Genomic and Phenotypic Characteristics in Geographically Separated Clinical Campylobacter jejuni ST353CC Isolates

Campylobacter jejuni fecal isolates of eight international travelers, 5 of which had traveled to Ecuador and 3 to Bangladesh, were characterized, and the possible relationship between bacterial traits and clinical symptoms was further analyzed. All eight isolates belonged to the same Multi-Locus Sequence Type clonal complex (ST353CC). The three isolates from Bangladesh were all of the same sequence type (ST-9438), and when compared to isolates of various other sequence types, they had a larger quantity of unique genetic content, higher expression levels of some putative virulence genes involved in adhesion and invasion (flpA, ciaB and iamA), and showed higher adhesion levels to human HT-29 colon cancer cells in an in vitro infection model. However, in contrast to the seemingly higher pathogenic potential of these bacterial isolates, travelers infected with the ST-9438 isolates had no or only very mild symptoms, whereas the other individuals, whose bacterial isolates seemed to have less pathogenic potential, generally reported severe symptoms. When studying the 16S rRNA gene-based fecal microbiota in samples collected prior to travel, there was an individual variation in the relative abundance of the three major bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, but there were no associations between composition and diversity of microbiota and development of severe symptoms from the infection. It remains to be confirmed by larger studies whether an individual’s characteristics such as gut microbiota, might be related to the severity of symptoms in Campylobacter infections.

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Development of a Trivalent Construct Omp18/AhpC/FlgH Multi Epitope Peptide Vaccine Against Campylobacter jejuni

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.773697 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Hongqiang Lou ◽

Xusheng Li ◽

Xiusheng Sheng ◽

Shuiqin Fang ◽

Shaoye Wan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Expression System ◽

Peptide Vaccine ◽

Surface Protein ◽

Infection Model ◽

Protein Antigens ◽

Epitope Peptide ◽

Prokaryotic Expression System

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the major pathogens contributing to the enteritis in humans. Infection can lead to numerous complications, including but not limited to Guillain-Barre syndrome, reactive arthritis, and Reiter’s syndrome. Over the past two decades, joint efforts have been made toward developing a proper strategy of limiting the transmission of C. jejuni to humans. Nevertheless, except for biosecurity measures, no available vaccine has been developed so far. Judging from the research findings, Omp18, AhpC outer membrane protein, and FlgH flagellin subunits of C. jejuni could be adopted as surface protein antigens of C. jejuni for screening dominant epitope thanks to their strong antigenicity, expression of varying strains, and conservative sequence. In this study, bioinformatics technology was adopted to analyze the T-B antigenic epitopes of Omp18, AhpC, and FlgH in C. jejuni strain NCTC11168. Both ELISA and Western Blot methods were adopted to screen the dominant T-B combined epitope. GGS (GGCGGTAGC) sequence was adopted to connect the dominant T-B combined epitope peptides and to construct the prokaryotic expression system of tandem repeats of antigenic epitope peptides. The mouse infection model was adopted to assess the immunoprotective effect imposed by the trivalent T-B combined with antigen epitope peptide based on Omp18/AhpC/FlgH. In this study, a tandem epitope AhpC-2/Omp18-1/FlgH-1 was developed, which was composed of three epitopes and could effectively enhance the stability and antigenicity of the epitope while preserving its structure. The immunization of BALB/c mice with a tandem epitope could induce protective immunity accompanied by the generation of IgG2a antibody response through the in vitro synthesis of IFN-γ cytokines. Judging from the results of immune protection experiments, the colonization of C. jejuni declined to a significant extent, and it was expected that AhpC-2/Omp18-1/FlgH-1 could be adopted as a candidate antigen for genetic engineering vaccine of C. jejuni MAP.

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Assessing the Effects of Ginger Extract on Polyphenol Profiles and the Subsequent Impact on the Fecal Microbiota by Simulating Digestion and Fermentation In Vitro

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3194

Author(s):

Jing Wang ◽

Yong Chen ◽

Xiaosong Hu ◽

Fengqin Feng ◽

Luyun Cai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ph Value ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gut Health ◽

Ginger Extract ◽

Mixed Culture Fermentation

The beneficial effects of ginger polyphenols have been extensively reported. However, their metabolic characteristics and health effects on gut microbiota are poor understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the digestion stability of ginger polyphenols and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota by simulating digestion and fermentation in vitro. Following simulated digestion in vitro, 85% of the polyphenols were still detectable, and the main polyphenol constituents identified in ginger extract are 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in the digestive fluids. After batch fermentation, the changes in microbial populations were measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In mixed-culture fermentation with fecal inoculate, digested ginger extract (GE) significantly modulated the fecal microbiota structure and promoted the growth of some beneficial bacterial populations, such as Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus. Furthermore, incubation with GE could elevate the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) accompanied by a decrease in the pH value. Additionally, the quantitative PCR results showed that 6-gingerol (6G), as the main polyphenol in GE, increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium significantly. Therefore, 6G is expected to be a potential prebiotic that improves human health by promoting gut health.

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Gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) by comparsion using 16 s rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-020-02583-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yan Hua ◽

Heqin Cao ◽

Jiao Wang ◽

Fengping He ◽

Guangshun Jiang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

North China ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Panthera Pardus ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Metabolic Phenotypes ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

First Time ◽

16 S Rrna

Abstract Background Gut microbes significantly contribute to nutrient digestion and absorption, intestinal health and immunity, and are essential for the survival and environmental adaptation of wild animals. However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota of captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis). Results A total of 10 mainly bacterial phyla were identified in the fecal microbiota of North China leopard, Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.003), Peptoclostridium (p = 0.005), Bacteroides (p = 0.008), Fusobacterium (p = 0.017) and Collinsella (p = 0.019) were significantly higher than those of wild North China leopard. Distinct differences in the fecal metabolic phenotypes of captive and wild North China leopard were found, such as content of l-methionine, n-acetyl-l-tyrosine, pentadecanoic acid and oleic acid. Differentially abundant gut microbes were associated with fecal metabolites, especially the bacteria in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, involved in the metabolism of N-acetyl-L-alanine and D-quinovose. Conclusion This study reports for the first time the differences in gut microbiota abundance between captive and wild North China leopard, as well as significant differences in fecal metabolic phenotypes between two groups.

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Probiotics-Containing Yogurt Ingestion and H. pylori Eradication Can Restore Fecal Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Dysbiosis in H. pylori-Infected Children

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8060146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Yao-Jong Yang ◽

Peng-Chieh Chen ◽

Fu-Ping Lai ◽

Pei-Jane Tsai ◽

Bor-Shyang Sheu

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Metagenomic Sequencing ◽

Bacterial Eradication ◽

H Pylori ◽

The 16S Rrna Gene ◽

Ht 29 ◽

Tgf Β1

This study investigated the compositional differences in fecal microbiota between children with and without H. pylori infection and tested whether probiotics-containing yogurt and bacterial eradication improve H. pylori-related dysbiosis. Ten H. pylori-infected children and 10 controls ingested probiotics-containing yogurt for 4 weeks. Ten-day triple therapy plus yogurt was given to the infected children on the 4th week. Fecal samples were collected at enrollment, after yogurt ingestion, and 4 weeks after successful H. pylori eradication for cytokines and microbiota analysis using ELISA and metagenomic sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. The results showed H. pylori-infected children had significantly higher levels of fecal TGF-β1 than those who were not infected. Eight of 295 significantly altered OTUs in the H. pylori-infected children were identified. Among them, the abundance of F. prausnitzii was significantly lower in the H. pylori-infected children, and then increased after yogurt ingestion and successful bacterial eradication. We further confirmed probiotics promoted F. prausnitzii growth in vitro and in ex vivo using real-time PCR. Moreover, F. prausnitzii supernatant significantly ameliorated lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 in HT-29 cells. In conclusions, Probiotics-containing yogurt ingestion and H. pylori eradication can restore the decrease of fecal F. prausnitzii in H. pylori-infected children.

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Pancreatic Amylase Is an Environmental Signal for Regulation of Biofilm Formation and Host Interaction in Campylobacter jejuni

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01064-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 83 (12) ◽

pp. 4884-4895 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Waheed Jowiya ◽

Katja Brunner ◽

Sherif Abouelhadid ◽

Haitham A. Hussain ◽

Sean P. Nair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Infection Model ◽

Pancreatic Amylase ◽

Content Type ◽

Host Interaction ◽

Food Borne ◽

Epithelial Cell Lines

Campylobacter jejuniis a commensal bacterium in the intestines of animals and birds and a major cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. Here we show that exposure to pancreatic amylase leads to secretion of an α-dextran byC. jejuniand that a secreted protease, Cj0511, is required. Exposure ofC. jejunito pancreatic amylase promotes biofilm formationin vitro, increases interaction with human epithelial cell lines, increases virulence in theGalleria mellonellainfection model, and promotes colonization of the chicken ileum. We also show that exposure to pancreatic amylase protectsC. jejunifrom stress conditionsin vitro, suggesting that the induced α-dextran may be important during transmission between hosts. This is the first evidence that pancreatic amylase functions as an interkingdom signal in an enteric microorganism.

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Gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) by comparsion using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41382/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Hua ◽

Heqin cao ◽

Jiao Wang ◽

Fengping He ◽

Guangshun Jiang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

North China ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Panthera Pardus ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Metabolic Phenotypes ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

First Time

Abstract Background: Gut microbes significantly contribute to nutrient digestion and absorption, intestinal health and immunity, and are essential for the survival and environmental adaptation of wild animals. However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota of captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis). Results: A total of 10 mainly bacterial phyla were identified in the fecal microbiota of North China leopard, Lachnoclostridium (p = 0.003), Peptoclostridium (p = 0.005), Bacteroides (p =0.008), Fusobacterium (p = 0.017) and Collinsella (p = 0.019) were significantly higher than those of wild North China leopard. Distinct differences in the fecal metabolic phenotypes of captive and wild North China leopard were found, such as content of l-methionine, n-acetyl-l-tyrosine, pentadecanoic acid and oleic acid. Differentially abundant gut microbes were associated with fecal metabolites, especially the bacteria in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, involved in the metabolism of N-acetyl-L-alanine and D-quinovose.Conclusion: This study reports for the first time the differences in gut microbiota abundance between captive and wild North China leopard, as well as significant differences in fecal metabolic phenotypes between two groups.

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Gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in captive and wild North China leopard (Panthera pardus japonensis) by comparsion using 16s rRNA gene sequencing and LC/MS-based metabolomics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-41382/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Hua ◽

Heqin cao ◽

Jiao Wang ◽

Fengping He ◽

Guangshun Jiang

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

North China ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Panthera Pardus ◽

Gut Microbes ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Metabolic Phenotypes ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing

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Changes in Intestinal Microbiota and Predicted Metabolic Pathways During Colonic Fermentation of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)—Based Bar Indigestible Fraction

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030683 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 683 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wilbert Gutiérrez-Sarmiento ◽

Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi ◽

Isabel Goñi ◽

Federico Antonio Gutiérrez-Miceli ◽

Miguel Abud-Archila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Colonic Fermentation ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Indigestible Fraction

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that constituent part of the indigestible fraction (IF). This fraction reaches the colon and acts as a carbon and energy source for intestinal microbiota. The effect of mango IF on intestinal microbiota during colonic fermentation is unknown. In this study, the isolated IF of a novel ‘Ataulfo’ mango-based bar (snack) UV-C irradiated and non-irradiated (UVMangoB and MangoB) were fermented. Colonic fermentation occurred in vitro under chemical-enzymatic, semi-anaerobic, batch culture and controlled pH colonic conditions. Changes in the structure of fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The community´s functional capabilities were determined in silico. The MangoB and UVMangoB increased the presence of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Catenibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Buttiauxella, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Prevotella and Bacteroides genera. The alpha indexes showed a decrease in microbial diversity after 6 h of colonic fermentation. The coordinates analysis indicated any differences between irradiated and non-irradiated bar. The metabolic prediction demonstrated that MangoB and UVMangoB increase the microbiota carbohydrate metabolism pathway. This study suggests that IF of mango-based bar induced beneficial changes on microbial ecology and metabolic pathway that could be promissory to prevention or treatment of metabolic dysbiosis. However, in vivo interventions are necessary to confirm the interactions between microbiota modulating and intestinal beneficial effects.

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Standardized Natural Citrus Extract dietary supplementation influences sows’ microbiota, welfare, and preweaning piglets’ performances in commercial rearing conditions

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txaa059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1278-1289

Author(s):

Sekhou Cisse ◽

Mohammed El Amine Benarbia ◽

Anne Burel ◽

Marie Friedrich ◽

Beatrice Gabinaud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Citrus Extract

Abstract We investigated the effect of the Standardized Natural Citrus Extract (SNCE; Nor-Spice AB, Nor-Feed SAS, France) on the microbiota of the sows and on the weight gain of their piglets. Fifty sows were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (23 sows) with a standard diet and a SNCE group (27 sows) with a standard diet supplemented with 2,500 ppm of SNCE. Supplementation occurred 10 d before and 5 d after farrowing. Fecal samples from 16 sows (8 randomly selected sows of each dietary treatment) were collected for the fecal microbiota analysis 5 d after farrowing. The supplementation of SNCE increases the amount of cultivable Lactobacillus threefold in vitro. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples for sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The SNCE, which affected the microbiota as a discriminant analysis, was able to separate the microbial communities of the eight sows that received SNCE from the three control sows with 21 Operational Taxonomic Units (area under the ROC curve = 96%). SNCE also reduced the interval between farrowing and the first dejection of the sow and increased their feed intake (P-value < 0.05). Furthermore, feeding the sows with SNCE improved the weight gain of the piglets in the first week of life. These results show that SNCE supplementation allows to enhance zootechnical performances of peripartum’ sows, possibly due to the modulation of the microbiota transmitted to the piglets.

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Isolation Site Influences Virulence Phenotype of Serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae Strains Belonging to Multilocus Sequence Type 15

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01081-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 83 (12) ◽

pp. 4781-4790 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zarina Amin ◽

Richard M. Harvey ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Catherine E. Hughes ◽

Adrienne W. Paton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Sequence Type ◽

Transcriptional Analysis ◽

Innate Immune Responses ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Content Type ◽

Niche Adaptation

Streptococcus pneumoniaeis a diverse species causing invasive as well as localized infections that result in massive global morbidity and mortality. Strains vary markedly in pathogenic potential, but the molecular basis is obscured by the diversity and plasticity of the pneumococcal genome. We have previously reported thatS. pneumoniaeserotype 3 isolates belonging to the same multilocus sequence type (MLST) differed markedly inin vitroandin vivophenotypes, in accordance with the clinical site of isolation, suggesting stable niche adaptation within a clonal lineage. In the present study, we have extended our analysis to serotype 14 clinical isolates from cases of sepsis or otitis media that belong to the same MLST (ST15). In a murine intranasal challenge model, five ST15 isolates (three from blood and two from ears) colonized the nasopharynx to similar extents. However, blood and ear isolates exhibited significant differences in bacterial loads in other host niches (lungs, ear, and brain) at both 24 and 72 h postchallenge. In spite of these differences, blood and ear isolates were present in the lungs at similar levels at 6 h postchallenge, suggesting that early immune responses may underpin the distinct virulence phenotypes. Transcriptional analysis of lung tissue from mice infected for 6 h with blood isolates versus ear isolates revealed 8 differentially expressed genes. Two of these were exclusively expressed in response to infection with the ear isolate. These results suggest a link between the differential capacities to elicit early innate immune responses and the distinct virulence phenotypes of clonally relatedS. pneumoniaestrains.

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