scholarly journals Standardized Natural Citrus Extract dietary supplementation influences sows’ microbiota, welfare, and preweaning piglets’ performances in commercial rearing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1278-1289
Author(s):  
Sekhou Cisse ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Benarbia ◽  
Anne Burel ◽  
Marie Friedrich ◽  
Beatrice Gabinaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Citrus Extract

Abstract We investigated the effect of the Standardized Natural Citrus Extract (SNCE; Nor-Spice AB, Nor-Feed SAS, France) on the microbiota of the sows and on the weight gain of their piglets. Fifty sows were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (23 sows) with a standard diet and a SNCE group (27 sows) with a standard diet supplemented with 2,500 ppm of SNCE. Supplementation occurred 10 d before and 5 d after farrowing. Fecal samples from 16 sows (8 randomly selected sows of each dietary treatment) were collected for the fecal microbiota analysis 5 d after farrowing. The supplementation of SNCE increases the amount of cultivable Lactobacillus threefold in vitro. Microbial DNA was extracted from the fecal samples for sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The SNCE, which affected the microbiota as a discriminant analysis, was able to separate the microbial communities of the eight sows that received SNCE from the three control sows with 21 Operational Taxonomic Units (area under the ROC curve = 96%). SNCE also reduced the interval between farrowing and the first dejection of the sow and increased their feed intake (P-value < 0.05). Furthermore, feeding the sows with SNCE improved the weight gain of the piglets in the first week of life. These results show that SNCE supplementation allows to enhance zootechnical performances of peripartum’ sows, possibly due to the modulation of the microbiota transmitted to the piglets.

scholarly journals Colonization of Supplemented Bifidobacterium breve M-16V in Low Birth Weight Infants and Its Effects on Their Gut Microbiota Weeks Post-administration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Horigome ◽  
Ken Hisata ◽  
Toshitaka Odamaki ◽  
Noriyuki Iwabuchi ◽  
Jin-zhong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve

The colonization and persistence of probiotics introduced into the adult human gut appears to be limited. It is uncertain, however, whether probiotics can successfully colonize the intestinal tracts of full-term and premature infants. In this study, we investigated the colonization and the effect of oral supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V on the gut microbiota of low birth weight (LBW) infants. A total of 22 LBW infants (12 infants in the M-16V group and 10 infants in the control group) were enrolled. B. breve M-16V was administrated to LBW infants in the M-16V group from birth until hospital discharge. Fecal samples were collected from each subject at weeks (3.7–9.3 weeks in the M-16V group and 2.1–6.1 weeks in the control group) after discharge. qPCR analysis showed that the administrated strain was detected in 83.3% of fecal samples in the M-16V group (at log10 8.33 ± 0.99 cell numbers per gram of wet feces), suggesting that this strain colonized most of the infants beyond several weeks post-administration. Fecal microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly higher (P < 0.01), whereas that of Proteobacteria was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the M-16V group as compared with the control group. Notably, the levels of the administrated strain and indigenous Bifidobacterium bacteria were both significantly higher in the M-16V group than in the control group. Our findings suggest that oral administration of B. breve M-16V led to engraftment for at least several weeks post-administration and we observed a potential overall improvement in microbiota formation in the LBW infants’ guts.

Selection, characterisation and evaluation of potential probiotic Lactobacillus spp. isolated from poultry droppings

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Asghar ◽  
M. Arif ◽  
M. Nawaz ◽  
K. Muhammad ◽  
M.A. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Aim of the present study was to characterise and evaluate probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolated from indigenous poultry. Lactobacilli were isolated from poultry droppings and identified by genus specific polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates were characterised in vitro by their ability to tolerate low pH and bile salts, phytase activity, antimicrobial activity, antibiotic susceptibility profile, and autoaggregation and coaggregation with poultry gut pathogens. In vivo evaluation of selected isolates was done by their effect on the body weight gain and immune response of broiler chicks. Total of 90, one-day old chicks, were randomly divided in 9 groups and given selected lactobacilli alone and in combinations (108 cfu/bird, daily) from day 7 to day 35. Body weight gain and humoral immune response to New Castle Disease Virus (NDV) vaccine were determined weekly. Three lactobacilli isolates (SMP52, SMP64 and SMP70) were selected as potentially probiotic bacteria on the basis of in vitro characterisation and identified as Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus casei and L. crispatus, respectively. Chicks supplemented with ‘SMP52’, ‘SMP64’, ‘SMP70’ and ‘SMP64+SMP70’ and a commercial probiotic product (Protexin) showed significantly higher mean weight gain per bird (1,584±35.2, 1,629±30.6, 1,668±34.7, 1,619±29.5 and 1,576±31.7 g/bird, respectively) as compared to negative control group (1,394±26.7 g/bird), on day 35. SMP 70 also showed significantly higher geometric mean titre against NDV vaccine at day 21 as compared to negative control. It is concluded that L. crispatus SMP52, L. casei SMP64 and L. crispatus SMP70 are potential probiotic candidates which alone or in different combinations may increase body weight of broilers.

scholarly journals Dominant Fecal Microbiota in Newly Diagnosed Untreated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lill Therese Thorkildsen ◽  
Felix Chinweije Nwosu ◽  
Ekaterina Avershina ◽  
Petr Ricanek ◽  
Gøri Perminow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Multivariate Curve Resolution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Our knowledge about the microbiota associated with the onset of IBD is limited. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between IBD and the fecal microbiota for early diagnosed untreated patients. The fecal samples used were a part of the Inflammatory Bowel South-Eastern Norway II (IBSEN II) study and were collected from CD patients (n=30), UC patients (n=33), unclassified IBD (IBDU) patients (n=3), and from a control group (n=34). The bacteria associated with the fecal samples were analyzed using a direct 16S rRNA gene-sequencing approach combined with a multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis. In addition, a 16S rRNA gene clone library was prepared for the construction of bacteria-specific gene-targeted single nucleotide primer extension (SNuPE) probes. The MCR analysis resulted in the recovery of five pure components of the dominant bacteria present:Escherichia/Shigella,Faecalibacterium,Bacteroides, and two components of unclassified Clostridiales.Escherichia/Shigellawas found to be significantly increased in CD patients compared to control subjects, andFaecalibacteriumwas found to be significantly reduced in CD patients compared to both UC patients and control subjects. Furthermore, a SNuPE probe specific forEscherichia/Shigellashowed a significant overrepresentation ofEscherichia/Shigellain CD patients compared to control subjects. In conclusion, samples from CD patients exhibited an increase inEscherichia/Shigellaand a decrease inFaecalibacteriumindicating that the onset of the disease is associated with an increase in proinflammatory and a decrease in anti-inflammatory bacteria.

scholarly journals Effects of Vitrification on the Blastocyst Gene Expression Profile in a Porcine Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Cristina Cuello ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Josep M. Cambra ◽  
Inmaculada Parrilla ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transcriptome Profile ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
The Impact

This study was designed to investigate the impact of vitrification on the transcriptome profile of blastocysts using a porcine (Sus scrofa) model and a microarray approach. Blastocysts were collected from weaned sows (n = 13). A total of 60 blastocysts were vitrified (treatment group). After warming, vitrified embryos were cultured in vitro for 24 h. Non-vitrified blastocysts (n = 40) were used as controls. After the in vitro culture period, the embryo viability was morphologically assessed. A total of 30 viable embryos per group (three pools of 10 from 4 different donors each) were subjected to gene expression analysis. A fold change cut-off of ±1.5 and a restrictive threshold at p-value < 0.05 were used to distinguish differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The survival rates of vitrified/warmed blastocysts were similar to those of the control (nearly 100%, n.s.). A total of 205 (112 upregulated and 93 downregulated) were identified in the vitrified blastocysts compared to the control group. The vitrification/warming impact was moderate, and it was mainly related to the pathways of cell cycle, cellular senescence, gap junction, and signaling for TFGβ, p53, Fox, and MAPK. In conclusion, vitrification modified the transcriptome of in vivo-derived porcine blastocysts, resulting in minor gene expression changes.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pijat Bayi terhadap Peningkatan Berat Badan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Yuyuk Eva Fitriyanti ◽  
Gusman Arsyard ◽  
Sumiaty Sumiaty
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Infant Massage ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Indicator of child growth is weight. At the age of 1-3 months is a period of rapid growth, so it is necessary to maintain a baby's weight according to age. Touch therapy or massage is one of technique that combines the physical benefits of human touch with emotional benefits such as bounding and increasing weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of infant massage on weight gain in infants aged 1-3 months in the work area of the Sangurara Health Center in Palu. This type of research was a Quasi-experimental design with pretest and Posttest control group design. The sample in this study was 30 months old infants as many as 30 infants with sampling technique consecutive sampling. Data analysis used test Chi-square with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results show that babies who were massaged had more weight gain, which was 24.07%, while babies who were not massaged had a weight gain of 18.28%. This is evidenced by the value of p value: 0.03 (p.value≤0.05). In conclusion, there was the effect of Baby Massage on Increased Body Weight. Suggestions for researchers for health workers to socialize and suggest baby massage to reduce the case of BGM weight (Under the Red Line) in infants.

Assessment of Degree of Association Between Markers of Oxidative Stress in Lead Poisoned Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2952-2954
Author(s):  
Roomisa Anis ◽  
Misbah-ul- Qamar ◽  
Ayesha Shafqat ◽  
Ayesha Aftab ◽  
Zarafshan Bader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Degree Of Association

Lead (Pb) is an abundant and one of the most lethal metals found in the earth’s crust. Its use by humans dates back to thousands of year. Even the low doses of lead are responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species which leads to oxidative load. This oxidative stress mitigates production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and down regulates antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Study Design: Quasi experimental Study. Place and duration of study: Department of Biochemistry, ANMCH, Islamabad, Pakistan in collaboration with NIH, Islamabad from November, 2018 to April, 2019. Methodology: A total of 40 BALB/c mice were divided into two groups of 20 mice each. Group  was given normal standard diet. Group  was given lead acetate in drinking water with normal diet without any supplementation. Levels of malondialdehyde were measured by using Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was estimated by xanthine oxidase method at the end of study. Results: The results of our study showed increase in MDA and decrease in SOD in lead treated group when compared with the control group. Pearson correlation was applied to assess the degree of association between two parameters, it showed significant negative correlation with value of r = -0.96 and p-value of 0.001 Conclusion: It was concluded from our study that increase in MDA leads to decrease in SOD indicating strong negative correlation in lead poisoned mice. Key words: Lead poisoning, Malondialdehyde, Oxidative Stress, Superoxide Dismutase

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Ginger Extract on Polyphenol Profiles and the Subsequent Impact on the Fecal Microbiota by Simulating Digestion and Fermentation In Vitro

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3194
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Xiaosong Hu ◽  
Fengqin Feng ◽  
Luyun Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Mixed Culture Fermentation

The beneficial effects of ginger polyphenols have been extensively reported. However, their metabolic characteristics and health effects on gut microbiota are poor understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the digestion stability of ginger polyphenols and their prebiotic effects on gut microbiota by simulating digestion and fermentation in vitro. Following simulated digestion in vitro, 85% of the polyphenols were still detectable, and the main polyphenol constituents identified in ginger extract are 6-, 8-, and 10-gingerols and 6-shogaol in the digestive fluids. After batch fermentation, the changes in microbial populations were measured by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In mixed-culture fermentation with fecal inoculate, digested ginger extract (GE) significantly modulated the fecal microbiota structure and promoted the growth of some beneficial bacterial populations, such as Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus. Furthermore, incubation with GE could elevate the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) accompanied by a decrease in the pH value. Additionally, the quantitative PCR results showed that 6-gingerol (6G), as the main polyphenol in GE, increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium significantly. Therefore, 6G is expected to be a potential prebiotic that improves human health by promoting gut health.

scholarly journals Effect of different periodontal ligament simulating materials on the incidence of dentinal cracks during root canal preparation

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
Ajita Rathi ◽  
Prateeksha Chowdhry ◽  
Mamta Kaushik ◽  
Pallavi Reddy ◽  
Roshni Roshni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Group 1

Background. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of dentinal cracks during root canal preparation with different periodontal ligament simulating materials in vitro. Methods. Seventy freshly extracted human mandibular first premolars were selected and divided into 7 groups in terms of simulating material: group 1: polyether impression material; group 2: polyvinyl acetate adhesive; group 3: polyvinyl siloxane impression material; group 4: cyanoacrylate adhesive; group 5: epoxy resin adhesive; group 6: positive control, without any periodontal ligament simulation; and group 7: negative control, where neither a periodontal ligament simulating material was used nor canal preparation was carried out. Root canal preparation was carried out in all the groups followed by sectioning of roots at 3 mm, 6 mm and 9 mm. The sections were evaluated under a stereomicroscope at ×2.5 for the presence or absence of cracks. Chi-squared test was used to compare the appearance of defective roots between the different experimental groups. Results. The least number of cracks were found in the negative control group, followed by group 1 where polyether impression material was used for periodontal ligament simulation. The difference was significant with a P-value of 0.002 for coronal sections. Conclusion. Under the limitation of the present study, polyether and polyvinyl siloxane (light body) can both be used for simulation of periodontal ligament.

scholarly journals Analysis of Surface Roughness and 3D Scanning Topography of Zirconia Implants Before and After Photofunctionalisation by 3D Optical Profilometry- An Invitro Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunjaikumar Ravindran ◽  
Suma Karthigeyan ◽  
Ramesh Bhat ◽  
Madhulika Naidu ◽  
Senthilnathan Natarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Optical Profilometry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Zirconia Implants

Introduction: Zirconia is considered as an alternative material for the fabrication of implants. Surface roughness of the implant plays a fundamental role in the initial bone formation. The rationale of using 3D optical profilometry in this study was to evaluate the surface roughness of the zirconia implants before and after Ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalisation. Also, Moreso 3D optical instruments have a better resolution than the mechanical ones like Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Aim: To analyse the surface roughness and topography of zirconia implants after photofunctionalisation using optical profilometry. Materials and Methods: This is an in-vitro study conducted over a period of six months from March 2020 to August 2020. Ten commercially machined Zirconia implants, five each in study and control group, were micro analysed at three different regions (abutment, thread and crest) by optical profilometry. Study group was surface treated by UV radiation for 48 hours. Quantitative morphometric analysis was done between two groups and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical test applied in this study was independent t-test. Results: Scanning micrographs of the study group revealed highest density of summits contributing to increased surface area in the study group. Quantitative analysis of surface roughness showed statistically significant higher mean roughness parameter for photofunctionalised implants in abutment, crest and thread region (p<0.05). Conclusion: Photofunctionalisation is a potentially synergistic technique in producing textured zirconia implants.

scholarly journals Role of probiotics in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukanyaa S. ◽  
Vinoth S. ◽  
Ramesh S.
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Average Weight Gain

Background: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Probiotics are proposed to aid in the quicker colonisation of the preterm gut by various mechanisms thereby providing innumerable health benefits to the preterm infants. Hence we conducted a study to analyse the role of probiotics in preterm babies. Our primary aim was to compare the weight gain pattern among preterm infants: those receiving probiotic and those who did not receive the probiotic.Methods: Preterm/VLBW babies were selected, randomized and placed into two groups. One group was given the chosen probiotic and the other was kept as control. The weight gain pattern and the duration of hospital stay among the two groups was compared at the end of one month of age.Results: The average weight gain in the probiotic group was higher than the control group which was statistically significant. (mean difference: 0.230 + 0.11 95% CI: -0.796 to -0.251 p value <0.000).Conclusions: Our study was yet another evidence proving the utility of probiotics in the field of neonatalogy.

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