scholarly journals Sound Velocity Measurement of Shock-Compressed Quartz at Extreme Conditions

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Liang Sun ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Zanyang Guan ◽  
Weiming Yang ◽  
Youjun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Velocity ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Planetary Interiors ◽  
New Information ◽  
Laser Facility ◽  
Magnesium Silicates ◽  
Magma Oceans ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Key Parameter

The physical properties of basic minerals such as magnesium silicates, oxides, and silica at extreme conditions, up to 1000 s of GPa, are crucial to understand the behaviors of magma oceans and melting in Super-Earths discovered to data. Their sound velocity at the conditions relevant to the Super-Earth’s mantle is a key parameter for melting process in determining the physical and chemical evolution of planetary interiors. In this article, we used laser indirectly driven shock compression for quartz to document the sound velocity of quartz at pressures of 270 GPa to 870 GPa during lateral unloadings in a high-power laser facility in China. These measurements demonstrate and improve the technique proposed by Li et al. [PRL 120, 215703 (2018)] to determine the sound velocity. The results compare favorably to the SESAME EoS table and previous data. The Grüneisen parameter at extreme conditions was also calculated from sound velocity data. The data presented in our experiment also provide new information on sound velocity to support the dissociation and metallization for liquid quartz at extreme conditions.

Probing phase transitions under extreme conditions by ultrafast techniques: Advances at the Fermi@Elettra free-electron-laser facility

2011 ◽  
Vol 357 (14) ◽  
pp. 2641-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Cicco ◽  
Francesco D'Amico ◽  
Goran Zgrablic ◽  
Emiliano Principi ◽  
Roberto Gunnella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Laser Facility

scholarly journals Diamonds on Diamond: structural studies at extreme conditions on the Diamond Light Source

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2036) ◽  
pp. 20130158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Single Crystal Diffraction ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Extreme conditions (EC) research investigates how the structures and physical and chemical properties of materials change when subjected to extremes of pressure and temperature. Pressures in excess of one million times atmospheric pressure can be achieved using a diamond anvil cell, and, in combination with high-energy, micro-focused radiation from a third-generation synchrotron such as Diamond, detailed structural information can be obtained using either powder or single-crystal diffraction techniques. Here, I summarize some of the research drivers behind international EC research, and then briefly describe the techniques by which high-quality diffraction data are obtained. I then highlight the breadth of EC research possible on Diamond by summarizing four examples from work conducted on the I15 and I19 beamlines, including a study which resulted in the first research paper from Diamond. Finally, I look to the future, and speculate as to the type of EC research might be conducted at Diamond over the next 10 years.

scholarly journals The fate of particles in a volumetrically heated convective fluid at high Prandtl number

2021 ◽  
Vol 929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril Sturtz ◽  
Édouard Kaminski ◽  
Angela Limare ◽  
Stephen Tait
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Magma Chambers ◽  
Internal Heating ◽  
High Prandtl Number ◽  
Magma Oceans ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lava Lakes ◽  
Convective Fluid ◽  
Key Parameter

The dynamics of suspensions plays a crucial role in the evolution of geophysical systems such as lava lakes, magma chambers and magma oceans. During their cooling and solidification, these magmatic bodies involve convective viscous fluids and dispersed solid crystals that can form either a cumulate or a floating lid by sedimentation. We study such systems based on internal heating convection experiments in high Prandtl fluids bearing plastic beads. We aim to determine the conditions required to produce a floating lid or a sedimented deposit. We show that, although the sign of particles buoyancy is the key parameter, it is not sufficient to predict the particles fate. To complement the model we introduce the Shields formalism and couple it with scaling laws describing convection. We propose a generalized Shields number that enables a self-consistent description of the fate of particles in the system, especially the possibility to segregate from the convective bulk. We provide a quantification of the partition of the mass of particles in the different potential reservoirs (bulk suspension, floating lid, settled cumulate) through reconciling the suspension stability framework with the Shields formalism. We illustrate the geophysical implications of the model by revisiting the problem of the stability of flotation crusts on solidifying rocky bodies.

Fluid dynamical aspects of the levitation-melting process

1982 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 45-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Sneyd ◽  
H. K. Moffatt
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Levitation ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Equilibrium Shape ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Levitation Melting ◽  
Interior Flow ◽  
Solid Conductors ◽  
Physical And Chemical

When a piece of metal is placed above a coil carrying a high frequency current, the induced surface currents in the metal can provide a Lorentz force which can support it against gravity; at the same time the heat produced by Joule dissipation can melt the metal. This is the process of ‘levitation melting’, which is a well-established technique in fundamental work in physical and chemical metallurgy. Most theoretical studies of magnetic levitation have dealt only with solid conductors and so have a voided the interesting questions of interaction between the free surface, the magnetic field and the internal flow. These fluid dynamical aspects of the process are studied in this paper.A particular configuration that is studied in detail is a cylinder levitated by two equal parallel currents in phase; this is conceived as part of a toroidal configuration which avoids a difficulty of conventional configurations, viz the leakage of fluid through the ‘magnetic hole’ at a point on the metal surface where the surface tangential magnetic field vanishes. The equilibrium and stability of the solid circular cylinder is first considered; then the dynamics of the surface film when melting begins; then the equilibrium shape of the fully melted body (analysed by means of a general variational principle proved in § 5); and finally the dynamics of the interior flow, which, as argued in § 2, is likely to be turbulent when the levitated mass is of the order of a few grams or greater.

scholarly journals Discovery of Elgoresyite, (Mg,Fe)5Si2O9: Implications for Novel Iron-Magnesium Silicates in Rocky Planetary Interiors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Bindi ◽  
Ryosuke Sinmyo ◽  
Elena Bykova ◽  
Sergey V. Ovsyannikov ◽  
Catherine McCammon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Interiors ◽  
Magnesium Silicates

Comparison of Several Behaviour Laws Intended to Produce a Realistic Ti6Al4V Chip by Finite Elements Modelling

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1197-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Ducobu ◽  
Pedro José Arrazola ◽  
Edouard Rivière-Lorphèvre ◽  
Enrico Filippi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Elements ◽  
Strain Softening ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Finite Elements Modelling ◽  
Behaviour Law ◽  
Experimental Reference ◽  
Key Parameter

The final aim of finite elements modelling is to help in the choice of the cutting parameters and in the comprehension of the involved phenomena. Representing correctly the behaviour of the machined material is hard due to the extreme conditions encountered, although this is a key parameter to develop a realistic model. Four laws are used in this paper to represent the Ti6Al4V. They are all based on the Johnson-Cook law. This study shows that the influence of the behaviour law is high on the chip morphology and on the forces and that the strain softening phenomenon should be taken into account. For the cutting conditions adopted, it is however necessary to add damage properties in the chip to obtain a morphology and a cutting force evolution close to the experimental reference.

Study on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Lueyang’s Basalt Fiber

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1376-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Li ◽  
Ying Meng ◽  
Yan Chun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

By deeply analyzing and studying the physical and chemical properties of Lueyang’s basalt fiber, its characteristics such as the chemical components, the crystallization’s upper limit temperature and lower limit temperature during the melting process, and the the viscosity and temperature change during melting process are verified to provide theoretical bases for the industrial production of a new type composite materials, and meanwhile to offer grounds for the development of a new generation of composite fiber materials.

The Performance of Green Basalt Fiber and its Application in the Civil Engineering Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 193-194 ◽  
pp. 548-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Li ◽  
Ying Meng ◽  
Yan Chun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
New Type ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Type Composite

By deeply analyzing and studying the physical and chemical properties of Lueyang’s basalt fiber, its characteristics such as the chemical components, the crystallization’s upper limit temperature and lower limit temperature during the melting process, and the the viscosity and temperature change during melting process are verified to provide theoretical bases for the industrial production of a new type composite materials, and meanwhile to offer grounds for the development of a new generation of composite fiber materials.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HONEY BEES OF SOME MUNICIPALITIES OF STATE RORAIMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (29) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
L. R. FARIAS ◽  
T. M. F. F. MENDES ◽  
F. S. PANERO ◽  
J. L. SATELLES
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
The State ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
New Information ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The objective of this study was to characterize, through the physical-chemical parameters: pH, density, refractive index, moisture, total acidity, electrical conductivity, Lund test and ash, 20 honey bee samples from some municipalities in the State of Roraima : Cantá, Caroebe, São Luís do Anauá, Pacaraima and Vila Moderna. The results showed that 45% of the total samples studied presented values of moisture and acidity above the limits established by the standards. It is known that these parameters are related to the degree of maturity, processing, conditions of storage, adulteration and freshness of these honeys. As for the 55% of the remaining samples, these presented results within the limits established by the Brazilian standards, however, it is necessary to determine the other parameters required by the legislation to infer about the quality of the honeys produced and marketed in Roraima. In general, the results obtained present new information on the parameters that define the honey quality of bees in the State of Roraima.

scholarly journals Tierfährten aus dem Pleistozän von Holstein: Ein Beitrag zur Ichnologie der Bändertone

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
Hans Murawski
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. The tracks shown in this paper are found in varved clavs of Pleistocene age at Malkwitz near Malente/Holstein (N-Germany) (fig. 1-4). They appear only in summer-layers of these varved clays. The tracks of fig. 1 (1-4), (8), (9) will be made by animals (e. g. insects or larvae), but those of fig. 1 (5-7) are probablv produced inorganically (twigs etc.. driven through shallow water). In comparison with these marks fig. 5 shows tracks, which are described by other authors from different places in Central-Europe. It is verv difficult to find the organisme responsible for these marks, because nobody has found anv fossil hitherto, which could have made the marks when it lived in these little perlglaclal lakes. On the other hand these lakes are situated in a climatic zone giving an environment with extreme conditions. It is possible that the originators of these tracks have not lived permanently in the lakes. This would be a form of life such as that of insect larvae. The form and construction of these marks is dependent on the animal, its anatomy, its way of life etc., but also on the region in which it lives. The grade of compaction, the water content of the sediment and other physical and chemical conditions are also very important.

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