scholarly journals Applications and Limitations of Dendrimers in Biomedicine

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3982
Author(s):  
Adriana Aurelia Chis ◽  
Carmen Dobrea ◽  
Claudiu Morgovan ◽  
Anca Maria Arseniu ◽  
Luca Liviu Rus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Drug Molecule ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Cardiovascular Therapy ◽  
Poly Propylene ◽  
Therapy Studies ◽  
Dendrimer Conjugates ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy

Biomedicine represents one of the main study areas for dendrimers, which have proven to be valuable both in diagnostics and therapy, due to their capacity for improving solubility, absorption, bioavailability and targeted distribution. Molecular cytotoxicity constitutes a limiting characteristic, especially for cationic and higher-generation dendrimers. Antineoplastic research of dendrimers has been widely developed, and several types of poly(amidoamine) and poly(propylene imine) dendrimer complexes with doxorubicin, paclitaxel, imatinib, sunitinib, cisplatin, melphalan and methotrexate have shown an improvement in comparison with the drug molecule alone. The anti-inflammatory therapy focused on dendrimer complexes of ibuprofen, indomethacin, piroxicam, ketoprofen and diflunisal. In the context of the development of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, dendrimer complexes of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, beta-lactamines and aminoglycosides have shown promising effects. Regarding antiviral therapy, studies have been performed to develop dendrimer conjugates with tenofovir, maraviroc, zidovudine, oseltamivir and acyclovir, among others. Furthermore, cardiovascular therapy has strongly addressed dendrimers. Employed in imaging diagnostics, dendrimers reduce the dosage required to obtain images, thus improving the efficiency of radioisotopes. Dendrimers are macromolecular structures with multiple advantages that can suffer modifications depending on the chemical nature of the drug that has to be transported. The results obtained so far encourage the pursuit of new studies.

scholarly journals Development of Effective Antibacterial Treatment: Lessons from the Past and Novel Approaches

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Mariagrazia Di Luca ◽  
Tiziano Marzo
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Rapid Diffusion

In the last three decades, the appearance and rapid diffusion of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains have been observed [...]

scholarly journals 1564. Activity of bacteriophage against multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S782-S782
Author(s):  
Sailaja Puttagunta ◽  
Maya Kahan-Haanum ◽  
Sharon Kredo-Russo ◽  
Eyal Weinstock ◽  
Efrat Khabra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Infection Types

Abstract Background The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) has significantly risen in all geographic regions. Infections due to these bacteria are associated with high mortality across different infection types. Even with newer options, there remains an unmet need for safe and effective therapeutic options to treat infections caused by ESBL and CR KP. Phage therapy offers a novel approach with an unprecedented and orthogonal mechanism of action for treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic bacterial strains that are insufficiently addressed by available antibiotics. Phage-based therapies confer a high strain-level specificity and have a strong intrinsic safety profile. Here we describe the identification of novel phages that can effectively target antibiotic resistant KP strains. Host range of the 21 phages on 33 strain KP panel via solid culture infectivity assays. Red marks resistance to infection while sensitivity to phage is marked in green Methods KP clinical strains were isolated from human stool specimens preserved in glycerol. Selective culturing was carried, followed by testing of individual colonies for motility, indole and urease production, sequenced and analyzed by Kleborate tool to determine antibiotic resistant genes. Natural phages were isolated from plaques that developed on susceptible bacterial targets, sequenced and characterized. Results Antibiotic-resistant KP strains encoding beta lactamase genes or a carbapenemase (n=33) were isolated from healthy individuals (n=3), and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (n=26) or primary sclerosing cholangitis (n=3). Isolates sequencing revealed bla CTX-M15 and/or bla SHV encoding strains and carbapenamase KPC-2. A panel of 21 phages targeting the beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing KP strains were identified. Phage sequencing revealed that all phages belong to the Caudovirales order and include 6 Siphoviridae, 14 Myoviridae, and 1 Podoviridae. In vitro lytic activity of the phages was tested on the isolated bacteria and revealed a coverage of 70% of the 33 isolated antibiotic resistant strains, >50% of which were targeted by multiple phages. Conclusion Collectively, these results demonstrate the feasibility of identifying phage with potent activity against antibiotic resistant KP strains, and may provide a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of ESBL and CR KP infections. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Polymeric Systems as Antimicrobial or Antifouling Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Francolini ◽  
Antonella Piozzi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Polymeric Systems

The rapid increase in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains combined with a dwindling rate of discovery of novel antibiotic molecules has lately created an alarming issue worldwide [...]

Biological applications of synthetic anion transporters

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (91) ◽  
pp. 14137-14153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasim Akhtar ◽  
Oindrila Biswas ◽  
Debasis Manna
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Transmembrane Transport ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Anion Transporters

Transmembrane transport of anions by small molecules has recently been used to reduce the viability of cancer cells and fight against antibiotic-resistant and clinically relevant bacterial strains.

scholarly journals Small molecule anion transporters display in vitro antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant bacterial strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (68) ◽  
pp. 10080-10083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Carreira-Barral ◽  
Carlos Rumbo ◽  
Marcin Mielczarek ◽  
Daniel Alonso-Carrillo ◽  
Enara Herran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Anion Transporters ◽  
Highly Active

Highly active transmembrane anion transporters have demonstrated their activity against antibiotic-resistant and clinically relevant bacterial strains.

scholarly journals Potential risks of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1110-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Cunningham ◽  
Maria S. Kuyukina ◽  
Irena B. Ivshina ◽  
Alexandr I. Konev ◽  
Tatyana A. Peshkur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Selection Of

The problems associated with potential risks of antibiotic resistance spreading during bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil are discussed. Careful selection of bacterial strains and pretreatment of organic wastes used as fertilizers are suggested.

scholarly journals Combined Antibacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of a Cationic Disubstituted Dexamethasone-Spermine Conjugate

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2525-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bucki ◽  
Katarzyna Leszczyńska ◽  
Fitzroy J. Byfield ◽  
David E. Fein ◽  
Esther Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Green Fluorescent

ABSTRACT The rising number of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains represents an emerging health problem that has motivated efforts to develop new antibacterial agents. Endogenous cationic antibacterial peptides (CAPs) that are produced in tissues exposed to the external environment are one model for the design of novel antibacterial compounds. Here, we report evidence that disubstituted dexamethasone-spermine (D2S), a cationic corticosteroid derivative initially identified as a by-product of synthesis of dexamethasone-spermine (DS) for the purpose of improving cellular gene delivery, functions as an antibacterial peptide-mimicking molecule. This moiety exhibits bacterial killing activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa present in cystic fibrosis (CF) sputa, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Although compromised in the presence of plasma, D2S antibacterial activity resists the proteolytic activity of pepsin and is maintained in ascites, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. D2S also enhances S. aureus susceptibility to antibiotics, such as amoxicillin (AMC), tetracycline (T), and amikacin (AN). Inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 release from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-treated neutrophils in the presence of D2S suggests that this molecule might also prevent systemic inflammation caused by bacterial wall products. D2S-mediated translocation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAECs) suggests that some of its anti-inflammatory activities involve engagement of glucocorticoid receptors. The combined antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of D2S suggest its potential as an alternative to natural CAPs in the prevention and treatment of some bacterial infections.

Inappropriate Prescribing of Antibiotics in Primary Dental Care: Reasons and Resolutions

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwen L Cope ◽  
Ivor G Chestnutt
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Dental Conditions

The injudicious use of antibiotics is one of the key contributors to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. It is therefore imperative that antibiotics are prescribed only when they are likely to result in clinical benefit for a patient. Clinical guidelines have been produced to assist dental practitioners in the appropriate use of antimicrobials. Despite these guidelines, there is evidence that antibiotics are still widely used and misused in the management of acute dental conditions. This article explores the barriers that exist with regard to the implementation of antibiotic prescribing guidelines and discusses some of the interventions that aim to optimise antibiotic prescribing in primary dental care.

scholarly journals Microbial Isolates from Vegetable Foreign Bodies Inhaled by Dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Flisi ◽  
Manuel Dall’Aglio ◽  
Costanza Spadini ◽  
Clotilde Silvia Cabassi ◽  
Fausto Quintavalla
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
The Right

Grass-seed inhalation is a common problem in canine patients, in particular during summer months, migrating in upper and lower respiratory tract. Grass awns can harbor bacteria and fungi, causing grass seeds foreign body-related disease (GSFBD). Aim of this study was to investigate the aerobic microbial flora isolated from grass awns extracted from 41 dogs with GSFBD and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated bacterial strains. Fifty-four grass awns were localized with diagnostic imaging tests and removed by endoscopy from respiratory tract. The most frequent localizations were in the left nostril and the right hemithorax. Only one grass awn was extracted from each patient except in 7 that had more than one. Bacteriological and mycological cultures, strains identification, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. One or more bacterial strains were isolated from all grass awns. Fungal strains were isolated only in 4 cases. Staphylococcussp. was the most frequent isolate in the upper respiratory tract (36.8%), whileE. coli(24.4%) was the most frequent isolate in the lower tract. Fluoroquinolones and Doxycycline were the most effective antibiotics, while resistance was observed against Gentamicin (>93%), Cefapirin, and Clindamycin (>80%). These data are relevant in relation to the use of these antibiotics in both animals and humans, for the risk of transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria or resistance genes.

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