Resveratrol and Its Nanoformulation Attenuate Growth and the Angiogenesis of Xenograft and Orthotopic Colon Cancer Models

Cancer is a multifactorial disorder that induces mortality worldwide, and the colorectal type is the third most common cancer globally. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural compound with an effective anticancer effect, especially against colorectal cancer, and therefore numerous studies recommended its use in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. The current study investigated the effect of either RSV or its nanoformulation (NP-RSV) on the growth and vascularity of xenograft and orthotopic mice models in colon cancer (COLO205-luc). Both RSV and NP-RSV induced significant reductions in tumor growth and the hemoglobin percentages of the tumor mass, but NP-RSV showed greater bioavailability and efficacy than RSV. Generally, we recommend using NP-RSV as a therapeutic to control colon cancer.

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Precision Medicine Versus Population Medicine in Colon Cancer: From Prospects of Prevention, Adjuvant Chemotherapy, and Surveillance

American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book ◽

10.1200/edbk_200961 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 220-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael J. Hall ◽

Arden M. Morris ◽

Weijing Sun

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Big Data ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Human Biology ◽

Stage Iii Colon Cancer ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Combining Data ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Colorectal Cancer Prevention

With the advances of technologic revolution that provides new insights into human biology, genetics and cancer, as well as advantages of big data which amasses large amounts of information for us to approach cancer treatment and prevention, we are facing challenges of organically combining data from studies based on general population and information from individual testing and setting out precisional recommendations in cancer diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. We are obligated to accelerate the adaptation of new scientific discoveries into effective treatments and prevention for cancer. In this review, we introduce our opinions on bringing knowledge of precision and population medicine together to guide our clinical practice from the prospects of colorectal cancer prevention, stage III colon cancer adjuvant therapy, and postsurgery surveillance.

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Colorectal Cancer and Nutrition

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11010164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 164 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Kannan Thanikachalam ◽

Gazala Khan

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Young Patients ◽

Protective Role ◽

Review Article ◽

The Third ◽

Common Cancer ◽

The Us

Colorectal Cancer is the third most common cancer diagnosed in the US. While the incidence and the mortality rate of colorectal cancer has decreased due to effective cancer screening measures, there has been an increase in number of young patients diagnosed in colon cancer due to unclear reasons at this point of time. While environmental and genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of colon cancer, extensive research has suggested that nutrition may play both a causal and protective role in the development of colon cancer. In this review article, we aim to provide a review of factors that play a major role in development of colorectal cancer.

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The interplay between dietary factors, gut microbiome and colorectal cancer: a new era of colorectal cancer prevention

Future Oncology ◽

10.2217/fon-2019-0552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 293-306

Author(s):

Poshita Kumari Seesaha ◽

Xiaofeng Chen ◽

Xiaofeng Wu ◽

Hongxia Xu ◽

Changxian Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Gut Flora ◽

New Era ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

The Third ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and its incidence is on the rise. Dietary intervention has emerged as an attractive strategy to curtail its occurrence and progression. Diet is known to influence the gut microbiome, as dietary factors and gut bacteria can act in concert to cause or protect from colorectal cancer. Several studies have presented evidence for such interactions and have pointed out the different ways by which the diet and gut microbiome can be altered to produce beneficial effects. This review article aims to summarize the interrelationship between diet, gut flora and colorectal cancer so that a better preventive approach can be applied.

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Computational Analysis of miRNA and their Gene Targets Significantly Involved in Colorectal Cancer Progression

MicroRNA ◽

10.2174/2211536607666180803100246 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 68-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeyalakshmi Kandhavelu ◽

Kumar Subramanian ◽

Amber Khan ◽

Aadilah Omar ◽

Paul Ruff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Target Prediction ◽

Computational Prediction ◽

Initial Step ◽

Kegg Pathways ◽

Candidate Mirnas ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer Progression

Background:Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in women and the fourth most common cancer in men. Dysregulation of small non-coding miRNAs have been correlated with colon cancer progression. Since there are increasing reports of candidate miRNAs as potential biomarkers for CRC, this makes it important to explore common miRNA biomarkers for colon cancer. As computational prediction of miRNA targets is a critical initial step in identifying miRNA: mRNA target interactions for validation, we aim here to construct a potential miRNA network and its gene targets for colon cancer from previously reported candidate miRNAs, inclusive of 10 up- and 9 down-regulated miRNAs from tissues; and 10 circulatory miRNAs. </P><P> Methods: The gene targets were predicted using DIANA-microT-CDS and TarBaseV7.0 databases. Each miRNA and its targets were analyzed further for colon cancer hotspot genes, whereupon DAVID analysis and mirPath were used for KEGG pathway analysis.Results:We have predicted 874 and 157 gene targets for tissue and serum specific miRNA candidates, respectively. The enrichment of miRNA revealed that particularly hsa-miR-424-5p, hsa-miR-96-5p, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-224, hsa-miR-133a and has-miR-363-3p present possible targets for colon cancer hallmark genes, including BRAF, KRAS, EGFR, APC, amongst others. DAVID analysis of miRNA and associated gene targets revealed the KEGG pathways most related to cancer and colon cancer. Similar results were observed in mirPath analysis. A new insight gained in the colon cancer network pathway was the association of hsa-mir-133a and hsa-mir-96-5p with the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In the present study, target prediction shows that while hsa-mir-424-5p has an association with mostly 10 colon cancer hallmark genes, only their associations with MAP2 and CCND1 have been experimentally validated.These miRNAs and their targets require further evaluation for a better understanding of their associations, ultimately with the potential to develop novel therapeutic targets.

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Fucoxanthin and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13102379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2379

Author(s):

Masaru Terasaki ◽

Atsuhito Kubota ◽

Hiroyuki Kojima ◽

Hayato Maeda ◽

Kazuo Miyashita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Lifestyle Modification ◽

Signal Pathways ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Cancer Models ◽

Candidate Drug ◽

Colorectal Cancer Prevention ◽

Dietary Carotenoid

Colorectal cancer (CRC), which ranks among the top 10 most prevalent cancers, can obtain a good outcome with appropriate surgery and/or chemotherapy. However, the global numbers of both new cancer cases and death from CRC are expected to increase up to 2030. Diet-induced lifestyle modification is suggested to be effective in reducing the risk of human CRC; therefore, interventional studies using diets or diet-derived compounds have been conducted to explore the prevention of CRC. Fucoxanthin (Fx), a dietary carotenoid, is predominantly contained in edible brown algae, such as Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) and Himanthalia elongata (Sea spaghetti), which are consumed particularly frequently in Asian countries but also in some Western countries. Fx is responsible for a majority of the anticancer effects exerted by the lipophilic bioactive compounds in those algae. Interventional human trials have shown that Fx and brown algae mitigate certain risk factors for CRC; however, the direct mechanisms underlying the anti-CRC properties of Fx remain elusive. Fx and its deacetylated type “fucoxanthinol” (FxOH) have been reported to exert potential anticancer effects in preclinical cancer models through the suppression of many cancer-related signal pathways and the tumor microenvironment or alteration of the gut microbiota. We herein review the most recent studies on Fx as a potential candidate drug for CRC prevention.

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Serum Starvation Sensitizes Anticancer Effect of Anemarrhena asphodeloides via p38/JNK-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x21500488 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Kon-Young Ji ◽

Ki Mo Kim ◽

Yun Hee Kim ◽

Ki-Shuk Shim ◽

Joo Young Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Serum Starvation ◽

Anticancer Effect ◽

Cycle Arrest ◽

Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽

Anemarrhena Asphodeloides ◽

Hct116 Cells

The molecular mechanism underlying the anticancer effects of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (A. asphodeloides) on colon cancer is unknown. This is the first study evaluating the anticancer effect of A. asphodeloides extract (AA-Ex) in serum-starved colorectal cancer cells. Changes in cell proliferation and morphology in serum-starved MC38 and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells were investigated using MTS assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry, and cell cycle regulator expression was determined using qRT-PCR. Apoptosis regulator protein levels and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation were assessed using western blotting. AA-Ex sensitively suppressed proliferation of serum-starved colorectal cancer cells, with MC38 and HCT116 cells showing greater changes in proliferation after treatment with AA-Ex under serum starvation than HaCaT and RAW 264.7 cells. AA-Ex inhibited cell cycle progression in serum-starved MC38 and HCT116 cells and increased the expression of cell cycle inhibitors (p53, p21, and p27). Furthermore, AA-Ex induced apoptosis in serum-starved MC38 and HCT116 cells. Consistently, AA-Ex suppressed the expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and upregulated pro-apoptotic molecules (cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP) in serum-starved cells. AA-Ex treatment under serum starvation decreased AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the cell survival signaling pathway but increased p38 and JNK phosphorylation. Furthermore, AA-Ex treatment with serum starvation increased the levels of the transcription factors of the p38 and JNK pathway. Serum starvation sensitizes colorectal cancer cells to the anticancer effect of A. asphodeloidesvia p38/JNK-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hence, AA-Ex possesses therapeutic potential for colon cancer treatment.

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in SMAD7 and CHI3L1 and Colorectal Cancer Risk

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2018/9853192 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amal Ahmed Abd El-Fattah ◽

Nermin Abdel Hamid Sadik ◽

Olfat Gamil Shaker ◽

Amal Mohamed Kamal

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Sequence Variation ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

The Third ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Cancer Initiation

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers throughout the world. It represents the third most common cancer and the fourth in mortality. Most of CRC are sporadic, arise with no known high-penetrant genetic variation and with no previous family history. The etiology of sporadic CRC is considered to be multifactorial and arises from the interaction of genetic variants of low-penetrant genes and environmental risk factors. The most common well-studied genetic variation is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP arises as a point mutation. If the frequency of the sequence variation reaches 1% or more in the population, it is referred to as polymorphism, but if it is lower than 1%, the allele is typically considered as a mutation. Lots of SNPs have been associated with CRC development and progression, for example, genes of TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 pathways. TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with a dual role in cancer development and progression. TGF-β1 mediates its actions through canonical and noncanonical pathways. The most important negative regulatory protein for TGF-β1 activity is termed SMAD7. The production of TGF-βcan be controlled by another protein called YKL-40. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein with an important role in cancer initiation and metastasis. YKL-40 is encoded by the CHI3L1 gene. The aim of the present review is to give a brief introduction of CRC, SNP, and examples of some SNPs that have been documented to be associated with CRC. We also discuss two important signaling pathways TGF-β1 and CHI3L1 that influence the incidence and progression of CRC.

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Profile of Colorectal Tumor in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v56i1.18445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Husin Thamrin ◽

Khafidhotul Ilmiah ◽

Ni Wajan Tirthaningsih

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Medical Records ◽

Colorectal Tumor ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Male And Female ◽

The Third ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender ◽

Ethical Clearance

Colorectal cancer has became burden in the world.The latest study shows that colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and second most common cancer in women globally. There are difference characteristic of epidemiology in every countries. Moreover, there is no study that represents epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Indonesia yet, especially in East Java. The aim of this study was to describe colorectal tumor profile by age and gender in Gastroentero-Hepatology Center, Dr Soetomo Hospital. This study has received a certificate of Ethical Clearance No.273/Panke.KKE/IV/2015, a descriptive retrospective study. We collected data using medical records, and patients who have been colonoscopy examination and suspected colorectal tumor were included. There were 201 patients, divided to 100 males and 101 females. The peak of incidence was on 51-60 years old group, but on the 31-40 years old incidence of colorectal tumor was increased. The youngest patient was 17 years old. And tumors are more likely develop in distal area, especially in rectum. This study shows a different characteristic profile of colorectal tumor, where tumor is developed at young people and there is no significant difference between male and female for the incidence.

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A Complicated Colorectal Cancer Recurrence

Acta Chirurgica Latviensis ◽

10.2478/chilat-2020-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 25-27

Author(s):

Anna Marija Lescinska ◽

Valerija Grakova ◽

Aleksandrs Malasonoks ◽

Armands Sivins

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Case Report ◽

Cancer Recurrence ◽

Cancer Death ◽

Treatment Results ◽

Western Countries ◽

The Third ◽

Common Cancer ◽

One Step ◽

Colorectal Cancer Recurrence

SummaryThe case report demonstrates painstaking, one step at a time multitherapy for the third most common cancer and the third cause of cancer death in western countries – colorectal cancer. Multitherapeutic approach at specialized centers for the treatment of colorectal cancer is the cornerstone for reaching favorable treatment results and prognosis.

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Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Colon

Case Reports in Gastroenterology ◽

10.1159/000485558 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 791-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tagore Sunkara ◽

Megan E Caughey ◽

Priyanka Makkar ◽

Febin John ◽

Vinaya Gaduputi

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colon Cancer ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Adenosquamous Carcinoma ◽

Colorectal Cancers ◽

Men And Women ◽

Carcinoma Of The Colon ◽

The Third

Overall, colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women, meaning that it is one of the more widely recognized preventable cancers. Instances of colorectal malignancies though are overwhelmingly attributable to adenocarcinoma. Colorectal cancers with components of squamous cell carcinoma represent a statistical anomaly. Here, we present the case of a 50-year-old male, who complained of abdominal pain and weight loss over a 3-month period of time. Biopsies from a colonoscopy ultimately revealed that this patient’s colon cancer consisted of both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, representing a truly exceptional pathology finding in a patient diagnosed with a colorectal cancer.

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