scholarly journals Sorbus domestica Leaf Extracts and Their Activity Markers: Antioxidant Potential and Synergy Effects in Scavenging Assays of Multiple Oxidants

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rutkowska ◽  
Monika Anna Olszewska ◽  
Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas ◽  
Pawel Nowak ◽  
Aleksandra Owczarek
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Complex Composition ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
Multiple Oxidants

Sorbus domestica leaves are a traditionally used herbal medicine recommended for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. Dry leaf extracts (standardized by LC-MS/MS and LC-PDA) and nine model activity markers (polyphenols), were tested in scavenging assays towards six in vivo-relevant oxidants (O2•−, OH•, NO•, H2O2, ONOO−, HClO). Ascorbic acid (AA) and Trolox (TX) were used as positive standards. The most active extracts were the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions with activities in the range of 3.61–20.03 µmol AA equivalents/mg, depending on the assay. Among the model compounds, flavonoids were especially effective in OH• scavenging, while flavan-3-ols were superior in O2•− quenching. The most active constituents were quercetin, (−)-epicatechin, procyanidins B2 and C1 (3.94–24.16 µmol AA/mg), but considering their content in the extracts, isoquercitrin, (−)-epicatechin and chlorogenic acid were indicated as having the greatest influence on extract activity. The analysis of the synergistic effects between those three compounds in an O2•− scavenging assay demonstrated that the combination of chlorogenic acid and isoquercitrin exerts the greatest influence. The results indicate that the extracts possess a strong and broad spectrum of antioxidant capacity and that their complex composition plays a key role, with various constituents acting complementarily and synergistically.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of Curcumin and Nano-Curcumin against Toxicity, Carcinogenicity, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Tartrazine at Normal and Cancer Cell Levels

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Gaber E. El-Desoky ◽  
Saikh M. Wabaidur ◽  
Mohamed A. Habila ◽  
Zeid A. AlOthman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Nano Formulation

In this study, the cellular synergistic and antagonistic effects of mixing tartrazine (TZ) with curcumin (CUR) or curcumin-nanoparticles (CUR-NPs) were investigated. The in vivo administration of TZ, CUR, CUR-NPs, and TZ mixed with CUR or CUR-NPs at 75:25 or 50:50 ratios were tested. The results indicated that CUR and CUR -NPs reduced the cytotoxicity effects of TZ on skin fibroblast BJ-1 (ATCC® CRL-2522™) normal cells. However, among the tested materials, CUR-NPs had highest in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity compared to TZ. Furthermore, CUR-NPs and CUR exhibited anticancer activity against HepG-2 liver cancer cells via apoptosis induction. The key apoptosis protein genes Caspase-3, p53, and Bax were upregulated, whereas Bc-2, which exhibits anti-apoptosis activity, was downregulated. Our results indicated that the nano-formulation of CUR alters its physicochemical properties, including the size and shape, and increases its antioxidant and anticancer properties. CUR-NPs also overcome the side effect of using TZ as a yellow color and food preservative additive, due to its reduced toxicity, oxidative stress, and carcinogenicity. In agreement with our previous findings, CUR and CUR-NPs were able to protect against cellular oxidative stress by stimulating endogenous antioxidant defense enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). We conclude that the nano-formulation of CUR exhibits economic benefits as a new strategy to use CUR as a food additive at the cellular level.

Chlorogenic acid protects against liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro through inhibition of oxidative stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Shi ◽  
Ameng Shi ◽  
Lei Dong ◽  
Xiaolan Lu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid

scholarly journals Phenolic Rich Extract fromClinacanthus nutansAttenuates Hyperlipidemia-Associated Oxidative Stress in Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadarajan Sarega ◽  
Mustapha Umar Imam ◽  
Der-Jiun Ooi ◽  
Kim Wei Chan ◽  
Norhaizan Md Esa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Clinacanthus nutansis used as traditional medicine in Asia but there are limited scientific studies to support its use. In this study, the stem and leaf ofC. nutanswere extracted using solvents of differing polarities, and their antioxidant capacities were determined using multiple antioxidant assays. The water and aqueous methanolic leaf extracts were further fractionated and their antioxidant capacities and phenolic compositions were tested. Furthermore, the efficacies of the water and aqueous methanolic leaf extracts were tested against hyperlipidemia-induced oxidative stress in rats. Serum and hepatic antioxidant and oxidative stress markers were tested after feeding the rats with high fat diet together with the extracts or simvastatin for 7 weeks. The results indicated that both leaf extracts attenuated oxidative stress through increasing serum antioxidant enzymes activity and upregulating the expression of hepatic antioxidant genes. Multiple phenolic compounds were detected in the extracts and fractions ofC. nutans, although protocatechuic acid was one of the most abundant and may have contributed significantly towards the bioactivities of the extracts. However, synergistic effects of different phenolics may have contributed to the overall bioactivities.C. nutanscan be a good source of functional ingredients for the management of oxidative stress-related diseases.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of α-Lipoic Acid and Chlorogenic Acid on Cadmium-Induced Liver Injury in Three-Yellow Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1606
Author(s):  
Jiabin Shi ◽  
Xiaocui Chang ◽  
Hui Zou ◽  
Jianhong Gu ◽  
Yan Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Mitochondrial Pathway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects

Cadmium (Cd) is a type of noxious heavy metal that is distributed widely. It can severely injure the hepatocytes and cause liver dysfunction by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. We evaluated the protective effects of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) or chlorogenic acid (CGA) and their combination on counteracting cadmium toxicity in vivo in three-yellow chickens. For three months, CdCl2 (50 mg/L) was administrated through their drinking water, α-LA (400 mg/kg) was added to feed and CGA (45 mg/kg) was employed by gavage. The administration of Cd led to variations in growth performance, biochemical markers (of the liver, kidney and heart), hematological parameters, liver histopathology (which suggested hepatic injury) and ultrastructure of hepatocytes. Some antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress parameters showed significant differences in the Cd-exposure group when compared with the control group. The groups treated with Cd and administrated α-LA or CGA showed significant amelioration with inhibited mitochondrial pathway-induced apoptosis. Combining both drugs was the most effective in reducing Cd toxicity in the liver. In summary, the results demonstrated that α-LA and CGA may be beneficial in alleviating oxidative stress induced by oxygen free radicals and tissue injury resulting from Cd-triggered hepatotoxicity.

The influence of growth conditions and leaf maturity in relation to the chlorogenic acid stimulation of glycollate oxidase from tobacco leaves

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. De Jong
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Hill Reaction ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Glycollate Oxidase

Glycollate oxidase (glycollate: oxygen oxidoreductase EC. 1.1.3.1) levels in tobacco leaves from plants grown under three different photoperiods and three different temperature regimes were compared. Leaf extracts obtained from mature plants grown at moderate temperatures (25–20C; day/night) and with intermediate day lengths (10 h) showed highest activity. In contrast, peroxidase (EC. 1.11.1.7) was highest in extracts from plants grown at low temperatures and short days while chlorogenic acid oxidase (EC. 1.10.3.1) was highest in leaf extracts from plants grown at high temperatures. Other investigations revealed that old leaves contained consistently lower glycollate oxidase levels than young leaves from the same plant. The addition of chlorogenic acid to the assay medium tended to equalize differences in enzyme activity. Photosynthetic efficiency as determined by O2 evolution (Hill reaction) and photophosphorylation in isolated chloroplasts improved with leaf maturity but this development did not appear to be a direct consequence of low photorespiratory activity. Measurements of the conversion of glycollate-1-14C to 14CO2 by leaf disks under light or dark conditions indicated that chlorogenic acid affects glycollate metabolism in vivo. It is postulated that chlorogenic acid moderates photorespiration by interacting with glycollate oxidase.

Trolox selectively enhances arsenic-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in APL and other malignant cell lines

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 1237-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuanel Diaz ◽  
Myrian Colombo ◽  
Koren K. Mann ◽  
Haixiang Su ◽  
Kamilah N. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Jnk Activation ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

AbstractAlthough arsenic trioxide (As2O3) is an effective therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), its use in other malignancies is limited by the toxicity of concentrations required to induce apoptosis in non-APL tumor cells. We looked for agents that would synergize with As2O3 to induce apoptosis in malignant cells, but not in normal cells. We found that trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), a widely known antioxidant, enhances As2O3-mediated apoptosis in APL, myeloma, and breast cancer cells. Treatment with As2O3 and trolox increased intracellular oxidative stress, as evidenced by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein levels, c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK) activation, and protein and lipid oxidation. The synergistic effects of trolox may be specific to As2O3, as trolox does not add to toxicity induced by other chemotherapeutic drugs. We explored the mechanism of this synergy using electron paramagnetic resonance and observed the formation of trolox radicals when trolox was combined with As2O3, but not with doxorubicin. Importantly, trolox protected nonmalignant cells from As2O3-mediated cytotoxicity. Our data provide the first evidence that trolox may extend the therapeutic spectrum of As2O3. Furthermore, the combination of As2O3 and trolox shows potential specificity for tumor cells, suggesting it may not increase the toxicity associated with As2O3 monotherapy in vivo.

Glial cytotoxicity of low doses of cadmium as a model of heavy metal pollution influence on vertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V. S. Nedzvetsky ◽  
V. Ya. Gasso ◽  
A. M. Hahut ◽  
I. A. Hasso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Cadmium Ions

Cadmium is a common transition metal that entails an extremely wide range of toxic effects in humans and animals. The cytotoxicity of cadmium ions and its compounds is due to various genotoxic effects, including both DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Some bone diseases, kidney and digestive system diseases are determined as pathologies that are closely associated with cadmium intoxication. In addition, cadmium is included in the list of carcinogens because of its ability to initiate the development of tumors of several forms of cancer under conditions of chronic or acute intoxication. Despite many studies of the effects of cadmium in animal models and cohorts of patients, in which cadmium effects has occurred, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. The genotoxic effects of cadmium and the induction of programmed cell death have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. In recent years, the results obtained for in vivo and in vitro experimental models have shown extremely high cytotoxicity of sublethal concentrations of cadmium and its compounds in various tissues. One of the most studied causes of cadmium cytotoxicity is the development of oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage to macromolecules of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Brain cells are most sensitive to oxidative damage and can be a critical target of cadmium cytotoxicity. Thus, oxidative damage caused by cadmium can initiate genotoxicity, programmed cell death and inhibit their viability in the human and animal brains. To test our hypothesis, cadmium cytotoxicity was assessed in vivo in U251 glioma cells through viability determinants and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The result of the cell viability analysis showed the dose-dependent action of cadmium chloride in glioma cells, as well as the generation of oxidative stress (p <0.05). Calculated for 48 hours of exposure, the LD50 was 3.1 μg×ml-1. The rates of apoptotic death of glioma cells also progressively increased depending on the dose of cadmium ions. A high correlation between cadmium concentration and apoptotic response (p <0.01) was found for cells exposed to 3–4 μg×ml-1 cadmium chloride. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and induction of apoptosis. The results indicate a strong relationship between the generation of oxidative damage by macromolecules and the initiation of programmed cell death in glial cells under conditions of low doses of cadmium chloride. The presented results show that cadmium ions can induce oxidative damage in brain cells and inhibit their viability through the induction of programmed death. Such effects of cadmium intoxication can be considered as a model of the impact of heavy metal pollution on vertebrates.

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