medium 11; consortium II, nutrient medium 13; for consortium III, nutrient medium 16. Consortia I and II microorganisms were cultured at 5–25 °C, and consortium III at 50–70 °C. Six types of psychrophilic microorganisms (P. pentosaceus, P. chlororaphis, P. damnosus, B. pumilus, A. aceti, and S. parvus) and four types of thermophilic microorganisms (B. stearothermophilus, S. thermocarboxydus, S. thermospinisporus, and A. sacchari) were found to have high antagonistic activity against the tested pathogenic strains (A. faecalis, B. cinerea, E. carotovora, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, R. stolonifera, X. vesicatoria. pv. Vesicatoria, and E. aphidicola). The introduction of microalgae hydrolyzate increased the concentration of microorganisms by 5.23 times in consortium I, by 4.66 times in consortium II, by 6.6 times in consortium III. These data confirmed the efficiency (feasibility) of introducing microalgae hydrolyzate into the biofertilizer composition.

scholarly journals Quantitative determination of organic adsorption capacity in the Palaeozoic shales from South China

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872098303
Author(s):  
Sibo Wang ◽  
Zhiguang Song ◽  
Jia Xia ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
YaoPing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Soluble Organic Matter ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Immature Oil ◽  
Methane Sorption ◽  
Oil Shales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Adsorption

In this study, the methane adsorption capacity of kerogen isolated from the Cambrian, Silurian, and Permian shales and the impact of soluble organic matter (SOM) on the adsorption capacity of these shales were investigated. The results reveal that 1) the adsorption capacity of kerogen varies in a broad range, from 14.48 to 23.22 cm3/g for the Cambrian kerogens, from 15.50 to 36.06 cm3/g for the Silurian kerogens, and from 10.71 to 11.15 cm3/g for the Permian kerogens; 2) the kerogen adsorption accounts for 33.67–70.23% of the total adsorption capacity of these Palaeozoic extracted shales, demonstrating that kerogen is the primary adsorbing substance in shales; 3) the adsorption isotherms of kerogen in highly mature Cambrian and Silurian shales are similar to those of Triassic coal, while the isotherms of kerogen in the relatively immature Permian shales are similar to those of the immature oil shales; and 4) the SOM demonstrates a significant impact on the adsorption capacity of shales as the removal of SOM can cause a maximum increase of 34.29% or a decrease of 23.36% in the total adsorption capacity of shales. However, there is no clear understanding of the impact of SOM on the methane sorption of shales.

DETERMINATION OF THE SENSITIVITY OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL EXPRESS METHOD FOR DETECTING FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS IN RAW MATERIALS OF MEAT USING THE TEST CULTURE BACILLUS STEAROTHERMOPHILUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
G.M. Goryainova ◽  
◽  
L.V. Arsenyeva ◽  
E.A. Denisova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Express Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Wide Range

The article presents the results obtained during experiments to determine the sensitivity of the method according to GOST R 55481-2013 to antibiotics from the group of fluoroquinolones. GOST provides detection limits for such antibiotics as augmentin – 25.0 mcg/kg, benzylpenicillin – 4.0 mcg/kg, doxycycline – 10.0 mcg/ kg, cefazolin – 25.0 mcg/kg. Today, we are familiar with a wide range of different antimicrobial drugs used in animal husbandry, including an extensive group of drugs such as levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, marbocin, marfloxin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and others related to fluoroquinolones. We experimentally determined the sensitivity parameters for enrofloxacin – 24 mcg/l, levofloxacin – 26 mcg/l, ciprofloxacin – 24 mcg/l, marbofloxacin – 25 mcg/l.

Effect of a Leucine Analogue on Incorporation of Glycine into the Proteins of Explanted Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
Phyllis W. Schultz ◽  
Heinz Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Egg Extract ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues

Amino acid analogues have been observed to give rise to abnormal forms of development of chick and amphibian embryos (Herrmann, 1953; Rothfels, 1954; Waddington & Sirlin, 1954; Feldman & Waddington, 1955; Herrmann, Rothfels-Konigsberg, & Curry, 1955). Assuming that these disturbances may be due to interference with the utilization of amino acids for protein formation, we have attempted an analysis of this effect by comparison of the protein contents and of the uptake of glycine into the proteins of chick embryo explants in the presence and absence of amino acid analogues. The results of such experiments are reported in this paper. The chick embryos used for explanation, the explantation technique, and the determination of total protein glycine and of tracer glycine were essentially the same as described previously (Herrmann & Schultz, 1958). The embryos were explanted at the 11–13 somite stage on to the surface of an agar gel containing egg extract as nutrient medium following the procedure given by Spratt (1947) as modified by Rothfels (1954).

The Inhibition of wine microorganisms by silver nanoparticles

10.5219/1604 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 995-1004
Author(s):  
Aleš Vavřiník ◽  
Kateřina Štůsková ◽  
Adrian Alumbro ◽  
Methusela Perrocha ◽  
Lenka Sochorová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Gluconobacter Oxydans ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Acetobacter Aceti ◽  
Inhibition Zones

The presented work aimed to study the inhibition using nanoparticles produced by the green synthesis in selected acetic acid and lactic acid bacteria, which are related to viticulture. The degree of ability to eliminate silver particles produced by green syntheses was determined using the plate method on Petri dishes. This is done using two different approaches - the method of direct application of the solution to the surface of the inoculated medium (determination of inhibition zones) and the method of application using nanoparticles to the inoculated medium. Gluconobacter oxydans (CCM 3618) and Acetobacter aceti (CCM 3620T) were studied from acet acetic bacteria. The lactic acid bacteria were Lactobacillus brevis (CCM 1815) and Pediococcus damnosus (CCM 2465). The application of silver nanoparticles was always in concentrations of 0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g.L-1. All applied concentrations of silver nanoparticles showed an inhibitory effect on the monitored microorganisms. Silver particles could be used in wine technology for their antibacterial effects, mainly to inhibit microorganisms during vinification, as a substitute for sulfur dioxide.

Microbiological Determination of Penicillin G, Ampicillin, and Cloxacillin Residues in Milk

1979 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247-1250
Author(s):  
Arnost B Vilim ◽  
Steven D Moore ◽  
Lyse Larocque
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Microbiological Method

Abstract A fast cylinder plate microbiological method was developed for the quantitative determination of penicillin G, ampicillin, and cloxacillin in milk. Agar plates seeded with stable spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis were used and incubated at 64°C for 4½ hr. Standard curves were obtained for the following ranges of concentration of antibiotics: 0.004-0.064 IU penicillin G/mL, 0.0025-0.04 μg ampicillin/mL, and 0.03-0.48 μg cloxacillin/mL. The method is suitable for detecting penicillin residues in milk and for quantitative milk-out studies of the above antibiotics used in treatment of bovine mastitis.

Determination of Antibiotics in Meat Using Bacillus stearothermophilus Spores

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BIELECKA ◽  
J. D. BALDOCK ◽  
A. W. KOTULA
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Assay Medium ◽  
Organism Growth ◽  
Ph Variations

Ten parameters affecting sensitivity, accuracy and simplicity of the diffusion plate method for determining antibiotic residues in meat were evaluated with spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus as the test organism. Eight antibiotics were studied and included penicillin, bacitracin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and neomycin. Sensitivity of the method was most influenced by concentration of inoculum, quantity of assay medium on the plate and sample size. The optimal concentration of inoculum was established as 2 × 105 spores/ml of medium, quantity of the assay medium on plate/100 mm dia., as 6 ml and quantity of sample poured on disc/12.7 mm dia., as 100 μl. The pH of the assay medium was also important to both antibiotic potency and test organism growth. The activity of streptomycin and erythromycin was the most sensitive to pH variations.

Determination of Residual Cephalexin in Chick Tissues by Bacillus stearothermophilus Paper Disc Assay

1988 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-340
Author(s):  
Junya Okada ◽  
Ikuji Higuchi ◽  
Sadao Kondo ◽  
Bun-Ichi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Acid Extract ◽  
Average Recovery ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Paper Disc ◽  
Disc Assay

Abstract A paper disc method is described for determination of residual cephalexin (CEX) in chick tissues. A trichloroacetic acid extract of plasma and tissues is chromatographed on a macroreticular resin (Diaion HP-20) column to remove endogenous antibacterial substances interfering with the assay. The eluate is evaporated to dryness and the residue, dissolved in methanol-water (1 + 2), is subjected to a paper disc assay using Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis C953 NIZO as a test organism. The detection limit was 0.0375 ppm in tissue; the average recovery of CEX ranged from 72.4% in skin to 90.4% in plasma. Water containing 200 or 500 mg/L of CEX was given ad libitum to 2-week-old chicks for 10 days; the highest levels of CEX were found in the kidney, and the lowest were found in muscle at 0 h of withdrawal. CEX disappeared from most tissues at 24 h after withdrawal except from skin of chicks given 500 mg/ L. However, the drug was not detected in the skin at 48 h after withdrawal.

scholarly journals Raffinose-Series Oligosaccharides in Soybean Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Švejstil ◽  
Š. Musilová ◽  
V. Rada
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Enzymatic Assay ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides

Abstract Soybean foods forming a substantial part of Asian diet have still more expanded into European diet. Raffinose-series oligosaccharides (RSO) are important constituents of soya beans and they can be found also in soybean products. These oligosaccharides can be considered potentially prebiotic for their capability of influencing the composition of the host’s intestinal microbiota. The aim of the present paper was to determine the oligosaccharide content in various soybean products. Enzymatic assay has been used for the determination of oligosaccharides. RSO have been found in all tested samples and their content varied from 0.66 g per 100 g in soybean beverage to 5.59 g per 100 g in first clear soybean flour. Generally, the highest content of RSO has been detected in soybean flour in the average amount of 4.83 g per 100 g. There was no statistically significant difference observed in the amount of oligosaccharides in all four types of soybean flour (P < 0.01). Considerably high amounts of RSO have been found in sweet soybean bars and textured soy protein. Foods as soybean flour and soybean bar ‘Sójový suk’ seem to be effective natural sources of prebiotic oligosaccharides for humans.

Structures of prokaryotic ribosomal proteins: implications for RNA binding and evolution

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 979-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ramakrishnan ◽  
Sue Ellen Gerchman ◽  
Jadwiga H. Kycia ◽  
Christopher Davies ◽  
Barbara L. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Binding Regions

After along hiatus, the pace of determination of the structures of ribosomal proteins has accelerated dramatically. We discuss here the structures of five ribosomal proteins from Bacillus stearothermophilus: S5, S17, L6, L9, and L14. These structures represent several new motifs. Each of these structures has revealed new insights, and we have developed criteria for recognizing RNA-binding regions of each protein and correlating the structures with such properties as antibiotic resistance. The information here should also prove invaluable in an eventual high-resolution picture of the intact ribosome.Key words: ribosome, ribosomal proteins, ribosomal RNA, X-ray crystallography, NMR.

An analysis of the performance of an ultra-high-temperature milk sterilizing plant: IV. Comparison of experimental and calculated sporicidal effects for a strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus

1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Burton ◽  
J. G. Franklin ◽  
D. J. Williams ◽  
Helen R. Chapman ◽  
A. Jean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Thermal Death ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

This series of four papers has outlined a method for predicting the bactericidal efficiency of an ultra-high-temperature sterilizing plant. The method has been illustrated with reference to the performance of an A.P.V. 200 gal./hr. plate-type sterilizing plant, treating at different temperatures milk heavily inoculated with suspensions of B. subtilis and B. stearothermophilus spores.The method involves the determination of the temperature and flow time distributions in the plant, and of the thermal death characteristics of the organism to be considered. The investigations of plant performance are considered in Part I. The determination of the sporicidal effect of the plant from this information is described in Part II. The effect is expressed in terms of the slope of the thermal death line for the organism considered, at the operation temperature of the plant. By expressing the result in this form it becomes general and applicable to any type of organism, at any operating temperature close to that for which the plant is designed.The thermal death time of any organism at the operating temperature may be obtained by laboratory experiment, by extrapolation if necessary. In Parts III and IV, laboratory data for B. subtilis spores and B. Stearothermophilus spores are used to calculate the performance of the plant, and the calculated results are compared with the results of direct plant experiment. The agreement is satisfactory.The interpretation of the results with spores of B. stearothermophilus is complicated by their very marked inhibition by u.h.t.-treated milk. Only about one spore per million germinates and grows in such milk. A false impression of the number of truly surviving organisms after the heat treatment may therefore be obtained. It is not known to what extent this effect occurs with spores of other strains of B. stearothermophilus or with other organisms.It is not suggested that the theoretical method of estimation of performance will give reliable information on the spoilage level to be expected from a plant under practical dairy conditions. The uncertainties as to the number and types of incident organisms are too great. Comparisons can be made between different plants, however, by comparing the results of the theoretical analyses for the plants. No bacteriological data are then required. This may be a less difficult procedure for manufacturers than a direct bacteriological experiment using heavily inoculated milk. The analysis also enables the contribution to the overall lethal effect of the different part of a sterilizing plant to be assessed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document