scholarly journals A Review on Comprehensive Utilization of Red Mud and Prospect Analysis

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Ning Sun ◽  
Honghu Tang ◽  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization

Red mud (RM) is a by-product of extracting of alumina from bauxite. Red mud contains high quantities of alkali-generating minerals and metal ions, which can cause significant environmental damage. Many valuable components such as rare-earth elements, Al, and Fe, in RM are difficult to be utilized owing to their particle size and alkalinity. Thus, developing an economical and efficient technology to consume a large amount of RM can efficiently solve RM disposal issues. This paper systematically reviews the comprehensive utilization methods for reducing RM environmental pollution and divides the comprehensive utilization of RM into three aspects: the effective extraction of valuable components, resource transformation, and environmental application. Based on resource, economic, and environmental benefits, the development of new technologies and new processes with market competitiveness, environmental protection, and ecological balance should be the prerequisite for the low-energy, low-pollution, low-cost, and high-efficiency comprehensive utilization of RM. The direction of future research to solve RM disposal issues is also suggested.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey on Cyber-Physical Smart Grid Testbed Architectures: Requirements and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Abdallah A. Smadi ◽  
Babatunde Tobi Ajao ◽  
Brian K. Johnson ◽  
Hangtian Lei ◽  
Yacine Chakhchoukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data

The integration of improved control techniques with advanced information technologies enables the rapid development of smart grids. The necessity of having an efficient, reliable, and flexible communication infrastructure is achieved by enabling real-time data exchange between numerous intelligent and traditional electrical grid elements. The performance and efficiency of the power grid are enhanced with the incorporation of communication networks, intelligent automation, advanced sensors, and information technologies. Although smart grid technologies bring about valuable economic, social, and environmental benefits, testing the combination of heterogeneous and co-existing Cyber-Physical-Smart Grids (CP-SGs) with conventional technologies presents many challenges. The examination for both hardware and software components of the Smart Grid (SG) system is essential prior to the deployment in real-time systems. This can take place by developing a prototype to mimic the real operational circumstances with adequate configurations and precision. Therefore, it is essential to summarize state-of-the-art technologies of industrial control system testbeds and evaluate new technologies and vulnerabilities with the motivation of stimulating discoveries and designs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the advancement of CP-SGs with their corresponding testbeds including diverse testing paradigms has been performed. In particular, we broadly discuss CP-SG testbed architectures along with the associated functions and main vulnerabilities. The testbed requirements, constraints, and applications are also discussed. Finally, the trends and future research directions are highlighted and specified.

scholarly journals Red Mud-Based Polyaluminum Ferric Chloride Flocculant: Preparation, Characterization and Flocculation Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Cheng ◽  
Longjun Xu ◽  
Chenglun Liu ◽  
Zao Jiang ◽  
Qiyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Iron Chloride ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Solution Ph

Abstract In this work, red mud was used as raw material to extract Al and Fe with hydrochloric acid. The high-efficiency polyaluminum iron chloride (PAFC) flocculant was prepared via adjusting the pH of the leaching solution, the molar ratio of aluminum and iron, and the polymerization temperature. The effect of synthesis and flocculation conditions on the flocculation performance of aged landfill leachate was investigated. The results confirmed that the PAFC prepared at the polymerization pH of 2.5, the Al/Fe molar ratio of 8, and the polymerization temperature of 70 °C had the optimum flocculation effect. The flocculation consequences of PAFC and commercial polyaluminum iron chloride flocculant (CPAFC) under different flocculation conditions were compared. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), UV254, chroma and settlement height of PAFC at flocculant concentration of 60 g/L and solution pH of 6 were 72.2%, 79.2%, 82.9% and 9.5 cm (within 90 min), respectively. PAFC has excellent flocculation performance and can be used as a simple, potentially low-cost wastewater treatment agent in industrial applications.

The Research Development of Basic Theory in Micro-Forming

2013 ◽  
Vol 850-851 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Xi Yang Sun ◽  
Dong Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Size Effects ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Basic Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Micro Forming ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Important Significance

With the increasing demand for high efficiency, low cost and the bulk, so the production of micro-forming has a very important significance. Firstly, the introduction of micro-forming is introduced in this paper. Then, its basic theory, including size effects and temperature effects, is presented. At last, a future research direction is highlighted.

scholarly journals Sharing Economy and Fast Fashion (Sustainability and virtual consumer behavior: A review and research agenda)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Ruiz Navarro ◽  
Carolina Hintzmann ◽  
August Corrons
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Holistic Understanding

<p>The main objective of this work, through a literature review, is to contextualize the importance of fashion consumer behavior towards a more sustainable economy, emphasizing the sharing economy as an alternative to fast fashion through virtual networks, and therefore also highlights the use that consumers make of new technologies (social networks, mobile applications, or collaborative platforms). The specific objectives are none other than showing the need to contribute to the reduction of pollution, damage to the environment and the overconsumption of natural resources (water, energy, or materials) involved in the manufacture of clothing. All this linked to consumer behavior, innovation, electronic commerce, the sharing economy, and the entrepreneurship of the social and solidarity economy. It is for this reason that this work is approached from a perspective that can help to promote the exchange of fashion, examining the antecedents of the intention of consumers to participate in virtual fashion networks.</p> <p>The consolidation of the sharing economy in the fashion industry could offer social, economic, and environmental benefits, so this research also wants to highlight the convenience of identifying and analyzing the different beliefs of people with similar behaviors using this type of virtual fashion networks and platforms, and that, due to the confinement of COVID-19, seems to have increased exponentially.</p> <p>The value that is provided is to establish a common framework for discussion, within which the research has been carried out, since there is still much to analyze about consumer behavior in this context, and therefore the future of research in this area must bring together social, economic, and technological research to provide a more holistic understanding.</p> <p>It is desirable that sustainability and the need for more sustainable consumption are a motivating influence for future research on the sharing economy related to fast fashion and virtual consumer behavior.</p>

scholarly journals Research on the Technology of Recovering Low Concentration Ni+ Metal Ion Solution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huige Chen ◽  
Hangyu Chen ◽  
Kechi Chen ◽  
Xinda Wu ◽  
Wanyu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Strong Discontinuity ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Recycling Systems

Under environmentally friendly and environmental issues, wastewater treatment in laboratories and factories is an important international issue. Among them, wastewater from the chemical industry accounts for a large part of industrial wastewater discharge. The introduction of new technologies to treat chemical wastewater is of great significance. In particular, the amount of wastewater produced by inorganic chemistry experiments is relatively large, and the pollutants are mostly heavy metal salts. According to the characteristics of inorganic chemistry experimental wastewater, such as special nature, small amount, strong discontinuity, high hazard, complex and changeable composition, etc., design a chemical reaction to provide a practical and feasible method to treat wastewater with high efficiency and low cost. This research initially takes Ni+ metal ion waste liquid as the first stage of recycling and treatment to improve the traditional low-concentration non-economic treatment. The preliminary results of this research are neutralization reaction and optimal pH value control of Ni+ waste liquid to generate Ni+ precursors to increase the economic value of recycling will be the basis for providing in-house recycling systems for electroplating plants, panel plants, and semiconductor plants to achieve emission reduction, green chemical industry and green environmental protection.

The emerging applications of metal phosphides in carbon dioxide reduction reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihao Wang ◽  
Gaofu Li ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Zhuoyan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Metal Phosphides

The development of low-cost and high-efficiency catalysts is very important to promote carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Metal phosphides (MPs) are promising catalysts for CO2 reduction because of their excellent electrical conductivity, good stability, high activity and selectivity. In this review, we summarize the latest progress of MPs in CO2RR from chemocatalysis, electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, and discuss in detail their advantages and catalytic mechanism. In the end, we provide some potential challenges and inspiring outlooks to serve as guidance for future research and practical applications of MPs in catalytic CO2 reduction.

scholarly journals Sharing Economy and Fast Fashion (Sustainability and virtual consumer behavior: A review and research agenda)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon Ruiz Navarro ◽  
Carolina Hintzmann ◽  
August Corrons
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Fast Fashion ◽  
Holistic Understanding

<p>The main objective of this work, through a literature review, is to contextualize the importance of fashion consumer behavior towards a more sustainable economy, emphasizing the sharing economy as an alternative to fast fashion through virtual networks, and therefore also highlights the use that consumers make of new technologies (social networks, mobile applications, or collaborative platforms). The specific objectives are none other than showing the need to contribute to the reduction of pollution, damage to the environment and the overconsumption of natural resources (water, energy, or materials) involved in the manufacture of clothing. All this linked to consumer behavior, innovation, electronic commerce, the sharing economy, and the entrepreneurship of the social and solidarity economy. It is for this reason that this work is approached from a perspective that can help to promote the exchange of fashion, examining the antecedents of the intention of consumers to participate in virtual fashion networks.</p> <p>The consolidation of the sharing economy in the fashion industry could offer social, economic, and environmental benefits, so this research also wants to highlight the convenience of identifying and analyzing the different beliefs of people with similar behaviors using this type of virtual fashion networks and platforms, and that, due to the confinement of COVID-19, seems to have increased exponentially.</p> <p>The value that is provided is to establish a common framework for discussion, within which the research has been carried out, since there is still much to analyze about consumer behavior in this context, and therefore the future of research in this area must bring together social, economic, and technological research to provide a more holistic understanding.</p> <p>It is desirable that sustainability and the need for more sustainable consumption are a motivating influence for future research on the sharing economy related to fast fashion and virtual consumer behavior.</p>

scholarly journals Integrated Project Delivery (IPD): An Updated Review and Analysis Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Marina L. Viana ◽  
Bonaventura H. W. Hadikusumo ◽  
Mazlina Z. Mohammad ◽  
Zahra Kahvandi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Integrated Project Delivery ◽  
Scientific Database ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Integrated Project

AbstractIntegrated Project Delivery (IPD) is introduced as a new delivery system that fosters high efficiency by delivering accurate information and new technologies in a collaborative team environment. In this sense, the research aimed to review the IPD principles and their main categories, such as contract, process, information & modeling (I&M), team and communication as well as perform a qualitative analysis to illustrate the current research trends. The qualitative analysis performed was made through a series of collected articles from 2001 to 2018 in 08 different scientific database websites. In terms of the results, the contract category illustrated a strong trend, where the studies are focus on collaborations and frameworks to enhance high efficiency in construction. In the I&M category, demonstrated an increasing trend applying the Building Information & Modeling (BIM) subject as well as team category, where showed the importance of a wellstructured team and their impact on the project., The process and communication categories illustrated a weak trend, allowing opportunities in the field. Finally, the current study reviewed and analyzed the IPD and its main categories allowing a solid basis for future research.

scholarly journals Immobilization of 60Co and 90Sr ions using red mud from aluminum industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Milenkovic ◽  
Ivana Smiciklas ◽  
Jelena Markovic ◽  
Nikola Vukelic
Keyword(s):  
Red Mud ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Desorption ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Maximum Sorption ◽  
Initial Ph

The removal of 60Co and 90Sr from the aqueous phase was tested using red mud - the fine grained residue from bauxite ore processing. This industrial waste represents a mixture of numerous minerals, mainly oxides and hydroxides of Fe, Al, Si, and Ti. Experiments were conducted as a function of contact time, pH, and pollutant concentrations. Kinetic data were well fitted with a pseudo-second order equation. The calculated rate constants and initial sorption rates indicated faster sorption of Sr2+ ions. Removal of both cations rapidly increased with the initial pH increase from 2.5 to 3.5. With the further increase of pH, Co2+ sorption was nearly constant (98%-100%), whereas Sr2+ removal remained at the same level to initial pH ~8 and gradually increased to 100% at pH 12. Equilibrium sorption data followed the Langmuir model, with the maximum sorption capacities of 0.52 mmol/g for Co2+ and 0.31 mmol/g for Sr2+. Sorbed cations exhibited high stability in distilled water. Desorption of Co2+ was also negligible in the presence of the competing Ca2+ cation, while 42%-25% of Sr2+ ions were desorbed depending on the previously sorbed amount. The results indicate that red mud is of potential significance as Co2+ and Sr2+ immobilization agent due to its high efficiency, abundance, and low-cost.

Influence of MBE Growth Conditions on Dislocation Densities of GaAs/Ge Epilayers Grown on Silicon Substrates

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 364-365
Author(s):  
K.M. Hones ◽  
P. Sheldon ◽  
B.G. Yacobi ◽  
A. Mason
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lattice Mismatch ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Nonradiative Recombination ◽  
Device Structure ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dislocation Densities ◽  
Dislocation Type

There is increasing interest in growing epitaxial GaAs on Si substrates. Such a device structure would allow low-cost substrates to be used for high-efficiency cascade- junction solar cells. However, high-defect densities may result from the large lattice mismatch (∼4%) between the GaAs epilayer and the silicon substrate. These defects can act as nonradiative recombination centers that can degrade the optical and electrical properties of the epitaxially grown GaAs. For this reason, it is important to optimize epilayer growth conditions in order to minimize resulting dislocation densities. The purpose of this paper is to provide an indication of the quality of the epitaxially grown GaAs layers by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to examine dislocation type and density as a function of various growth conditions. In this study an intermediate Ge layer was used to avoid nucleation difficulties observed for GaAs growth directly on Si substrates. GaAs/Ge epilayers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si substrates in a manner similar to that described previously.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document