scholarly journals Effective Microorganisms (EM) Improve Internal Organ Morphology, Intestinal Morphometry and Serum Biochemical Activity in Japanese Quails Under Clostridium perfringens Challenge

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2786
Author(s):  
Korina Michalska ◽  
Michał Gesek ◽  
Rajmund Sokół ◽  
Daria Murawska ◽  
Mateusz Mikiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Bile Duct Proliferation ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

The effect of effective microorganisms (EM) on internal organ morphology, intestinal morphometry, and serum biochemical activity in Japanese quails under Clostridium perfringens challenge was determined. After 30 days of EM addition, one group of quails was orally inoculated with Clostridium perfringens. The second group did not receive EM and was inoculated with C. perfringens. In the gut, EM supplementation reduced the number of lesions, enhanced gut health, and protected the mucosa from pathogenic bacteria. EM showed an anti-inflammatory effect and fewer necrotic lesions in villi. In the internal organs, EM showed a protective effect against a typical lesion of C. perfringens infection. Necrosis and degeneration of the hepatocytes, necrosis of bile ducts, and bile duct proliferation were more severe in the infected group without EM. Morphometric evaluation showed significantly higher villi in the jejunum after EM addition. A greater crypt depth was observed in the C. perfringens group. Biochemical analysis of the blood indicated lower cholesterol on the 12th day of the experiment and between-group differences in total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and albumin levels in the EM group. Further studies are needed to improve EM activity against pathologic bacteria as a potential alternative to antibiotics and to develop future natural production systems.

scholarly journals 370 Awardee Talk: Role of feed enzymes in gut health and function

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 111-112
Author(s):  
Charles Martin Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Medication Costs ◽  
Feed Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
And Function

Abstract Exogenous enzymes are routinely added to diets for non-ruminant animals, mainly to help enhance energy and nutrient utilization, thus contributing to efficient and sustainable production systems. Also, feed enzymes allow for effective utilization of non-traditional feedstuffs (e.g. co-products) in non-ruminant diets, with potential to mitigate feed cost. In addition to increased nutrient utilization, however, feed enzymes, through their impact on the gastrointestinal environment and microbial composition, can have a profound effect on indices of gut health and function. These effects may explain the reported reductions in medication costs and variability in animal performance and mortality rates observed with dietary enzyme supplementation. By acting on their target substrates, feed enzymes reduce the availability of non-digested substrates and in the case of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes can produce short-chain oligosaccharides with potential prebiotic effects. These changes are known to modulate the gut microbiome in favor of bacteria associated with a healthy gut, while reducing the population of pathogenic bacteria, which explains the reduced incidences of diarrhea that have been attributed to enzyme supplementation. Also, feed enzymes may reduce oxidative stress and enhance the functional capacity (e.g. maintaining barrier function) of the gastrointestinal tract. Feed enzymes by themselves may never be a single solution to mitigate gut health challenges in livestock production systems, but clearly there is a mounting body of evidence to support the role of feed enzymes in this regard. Therefore, their benefits will be maximized when used as part of an integrated solution approach for containing enteric pathogens of economic importance and eliminating the negative effects of dietary components with potential to compromise intestinal integrity.

scholarly journals Influence of Effective Microorganisms on selected serum biochemical parameters in Japanese quails infected with Cryptosporidium parvum

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 556-560
Author(s):  
Rajmund Sokół ◽  
Michał Gesek ◽  
Małgorzata Raś-Noryńska ◽  
Maria Michalczyk ◽  
Sylwia Koziatek-Sadłowska
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Dietary supplements and symbiotic cultures of bacteria are used in commercial poultry farms to stimulate the birds’ metabolism. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of Effective Microorganisms (EMTM ) administered in feed and water to quails infected and not infected with C. parvum on selected serum biochemical parameters. The resulting infection with C. parvum was subclinical, and parasitological tests revealed no ooysts in fecal samples, but in histopathological examination parasites were seen in the tissue samples. Blood for biochemical analysis was sampled on days 0, 3, 6 and 9 post infection. Lower CHOL levels, lower LDH activity and higher TP content were observed in quails administered EM. Changes in the remaining parameters (ALT, AST, ALB) remained within the respective norms.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Abdul Khalique ◽  
Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

scholarly journals 13 Opportunities for using low-protein diets for weanling pigs to improve intestinal health

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Martin Nyachoti ◽  
Jinyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Diet Formulation

Abstract Dietary manipulation with respect to crude protein (CP) content has been suggested as part of the overall strategy for the nutritional management of weanling pigs to improve intestinal health. This has focused on the use of low CP diets that are appropriately fortified with crystalline amino acids (AA). Use of low CP diets minimizes the amount of undigested dietary protein entering the large intestine and being subjected to bacterial fermentation. This is important because protein fermentation leads to the production of toxic metabolites and encourages the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, thus causing enteric problems such as post-weaning diarrhea. There have been considerable efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the potential benefits of feeding low CP diets to piglets. In addition to impacting the intestinal microbiome and its associated activities, it is clear that feeding a low CP diets interferes with the attachment of enterotoxigenic E. coli to the intestinal mucosa, thus minimizing its ability to cause disease. Another area of interest has been how use low CP diets in combination with other dietary manipulations to further enhance intestinal health in piglets. In this regards, existing evidence suggests that a low CP diet may be used in combination with other dietary interventions, such as probiotics and dietary fiber, to further enhance gut health outcomes in piglets. Also, addressing the potential reduction in piglet performance when feeding low CP diets by looking more into diet formulation to avoid deficiencies of essential AA or even some of non-essential AA, is critical for successful use low CP diets. Based on the available information, a reduction of dietary protein by four percentage units coupled with appropriate AA supplementation can be a useful dietary strategy to improve intestinal health.

Time-Temperature Conditions of Gyros

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK L. BRYAN ◽  
S. RANDALL STANDLEY ◽  
WILLIAM C. HENDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
Foodborne Bacteria ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Surface Temperatures

Four gyro operations in foodservice establishments were examined for the possibility that pathogenic foodborne bacteria could survive and/or grow during each step of these operations. Gyros cooked on broilers attained temperatures lethal to vegetative pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the meat and in the thin layer just below the surface, but nowhere else. However, only meat sliced from the surface was normally put in gyro sandwiches or otherwise served. The temperatures of gyros as they cooled were such that bacterial growth could occur, both on the surfaces and within the mass. After gyros had been cooked and cooled, as many as 10,000 Clostridium perfringens per gram were recovered from samples taken just under the surface. Temperatures of gyro meat during reheating varied with the method of reheating, and they were in safe ranges when slices of meat were reheated in microwave ovens and steam chambers. When gyros were reheated on broilers, however, temperatures lethal to vegetative pathogenic bacteria occurred at and near the surfaces only. Recommendations for procedures to use for cooking, slicing, hot holding, cooling, and reheating gyros to prevent this product from becoming a vehicle of foodborne illness are given. Emphasis is on using the entire gyro the day it is originally cooked, rapid cooling of any leftover portions, and thorough reheating of leftover gyros.

Review: The use of direct fed microbials to mitigate pathogens and enhance production in cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. McAllister ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
A. Y. Alazzeh ◽  
J. Baah ◽  
R. M. Teather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Fiber Digestion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

McAllister, T. A., Beauchemin, K. A., Alazzeh, A. Y., Baah, J., Teather, R. M. and Stanford, K. 2011. Review: The use of direct fed microbials to mitigate pathogens and enhance production in cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 193–211. Direct-fed microbials (DFM) have been employed in ruminant production for over 30 yr. Originally, DFM were used primarily in young ruminants to accelerate establishment of the intestinal microflora involved in feed digestion and to promote gut health. Further advancements led to more sophisticated mixtures of DFM that are targeted at improving fiber digestion and preventing ruminal acidosis in mature cattle. Through these outcomes on fiber digestion/rumen health, second-generation DFM have also resulted in improvements in milk yield, growth and feed efficiency of cattle, but results have been inconsistent. More recently, there has been an emphasis on the development of DFM that exhibit activity in cattle against potentially zoonotic pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Regulatory requirements have limited the microbial species within DFM products to organisms that are generally recognized as safe, such as lactic acid-producing bacteria (e.g., Lactobacillus and Enterococcus spp.), fungi (e.g., Aspergillus oryzae), or yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Direct-fed microbials of rumen origin, involving lactate-utilizing species (e.g., Megasphaera elsdenii, Selenomonas ruminantium, Propionibacterium spp.) and plant cell wall-degrading isolates of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens have also been explored, but have not been commercially used. Development of DFM that are efficacious over a wide range of ruminant production systems remains challenging because[0] comprehensive knowledge of microbial ecology is lacking. Few studies have employed molecular techniques to study in detail the interaction of DFM with native microbial communities or the ruminant host. Advancements in the metagenomics of microbial communities and the genomics of microbial–host interactions may enable DFM to be formulated to improve production and promote health, responses that are presently often achieved through the use of antimicrobials in cattle.

Effect of graded levels of nucleotide supplementation on certain serum biochemical parameters in Japanese quails

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prakash ◽  
Jyoti Palod ◽  
R. K. Sharma ◽  
S. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
G Ratio

A trial was conducted for a period of 6 weeks to evaluate the effect of graded levels of nucleotide supplementation on serum biochemical parameters in Japanese quails. In the trial, 3 day old Japanese quail chicks were randomly distributed in completely randomized design into 4 treatment groups each with 3 replicates of 10 Japanese quails. The Japanese quails of treatment groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 were provided feed containing 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 per cent nucleotide respectively for a period of six weeks. At the end of experiment blood samples were collected for study of serum-biochemical parameters. The results indicated that decreased serum glucose, serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and increased HDL cholesterol was noticed in nucleotide supplemented groups at higher levels. Protein profile showed significant improvement in total protein, albumin and globulin while A/G ratio revealed no effect of supplementation. Serum creatinine and SGPT contents showed non-significance whereas, serum uric acid and SGOT contents were significantly (P<0.05) reduced in nucleotide supplemented groups of quails. It is concluded that nucleotide supplementation improves serum biochemical parameters without affecting liver and kidney functions.

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