scholarly journals A Review on Antistaphylococcal Secondary Metabolites from Basidiomycetes

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5848
Author(s):  
Vimalah Vallavan ◽  
Getha Krishnasamy ◽  
Noraziah Mohamad Zin ◽  
Mazlyzam Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Substantial Economic Burden ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites with several pharmacological activities such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer to name a few. Due to the large number of diverse structured chemical compounds they produce, fungi from the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Muccoromycota have been intensively studied for isolation of bioactive compounds. Basidiomycetes-derived secondary metabolites are known as a promising source of antibacterial compounds with activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The continued emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major challenge to patient health as it leads to higher morbidity and mortality, higher hospital-stay duration and substantial economic burden in global healthcare sector. One of the key culprits for AMR crisis is Staphylococcus aureus causing community-acquired infections as the pathogen develops resistance towards multiple antibiotics. The recent emergence of community strains of S. aureus harbouring methicillin-resistant (MRSA), vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant (VRSA) genes associated with increased virulence is challenging. Despite the few significant developments in antibiotic research, successful MRSA therapeutic options are still needed to reduce the use of scanty and expensive second-line treatments. This paper provides an overview of findings from various studies on antibacterial secondary metabolites from basidiomycetes, with a special focus on antistaphylococcal activity.

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Endophytic Fungi

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1836-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ancheeva ◽  
Georgios Daletos ◽  
Peter Proksch
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Genes

Background: Endophytes represent a complex community of microorganisms colonizing asymptomatically internal tissues of higher plants. Several reports have shown that endophytes enhance the fitness of their host plants by direct production of bioactive secondary metabolites, which are involved in protecting the host against herbivores and pathogenic microbes. In addition, it is increasingly apparent that endophytes are able to biosynthesize medicinally important “phytochemicals”, originally believed to be produced only by their host plants. Objective: The present review provides an overview of secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi with pronounced biological activities covering the literature between 2010 and 2017. Special focus is given on studies aiming at exploration of the mode of action of these metabolites towards the discovery of leads from endophytic fungi. Moreover, this review critically evaluates the potential of endophytic fungi as alternative sources of bioactive “plant metabolites”. Results: Over the past few years, several promising lead structures from endophytic fungi have been described in the literature. In this review, 65 metabolites are outlined with pronounced biological activities, primarily as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents. Some of these metabolites have shown to be highly selective or to possess novel mechanisms of action, which hold great promises as potential drug candidates. Conclusion: Endophytes represent an inexhaustible reservoir of pharmacologically important compounds. Moreover, endophytic fungi could be exploited for the sustainable production of bioactive “plant metabolites” in the future. Towards this aim, further insights into the dynamic endophyte - host plant interactions and origin of endophytic fungal genes would be of utmost importance.

The role of the registered nurse first assistant within the perioperative setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Roland Pika ◽  
Brid O'Brien ◽  
Jill Murphy ◽  
Kathleen Markey ◽  
Claire O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Registered Nurse ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Nursing Role ◽  
Perioperative Nursing ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Provision Of Care

Perioperative setting registered nurse first assistants (RNFAs) are described as non-medical practitioners who perform surgical interventions during surgery. They provide medical care to perioperative patients under the supervision of a consultant surgeon. First assistants in surgery can be an expanded perioperative nursing role. A review of the literature illuminates the need for continuous learning in developing skills in becoming competent RNFA practitioners and how they utilise acquired skills to assist, mentor and teach their colleagues within the perioperative setting. The RNFA is an advanced and expanded practice role. RNFAs contribute significantly to the provision of care within all phases of perioperative care (preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative). There is little literature on the role of the RNFA due to its relatively recent emergence in the healthcare sector and the small number of countries where it is implemented.

scholarly journals Discovering the Hidden Secondary Metabolome of Myxococcus xanthus: a Study of Intraspecific Diversity

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 3058-3068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Krug ◽  
Gabriela Zurek ◽  
Ole Revermann ◽  
Michiel Vos ◽  
Gregory J. Velicer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Myxococcus Xanthus ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Metabolic Diversity ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
High Level ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Promising Source

ABSTRACT As a monophyletic group, the myxobacteria are known to produce a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites. However, the degree of metabolic diversity that can be found within a single species remains unexplored. The model species Myxococcus xanthus produces several metabolites also present in other myxobacterial species, but only one compound unique to M. xanthus has been found to date. Here, we compare the metabolite profiles of 98 M. xanthus strains that originate from 78 locations worldwide and include 20 centimeter-scale isolates from one location. This screen reveals a strikingly high level of intraspecific diversity in the M. xanthus secondary metabolome. The identification of 37 nonubiquitous candidate compounds greatly exceeds the small number of secondary metabolites previously known to derive from this species. These results suggest that M. xanthus may be a promising source of future natural products and that thorough intraspecific screens of other species could reveal many new compounds of interest.

The Healthcare Strategic Practice in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Ahmad Al Balkhi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Strategic Option ◽  
Critical Issues

This chapter aims to review the healthcare strategies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with a special focus on the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The chapter starts with an introduction to the adopted strategic planning of health sector in the UAE. Then it provides the theoretical background to the subject, outlines the persisting health issues and concerns, in addition to the main challenges of health planning in the United Arab Emirates. This will be followed by an overview of the current health system and regulations in the UAE, and will elaborate on the adopted health strategies, and upon that will suggest solutions and tips that can help in overcoming challenges and resolving critical issues. The review concludes with recommendation for future researches that could expand the scope of this review to be more comprehensive and focused on the strategic option for achieving excellence in the healthcare sector.

scholarly journals Biological activity of 7beta-acetoxywithanolide D isolated from Acnistus arborescens

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2835
Author(s):  
Joze Aparecida Marciano Corrêa ◽  
Diana Fortkamp ◽  
Camila Furtunato da Silva ◽  
Flávio Rocha ◽  
Luiz Humberto Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Promising Source

Many oomycete species are plant pathogens and are responsible for causing significant losses in agriculture. Currently, plant pathogen control is carried out by chemical, biological and physical methods. However, due to the development of resistance to these methods by some pathogens, it is imperative that alternative methods are developed. Brazilian biodiversity is well-known for its species richness and is considered a promising source of natural products. Among the vascular plants, the family Solanaceae A. Juss. (Solanaceae) is considered one of the largest, with distributions across all tropical and temperate regions of the world. The Solanaceae family presents a high diversity of species of economic importance as sources of food, medicinal and ornamental properties. Plants of this family are sources of secondary metabolites of various chemical classes that possess potential diverse applications. Therefore, chemical and biological investigations of these compounds are extremely important as they present alternatives for their potential use in the control of plant pathogens. Here, we report for the first time, the biological activity of 7beta-acetoxywithanolide D, a compound isolated from Acnistus arborescens, against the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi. With these results, we emphasize the importance of such studies on plant secondary metabolites, which may present coadjuvant options in the control of plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Potent Antibacterial Prenylated Acetophenones from the Australian Endemic Plant Acronychia crassipetala

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trong D. Tran ◽  
Malin A. Olsson ◽  
David J. McMillan ◽  
Jason K. Cullen ◽  
Peter G. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
First Record ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Structural Characterisation ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Endemic Plant Species

Acronychia crassipetala is an endemic plant species in Australia. Its phytochemistry and therapeutic properties are underexplored. The hexane extract of the fruit A. crassipetala T. G. Hartley was found to inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Following bio-activity guided fractionation, two prenylated acetophenones, crassipetalonol A (1) and crassipetalone A (2), were isolated. Their structures were determined mainly by NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. This is the first record of the isolation and structural characterisation of secondary metabolites from the species A. crassipetala. Their antibacterial and cytotoxic assessments indicated that the known compound (2) had more potent antibacterial activity than the antibiotic chloramphenicol, while the new compound (1) showed moderate cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Antistaphylococcal Activity of TD-1792, a Multivalent Glycopeptide-Cephalosporin Antibiotic

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 1584-1587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanne Blais ◽  
Stacey R. Lewis ◽  
Kevin M. Krause ◽  
Bret M. Benton
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Postantibiotic Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Antistaphylococcal Activity ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotic ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACTTD-1792 is a new multivalent glycopeptide-cephalosporin antibiotic with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Thein vitroactivity of TD-1792 was tested against 527Staphylococcus aureusisolates, including multidrug-resistant isolates. TD-1792 was highly active against methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MIC90, 0.015 μg/ml), methicillin-resistantS. aureus, and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediateS. aureus(MIC90, 0.03 μg/ml). Time-kill studies demonstrated the potent bactericidal activity of TD-1792 at concentrations of ≤0.12 μg/ml. A postantibiotic effect of >2 h was observed after exposure to TD-1792.

scholarly journals Integrated medicine management system for malaysian healthcare sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3346-3355
Author(s):  
Rabbia Alamdar ◽  
Allan Mathews ◽  
Sharanjit Kaur ◽  
Khairulanwar Husain
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Integrated Medicine ◽  
Medicine Management ◽  
Treatment Benefits ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Pharmacy System

Medicine management is an approach supported by evidence to prescribe and manage the patient’s medicines to protect the safety, tolerability, and potency of the medication. It helps practitioners to achieve the optimum use of medicines for a patient, optimizes the treatment benefits and accomplishes the best results for each patient. The three components of the Medicine Management System (MMS), which are Electronic Health Record (EHR), e-prescription, and Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) are vastly used. Despite the values of MMS, only 15.2% of public hospitals in Malaysia utilize the system using different features. This paper reviewed the components of the current MMS, the utilization and challenges of MMS implementation in the Malaysian context, and proposed a new integrated MMS. The proposed MMS is grounded on three theories, namely System Theory, Utilization Theory, and Evidence-Based Theory. The main aspects of the integrated MMS are e-prescription, appropriateness of dosage regimen, covering best current evidence, show alerts of any medicine-related issues, and centralization of patient data that will be designed for all healthcare centers. If any issues arise in the prescribed medicine, an alert will be supported by the current foremost evidence that shows on the prescriber’s system. However, if no issue is detected, the prescription will be saved in the patient’s record and will show on the pharmacy system with direction and cautions related to the medicines. The proposed MMS is postulated to increase the productivity of the healthcare system by reducing medicine-related issues, improve communication among healthcare professionals, enhance patient health, and enhance practitioner operations.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Solid Extraction from Natural Matrices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Cavalloro ◽  
Emanuela Martino ◽  
Pasquale Linciano ◽  
Simona Collina
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Solid Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Performance Ability ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Sustainable Extraction

The extraction of secondary metabolites from plants, and natural sources in general, is a cornerstone in medicinal chemistry and required the development of sustainable extraction techniques. Microwave-Assisted Solid Extraction (MASE) is a promising extractive methodology being more effective than traditional extraction techniques. It offers higher and faster extraction performance ability with less solvent consumption and protection toward thermolabile constituents. For these reasons, MASE resulted in a suitable extractive methodology in all aspects, including economical and practical, compared to traditional extraction techniques, especially over Soxhlet or solid–liquid extraction. In this chapter, a brief theoretical background about the use of microwave energy for extraction has been presented for better understanding. Then, the potential of MASE for the extraction of secondary metabolites from natural resources, for evaluating the plant productivity and for evaluating the quality of the natural matrices will be reviewed. The discussion is supported by reporting recent applicative examples of MASE applied to the extraction of the most representative chemical classes of secondary metabolites, with a special focus on some drugs or compounds of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical interest.

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