scholarly journals Cranberry Polyphenols and Prevention against Urinary Tract Infections: Relevant Considerations

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 3523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores González de Llano ◽  
M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas ◽  
Begoña Bartolomé
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
New Research ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) is a distinctive source of polyphenols as flavonoids and phenolic acids that has been described to display beneficial effects against urinary tract infections (UTIs), the second most common type of infections worldwide. UTIs can lead to significant morbidity, especially in healthy females due to high rates of recurrence and antibiotic resistance. Strategies and therapeutic alternatives to antibiotics for prophylaxis and treatment against UTIs are continuously being sought after. Different to cranberry, which have been widely recommended in traditional medicine for UTIs prophylaxis, probiotics have emerged as a new alternative to the use of antibiotics against these infections and are the subject of new research in this area. Besides uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the most common bacteria causing uncomplicated UTIs, other etiological agents, such as Klebsiellapneumoniae or Gram-positive bacteria of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus genera, seem to be more widespread than previously appreciated. Considerable current effort is also devoted to the still-unraveled mechanisms that are behind the UTI-protective effects of cranberry, probiotics and their new combined formulations. All these current topics in the understanding of the protective effects of cranberry against UTIs are reviewed in this paper. Further progresses expected in the coming years in these fields are also discussed.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens associated with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among Patients attending Kam Medical Consult Clinic, Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Gerald Turyatunga
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: A urinary tract infection (UTIs) is a common type of infection caused by bacteria that travel up the urethra to the bladder. Globally, it is reported that 150 million people are diagnosed with a UTI annually, costing the world economy over 6 million US dollars in treatment and work loss. Studies conducted in the in-patients pediatric ward of Muhimbili Hospital in Tanzania and Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda between five to ten years reported the prevalence of UTI to be 16.8% and 14.6% respectively. On average at Kam Medical Consult Clinic, patients who turn up in the laboratory are about 20%, and 50% of patients present with recurring UTIs clinically. Therefore,  there is a need to establish and investigate the prevalence of bacterial pathogens associated with UTI and multiple pathogens that are not known. Methodology: The cross-sectional study was carried out at Kam medical consult clinic (KMCC) located in Kafeero zone Mulago II Kawempe division. The study population was adults and children presenting with symptoms of urinary tract infection. 120 Midstream urine Samples were collected from patients presenting clinical signs of UTI. The diagnosis was done through macroscopy dry chemistry, microscopy, and culture. Results Among the sampled population, 33% of males had urinary tract infections while 67% of females had urinary tract infections.  88.5% were outpatients while 11.5 % were in-patients The overall prevalence of UTI among patients was 63.3% with children aged (1-10) having a prevalence of 5.8 %. Conclusion and recommendation: E.coli is an etiological agent causing UTIs in male and female patients presenting UTI at Kam Medical Consult Clinic. Other etiological agents included Klebsiella, Coliform, Enterococcus species, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas species, and candida species. There is a need to monitor the profile of etiological bacteria of UTI through culture and sensitivity regularly. 

scholarly journals Determination of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin susceptibility among urinary Escherichia coli isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3274
Author(s):  
Rachana Kanaujia ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Malay Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common infections. For treatment of UTIs, there are limited antibiotics due to increased resistance among uropathogens. Two older antibiotics; Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin have become novel oral therapeutic options against uropathogens. Aim of the study was to identify UTI causing micro-organisms and evaluate in-vitro activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against most common isolated organism (E. coli).Methods: Results of urine samples culture and susceptibility testing over a period of 1 year were analysed and included in this study.Results: Micro-organisms were isolated from 568 urine samples. Most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli (40.50%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20.07%) and Staphylococcus spp. (17.07%). Susceptibility of E. coli to nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin was 91.74% and 65.65% respectively. Conclusion: Good activity of nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin against E. coli indicates that these two drugs are potential therapeutic alternatives for urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Multiple myeloma complicated with pseudomonas endocartiditis

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Todaro ◽  
Patrícia Weinschenker Bollmann ◽  
Amit Nussbacher ◽  
Luis Fernando Aranha Camargo ◽  
Bento Fortunato Cardoso dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma are more susceptible to infections which are the major causes of morbidity and mortality associated to this disease. The main infectious agents involved are Gram-positive bacteria. However, after chemotherapy an increase in the incidence of Gram-negative strains is observed. These bacteria are also responsible for most cases of urinary tract infections. Here is reported a rare case in a 73-year-old man with multiple myeloma who developed endocarditis due to pseudomonas.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Red Grape (Vitis vinifera) Seed and Skin Extract Treatment on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria that Causes of Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women Examined by using White Mice (Mus musculus)

Biomedika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Satriya Manggala Liastra ◽  
Ninuk Dwi Ariningtyas ◽  
Yelvi Levani
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection or what is often called a UTI is an infectious disease of the urinary tract epithelium and is commonly caused by gram-positive bacteria, namely the Staphylococcus aureus, with a prevalence rate of 68 million patients in the world and 1.2 million patients in Indonesia. The diagnosis of UTI is established with a positive urine culture significance value ≥105 (CFU)/ml. The existing clinical management for cases of urinary tract infections in pregnant women uses amoxicillin to kill gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. However, there have been 469 cases of antibiotic resistance in pregnant women in Indonesia due to the non-compliance of using antibiotics for urinary tract infections. Vitis vinifera can be used as an alternative to natural bactericidal resveratrol containing anthocyanidin to kill gram-positive bacteria. This study used 28 white mice (Mus musculus) aged 6-21 weeks and weighing 120-200 grams injected with Staphylococcus aureus. The 28 subjects were divided into 4 groups, each of which consisted of 7 mice. The mice received K1 treatment with 250 mg/kgBW of amoxicillin and treatments with 200, 300, and 500 mg/KgBW red grape seed and skin extract. Before treatments were given, a pre-test was conducted to ensure that the results were not biased. Post-test was also performed after the Staphylococcus aureus injection, which was measured after 5 days of urine culture that reached 107 CFU/ml. The treatment in P3 using 500 mg/KgBW of red grape seed and skin extract contributed to the smallest result with 102 Cfu/ml, equals to the result produced by giving 250 ml/KgBW of amoxicillin.

scholarly journals Natural Cyanobacterial Polymer-Based Coating as a Preventive Strategy to Avoid Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Costa ◽  
Rita Mota ◽  
Paula Tamagnini ◽  
M. Cristina L. Martins ◽  
Fabíola Costa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Adhesive Coating

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) represent about 40% of all healthcare-associated infections. Herein, the authors report the further development of an infection preventive anti-adhesive coating (CyanoCoating) meant for urinary catheters, and based on a natural polymer released by a marine cyanobacterium. CyanoCoating performance was assessed against relevant CAUTI etiological agents, namely Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Candida albicans in the presence of culture medium or artificial urine, and under biofilm promoting settings. CyanoCoating displayed a broad anti-adhesive efficiency against all the uropathogens tested (68–95%), even in the presence of artificial urine (58–100%) with exception of P. mirabilis in the latter condition. Under biofilm-promoting settings, CyanoCoating reduced biofilm formation by E. coli, P. mirabilis, and C. albicans (30–60%). In addition, CyanoCoating prevented large crystals encrustation, and its sterilization with ethylene oxide did not impact the coating stability. Therefore, CyanoCoating constitutes a step forward for the implementation of antibiotic-free alternative strategies to fight CAUTIs.

scholarly journals CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE ACTION OF VARIVIDARYADI KASHAYA IN LOWER URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2784-2788
Author(s):  
Anshu S ◽  
Miharjan K ◽  
Arjun Chand C P ◽  
Arun Pratap
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Human Illness ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Urinary

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and painful human illness that is rapidly responsive to modern antibi- otic therapy. UTI is caused by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as by certain fungi. The typical symptoms of lower urinary tract infections (LUTI) are dysuria, urinary frequency, and urgency, nocturia, hesitancy, suprapubic discomfort, and gross hematuria. The features of LUTI can be found under the heading Pit- taja Mutrakrichra Lakshana. As Pitta and Vata are the main Doshas involved in the Samprapti of this disease, drugs having Madhura Rasa, Vata-Pitta Samana properties are the ideal choice for the treatment. In Varividar- yadi Kashaya, all the drugs are having Sita Virya and most of the drugs are having Madhura Rasa, Guru- Snigdha Guna, and Madhura Vipaka. So, there is a very need to understand the scope of the usage of Varividaryadi Kashaya in the management of LUTI. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Pittaja Mutrakrichra, Varividaryadi Kashaya

scholarly journals Evaluating antimicrobial resistance patterns of the etiological agents of urinary tract infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Hisham ◽  
Osama Safdar ◽  
Mohammed Shalaby ◽  
Mohammed Sabbahi ◽  
Mowadah Ashgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Tract Infections

scholarly journals 1372. Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria in Patients Younger than 19 Years: Prediction Analysis in a 13-year Hospital-Based Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S695-S696
Author(s):  
Yu-Lung Hsu ◽  
Shih-Ni Chang ◽  
Chin-Chi Kuo ◽  
Che-Chen Lin ◽  
Hsiao-Chuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the common pediatric bacterial infections. Gram positive (GP) pathogens, in contrast to gram negative (GN) bacilli such as E. coli, are less accounted for pediatric UTI. The aim of this study was to identify predictors to enable clinicians to detect GP uropathogens from mostly causative GN bacteria in children with UTI. Methods This retrospective cohort study identified 26,066 paired urinalysis and urine culture obtained from the pediatric patients during 2003-2016. Of patients with UTI meeting our criterial, we included children with first-time UTI and classified them into GP-UTI and GN-UTI (Figure 1). Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected into analysis. We built a multivariable logistic regression model to predict the GP-UTI. The model performance was examined by using calibration and discrimination plots. We demonstrated a nomogram to predict GP-UTI that could be feasible in the clinical practice. Figure 1. Flowchart of the Selection Process of the Study Population (N = 3,783 patients). Results Of 3,783 children with first-time UTIs, 166 (4.4%) were infected by GP and 3,617 (95.6%) by GN bacteria. The top 3 pathogens for GP uropathogens were vancomycin-resistant (VR) E. faecalis, S. saprophyticus, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Significant risk factors associated with GP-UTI in the multivariable analysis were: age >= 24 months [odds ratio (OR) 3.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-8.26], serum white blood cell (WBC) (compared to ≥14.4 x 103/μL) [OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.26-3.77], hemoglobin (compared to < 11.3 g/dL) [OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.04-3.45], negative urine leukocyte esterase [OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.83-5.33], negative urine nitrite [OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.88-9.14] and urine WBC (compared to ≥420/μL) [OR 2.16, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.26] (Table 1). This model had good discrimination (C-statistic 0.874; 95% CI 0.839-0.908) and calibration performance (Figure 2). By using our nomogram, physicians can estimate the probability of UTI that is caused by a GP pathogen, with a probability ranges from 0.04% to 55% (Figure 3). Table 1. Multivariable Prediction Model for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria. Figure 2. Discrimination Plot (A) and Calibration Plot (B) of the Prediction Model for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria. Figure 3. Nomogram of the Prediction Model for Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Gram-Positive Bacteria. Conclusion VR E. faecalis is the leading GP uropathogen in the children less than two years of age which need notice of infection control. Our proposed prediction model for GP UTI in children could help clinicians detect potential GP uropathogen and enable them to choose adequate antibiotic regimen early. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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