scholarly journals Mineralogical Distribution of Germanium, Gallium and Indium at the Mt Carlton High-Sulfidation Epithermal Deposit, NE Australia, and Comparison with Similar Deposits Worldwide

Minerals ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Sahlström ◽  
Antonio Arribas ◽  
Paul Dirks ◽  
Isaac Corral ◽  
Zhaoshan Chang
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Epithermal Deposit ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
High Sulfidation ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Stage 1

Germanium, gallium and indium are in high demand due to their growing usage in high-tech and green-tech applications. However, the mineralogy and the mechanisms of concentration of these critical elements in different types of hydrothermal ore deposits remain poorly constrained. We investigated the mineralogical distribution of Ge, Ga and In at the Mt Carlton high-sulfidation epithermal deposit in NE Australia, using electron probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Parageneses from which selected minerals were analyzed include: Stage 1 acid sulfate alteration (alunite), Stage 2A high-sulfidation enargite mineralization (enargite, argyrodite, sphalerite, pyrite, barite), Stage 2B intermediate-sulfidation sphalerite mineralization (sphalerite, pyrite, galena) and Stage 3 hydrothermal void fill (dickite). Moderate to locally high concentrations of Ga were measured in Stage 1 alunite (up to 339 ppm) and in Stage 3 dickite (up to 150 ppm). The Stage 2A ores show enrichment in Ge, which is primarily associated with argyrodite (up to 6.95 wt % Ge) and Ge-bearing enargite (up to 2189 ppm Ge). Co-existing sphalerite has comparatively low Ge content (up to 143 ppm), while Ga (up to 1181 ppm) and In (up to 571 ppm) are higher. Sphalerite in Stage 2B contains up to 611 ppm Ge, 2829 ppm Ga and 2169 ppm In, and locally exhibits fine colloform bands of an uncharacterized Zn-In mineral with compositions close to CuZn2(In,Ga)S4. Barite, pyrite and galena which occur in association with Stage 2 mineralization were found to play negligible roles as carriers of Ge, Ga and In at Mt Carlton. Analyzed reference samples of enargite from seven similar deposits worldwide have average Ge concentrations ranging from 12 to 717 ppm (maximum 2679 ppm). The deposits from which samples showed high enrichment in critical elements in this study are all hosted in stratigraphic sequences that locally contain carbonaceous sedimentary rocks. In addition to magmatic-hydrothermal processes, such rocks could potentially be important for the concentration of critical elements in high-sulfidation epithermal deposits.

scholarly journals Antimony and Nickel Impurities in Blue and Green Copper Pigments

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1236
Author(s):  
Sylwia Svorová Pawełkowicz ◽  
Barbara Wagner ◽  
Jakub Kotowski ◽  
Grażyna Zofia Żukowska ◽  
Bożena Gołębiowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
First Time

Impurities in paint layers executed with green and blue copper pigments, although relatively common, have been studied only little to date. Yet, their proper identification is a powerful tool for classification of paintings, and, potentially, for future provenance studies. In this paper, we present analyses of copper pigments layers from wall paintings situated in the vicinity of copper ore deposits (the palace in Kielce, the palace in Ciechanowice, and the parish church in Chotków) located within the contemporary borders of Poland. We compare the results with the analyses of copper minerals from three deposits, two local, and one historically important for the supply of copper in Europe, i.e., Miedzianka in the Holy Cross Mountains, Miedzianka in the Sudetes, and, as a reference, Špania Dolina in the Slovakian Low Tatra. Optical (OM) and electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) have been used for a detailed investigation of the minute grains. Special attention has been devoted to antimony and nickel phases, as more unusual than the commonly described iron oxides. Analyses of minerals from the deposits helped to interpret the results obtained from the paint samples. For the first time, quantitative analyses of copper pigments’ impurities have been described.

scholarly journals Determination of Essential and Toxic Elements in Cattle Blood: Serum vs Plasma

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Luna ◽  
Marta López-Alonso ◽  
Yolanda Cedeño ◽  
Lucas Rigueira ◽  
Víctor Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential And Toxic Elements ◽  
High Concentrations

This study was designed to evaluate the influence of type of blood sample (serum or plasma) on essential and toxic element analysis in cattle. Paired plasma and serum samples (n = 20) were acid digested, and the concentrations of As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn. Mo, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study findings indicate that plasma and serum samples appear suitable and interchangeable for the determination of most of the essential and toxic elements in blood in cattle. The only exceptions are Cu and Se, the concentrations of which were significantly lower (40.9 and 29.9% respectively) in serum than in plasma. Some of the Cu in blood samples from bovine ruminants is known to be sequestered during clotting. However, further research on Se in ruminants and other animal species is warranted. Finally, the significantly higher Mn (9.9%) concentrations in serum than in plasma may have been caused by haemolysis of some samples. Special attention should be paid to preventing haemolysis of samples during collection and processing, in order to prevent overestimation of elements present at high concentrations inside erythrocytes (i.e., Fe, Mn and Zn).

scholarly journals Behavior of Battery Metals Lithium, Cobalt, Manganese and Lanthanum in Black Copper Smelting

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dańczak ◽  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Matti Kurhila ◽  
Pekka Taskinen ◽  
Daniel Lindberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Energy Storage Materials ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Lithium Cobalt

Recycling of metals from different waste streams must be increased in the near future for securing the availability of metals that are critical for high-tech applications, such as batteries for e-mobility. Black copper smelting is a flexible recycling route for many different types of scrap, including Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and some end-of-life energy storage materials. Fundamental thermodynamic data about the behavior of battery metals and the effect of slag additives is required for providing data necessary for process development, control, and optimization. The goal of our study is to investigate the suitability of black copper smelting process for recycling of battery metals lithium, cobalt, manganese, and lanthanum. The experiments were performed alumina crucibles at 1300 °C, in oxygen partial pressure range of 10−11–10−8 atm. The slags studied contained 0 to 6 wt% of MgO. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) techniques were utilized for phase composition quantifications. The results reveal that most cobalt can be recovered into the copper alloy in extremely reducing process conditions, whereas lithium, manganese, and lanthanum deport predominantly in the slag at all investigated oxygen partial pressures.

scholarly journals Seed Mineral Composition and Protein Content of Faba Beans (Vicia faba L.) with Contrasting Tannin Contents

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Khazaei ◽  
Albert Vandenberg
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Two-thirds of the world’s population are at risk of deficiency in one or more essential mineral elements. The high concentrations of essential mineral elements in pulse seeds are fundamentally important to human and animal nutrition. In this study, seeds of 25 genotypes of faba bean (12 low-tannin and 13 normal-tannin genotypes) were evaluated for mineral nutrients and protein content in three locations in Western Canada during 2016–2017. Seed mineral concentrations were examined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the protein content was determined by Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Location and year (site-year) effects were significant for all studied minerals, with less effect for calcium (Ca) and protein content. Genotype by environment interactions were found to be small for magnesium (Mg), cobalt (Co), Ca, zinc (Zn), and protein content. Higher seed concentrations of Ca, manganese (Mn), Mg, and cadmium (Cd) were observed for low-tannin genotypes compared to tannin-containing genotypes. The protein content was 1.9% higher in low-tannin compared to tannin-containing genotypes. The high estimated heritability for concentrations of seed Mg, Ca, Mn, potassium (K), sulphur (S), and protein content in this species suggests that genetic improvement is possible for mineral elements.

Geological Significance of Rare Earth Elements in Chinese Mount Huaying and their Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 637-641
Author(s):  
Wei Yi ◽  
Hong Jun Wang ◽  
Ting Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Terrigenous Material ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Eu Anomaly ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Analyses of REEs in 25 bulk samples collected from the Late Permian Longtan Formation in Mount Huaying district of Sichuan Province were determined useing Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. The results indicate that REEs patterns are not controlled by materials from the sea, whereas the contribution of land plants is less than 0.5%. The ultimate sources of REEs are from terrigenous material as indicated by negative Eu anomaly. The Mount Emei basalt contributes to REEs enrichment of study area and all samples belong to the LREE-rich type and are enriched in LREEs relative to HREEs. So the sources of REEs are controlled by terrigenous material of Mount Emei basalt. Rare earths are an interesting group of metals that have recently become quite useful in high tech, and today they are strategic materials in the world economy. Besides, REEs play a key role in the green energy sector, REEs wide range of uses.

Trace elements in hydrothermal chalcopyrite

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke L. George ◽  
Nigel J. Cook ◽  
Bryony B. P. Crowe ◽  
Cristiana L. Ciobanu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sulfide Assemblage

ABSTRACTConcentration data are reported for 18 trace elements in chalcopyrite from a suite of 53 samples from 15 different ore deposits obtained by laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Chalcopyrite is demonstrated to host a wide range of trace elements including Mn, Co, Zn, Ga, Se, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi. The concentration of some of these elements can be high (hundreds to thousands of ppm) but most are typically tens to hundreds of ppm. The ability of chalcopyrite to host trace elements generally increases in the absence of other co-crystallizing sulfides. In deposits in which the sulfide assemblage recrystallized during syn-metamorphic deformation, the concentrations of Sn and Ga in chalcopyrite will generally increase in the presence of co-recrystallizing sphalerite and/or galena, suggesting that chalcopyrite is the preferred host at higher temperatures and/or pressures. Trace-element concentrations in chalcopyrite typically show little variation at the sample scale, yet there is potential for significant variation between samples from any individual deposit. The Zn:Cd ratio in chalcopyrite shows some evidence of a systematic variation across the dataset, which depends, at least in part, on temperature of crystallization. Under constant physiochemical conditions the Cd:Zn ratios in co-crystallizing chalcopyrite and sphalerite are typically approximately equal. Any distinct difference in the Cd:Zn ratios in the two minerals, and/or a non-constant Cd:Zn ratio in chalcopyrite, may be an indication of varying physiochemical conditions during crystallization.Chalcopyrite is generally a poor host for most elements considered harmful or unwanted in the smelting of Cu, suggesting it is rarely a significant contributor to the overall content of such elements in copper concentrates. The exceptions are Se and Hg which may be sufficiently enriched in chalcopyrite to exceed statutory limits and thus incur monetary penalties from a smelter.

scholarly journals Where do elements bind within the otoliths of fish?

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Izzo ◽  
Zoë A. Doubleday ◽  
Bronwyn M. Gillanders
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
Mineral Component ◽  
Fish Physiology ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Component Element ◽  
High Concentrations

Otolith element analyses are used extensively to reconstruct environmental histories of fish based on the assumption that elements substitute for calcium within the CaCO3 otolith structure. However, elements may also be incorporated within the protein component of the otolith in addition to the direct substitution for calcium in the mineral component, and this could introduce errors in environmental reconstructions. The aim of the present study was to determine whether elements were incorporated into the protein or mineral components of otoliths and the relative proportion of each element in each component. Element concentrations from whole ground otoliths and the isolated protein component were quantified using solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Of the 12 elements investigated, most were found in both the proteinaceous and mineral components, but always in greater concentrations in the latter. Elements considered ‘non-essential’ to fish physiology with Ca-like properties (i.e. alkaline metals) were present in the mineral component in relatively high concentrations. Elements essential to fish physiology with smaller atomic radii than Ca (i.e. transition metals) were distributed throughout the protein and mineral components of the otolith. These findings enhance our understanding of element incorporation in the otolith and, ultimately, improve interpretations of otolith-based environmental reconstructions.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Technology-critical Elements (TCE) in Recent Freshwater and Marine Pristine Lake Sediments in Croatia: a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bačić ◽  
Nevenka Mikac ◽  
Mavro Lučić ◽  
Ivan Sondi
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Marine Lakes ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sediment Layers ◽  
Lake Systems ◽  
Plitvice Lakes

Abstract The appearance and vertical distribution of technology-critical elements (TCE) such as Li, Nb, Sc, Ga, Y, La, Sb, Ge, Te, and W were investigated in sediment cores taken in pristine freshwater and marine lakes located within protected areas of Croatia (Plitvice Lakes, Visovac Lake, and Mir Lake). These lake systems are isolated from the direct impact of human activities, and accordingly, the geochemical research in such environments may help to assess temporal trends in historical deposition of anthropogenic TCE. The analytical method of choice in determining the concentration of TCEs was High resolution inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS). The results obtained have shown that the measured TCE spanned with wide ranges of concentrations, as a result of the different input of terrigenous material into the investigated lake systems which is further diluted by the formation of authigenic and biogenic carbonates. Evaluation of the anthropogenic impact on TCE levels showed low enrichment of Sb and Te in the upper sediment layers of the Mir Lake and the Plitvice Lakes. Despite that, concentrations of investigated TCE were low, compared to results described in the literature, indicating that the investigated remote lakes can be considered uncontaminated with these elements.

scholarly journals Heavy metal elements in toiletries analyzed by INAA, ICP-MS and SEM-EDX

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Author(s):  
E. Furuta ◽  
H. Minowa ◽  
K. Tagami ◽  
Y. Okada ◽  
H. Nakahara
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Heavy Metal Elements ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractRecently, many toiletries claiming inclusion of platinum (Pt), silver (Ag) and gold (Au) as additives are sold in ordinary cosmetics shops. However, their concentrations are not clearly indicated. In the present work, these toiletries were analyzed for heavy metal elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the particle sizes were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the constitutions of the small particles were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The concentrations of Pt in the toiletries observed were from 1 to 80 ppm. The lower detection limit of Pt by INAA was about 1 ppm because of the presence of sodium in high concentrations for those samples. Consequently, some toiletries which should have had Pt according to the manufactures were found not to contain Pt probably because it was less than the detection limit. On the other hand, there were a few toiletries that were found to contain Ag although the addition of Ag was not mentioned by the manufactures. It is considered that these non-indicated Ag were included as impurities of the added Au. The concentrations of the non-indicated Ag were even higher than those of the indicated Ag. A very small amount of Sr, which was nominated in the negative list of Japan, was also detected in 2 out of 5 kinds of toiletries analyzed by ICP-MS.

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