scholarly journals Citrus aurantium L. Active Constituents, Biological Effects and Extraction Methods. An Updated Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5832
Author(s):  
Sawssan Maksoud ◽  
Roula M. Abdel-Massih ◽  
Hiba N. Rajha ◽  
Nicolas Louka ◽  
Farid Chemat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Bitter Orange ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Original Plant ◽  
Staple Crop

Citrus genus is a prominent staple crop globally. Long-term breeding and much hybridization engendered a myriad of species, each characterized by a specific metabolism generating different secondary metabolites. Citrus aurantium L., commonly recognized as sour or bitter orange, can exceptionally be distinguished from other Citrus species by unique characteristics. It is a fruit with distinctive flavor, rich in nutrients and phytochemicals which possess different health benefits. This paper presents an overview of the most recent studies done on the matter. It intends to provide an in-depth understanding of the biological activities and medicinal uses of active constituents existing in C. aurantium. Every plant part is first discussed separately with regards to its content in active constituents. All extraction methods, their concepts and yields, used to recover these valuable molecules from their original plant matrix are thoroughly reported.

Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activity of Croton Species (Euphorbiaceae): An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Fernanda W.F. Bezerra ◽  
Priscila do N. Bezerra ◽  
Mozaniel S. de Oliveira ◽  
Wanessa A. da Costa ◽  
Gracialda C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The World ◽  
Varied Chemical

Background: Croton species are widely spread around the world, and present a varied chemical composition distributed in many classes of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and phenylpropanoids. These compounds can be obtained by different extraction methods, and more recently, with supercritical fluids. The crude and isolated extracts may have applications due to their biological activities in animals and humans. Methods: The text was written based on literature data from 1996 onwards. Results: The research showed in a concise way the botanical and taxonomic aspects of Croton and the success of its application is in studies related to the biological activities of the plant parts. It was also related to the chemical composition of its extracts and isolated compounds, obtained by many methods. Conclusion: In summary, the review feature studies reported the use of extracts and isolated Croton compounds due to their biological effects with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antitumor, anticancer, cytotoxic, insecticidal and allelopathic activities, with potential application in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals products.

scholarly journals Tamoxifen non-estrogen receptor mediated molecular targets

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Bogush ◽  
Evgeny Dudko ◽  
Elena Bogush ◽  
Boris Polotsky ◽  
Sergei Tjulandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tamoxifen Treatment ◽  
Cellular Targets

Recent experimental studies revealing new biological effects of tamoxifen on tumor cells both expressing and not expressing different types of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) show new aspects of a seemingly well known agent. This review describes tamoxifen targets, the blocking of which leads to inhibition of tumor cell growth and angiogenesis, stimulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis, autophagia and necrosis), inhibition of multidrug resistance, invasion and metastasis. Since outcomes of tamoxifen action on cells are prognostically good from the point of view of both tumor growth/metastasis inhibition and tumor response to drug therapy, the authors believe this is an extremely important addition to tamoxifen antiestrogenic effect. Arguments are provided to consider the strategy of long-term tamoxifen treatment proposed by Professor Craig V. Jordan in the 1970s that is also applicable to the treatment of other tumors. This is, first of all, the fact that expression of estrogen receptor-beta that can also be targeted by tamoxifen therapy in solid tumors of practically all known sites and histologies. The authors believe that molecular biological screening of patients with respect to expression of tamoxifen cellular targets other than ERα and ERβ is needed to use to the full all tamoxifen biological activities other than modulation of estrogen receptors during long-term adjuvant therapy for cancers of various sites.

scholarly journals Different Cannabis sativa Extraction Methods Result in Different Biological Activities against a Colon Cancer Cell Line and Healthy Colon Cells

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Jan Rožanc ◽  
Petra Kotnik ◽  
Marko Milojević ◽  
Lidija Gradišnik ◽  
Maša Knez Hrnčič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Colon Cells

Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest medicinal plants used by humans, containing hundreds of bioactive compounds. The biological effects and interplay of these compounds are far from fully understood, although the plant’s therapeutic effects are beyond doubt. Extraction methods for these compounds are becoming an integral part of modern Cannabis-based medicine. Still, little is known about how different methods affect the final composition of Cannabis extracts and thus, their therapeutic effects. In this study, different extraction methods were tested, namely maceration, Soxhlet, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and supercritical CO2 extraction methods. The obtained extracts were evaluated for their cannabinoid content, antioxidant properties, and in vitro bioactivity on human colon cancer and healthy colon cells. Our data suggest that Cannabis extracts, when properly prepared, can significantly decrease cancer cell viability while protecting healthy cells from cytotoxic effects. However, post-processing of extracts poses a significant limitation in predicting therapeutic response based on the composition of the crude extract, as it affects not only the actual amounts of the respective cannabinoids but also their relative ratio to the primary extracts. These effects must be carefully considered in the future preparations of new therapeutic extracts.

scholarly journals An Overview onCitrus aurantiumL.: Its Functions as Food Ingredient and Therapeutic Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ipek Suntar ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Seema Patel ◽  
Rita Celano ◽  
Luca Rastrelli
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Bitter Orange ◽  
Human Models ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Citrus aurantiumL. (Rutaceae), commonly known as bitter orange, possesses multiple therapeutic potentials. These biological credentials include anticancer, antianxiety, antiobesity, antibacterial, antioxidant, pesticidal, and antidiabetic activities. The essential oil ofC. aurantiumwas reported to display marked pharmacological effects and great variation in chemical composition depending on growing locations but mostly contained limonene, linalool, andβ-myrcene. Phytochemically,C. aurantiumis rich inp-synephrine, an alkaloid, and many health-giving secondary metabolites such as flavonoids. Animal studies have demonstrated a low affinity ofp-synephrine for adrenergic receptors and an even lower affinity in human models. The present review focuses on the different biological activities of theC. aurantiumin animal and human models in the form of extract and its pure secondary metabolites. Finally, it is concluded that both the extract and isolated compounds have no unwanted effects in human at therapeutic doses and, therefore, can confidently be used in various dietary formulations.

scholarly journals Tamoxifen non-estrogen receptor mediated molecular targets

2012 ◽  
pp. e15
Author(s):  
Tatiana Bogush ◽  
Evgeny Dudko ◽  
Elena Bogush ◽  
Boris Polotsky ◽  
Sergei Tjulandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Tamoxifen Treatment ◽  
Cellular Targets

Recent experimental studies revealing new biological effects of tamoxifen on tumor cells both expressing and not expressing different types of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) show new aspects of a seemingly well known agent. This review describes tamoxifen targets, the blocking of which leads to inhibition of tumor cell growth and angiogenesis, stimulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis, autophagia and necrosis), inhibition of multidrug resistance, invasion and metastasis. Since outcomes of tamoxifen action on cells are prognostically good from the point of view of both tumor growth/metastasis inhibition and tumor response to drug therapy, the authors believe this is an extremely important addition to tamoxifen antiestrogenic effect. Arguments are provided to consider the strategy of long-term tamoxifen treatment proposed by Professor Craig V. Jordan in the 1970s that is also applicable to the treatment of other tumors. This is, first of all, the fact that expression of estrogen receptor-beta that can also be targeted by tamoxifen therapy in solid tumors of practically all known sites and histologies. The authors believe that molecular biological screening of patients with respect to expression of tamoxifen cellular targets other than ERα and ERβ is needed to use to the full all tamoxifen biological activities other than modulation of estrogen receptors during long-term adjuvant therapy for cancers of various sites.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaber El-Saber Batiha ◽  
Ahmed Olatunde ◽  
Amany El-Mleeh ◽  
Helal F. Hetta ◽  
Salim Al-Rejaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Ancient Times

Plants have been used since ancient times to cure certain infectious diseases, and some of them are now standard treatments for several diseases. Due to the side effects and resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics and most drugs on the market, a great deal of attention has been paid to extracts and biologically active compounds isolated from plant species used in herbal medicine. Artemisia absinthium is an important perennial shrubby plant that has been widely used for the treatment of several ailments. Traditionally, A. absinthium has always been of pharmaceutical and botanical importance and used to manage several disorders including hepatocyte enlargement, hepatitis, gastritis, jaundice, wound healing, splenomegaly, dyspepsia, indigestion, flatulence, gastric pain, anemia, and anorexia. It has also been documented to possess antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anti-ulcer, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activity. Long-term use of A. absinthium essential oil may cause toxic and mental disorders in humans with clinical manifestations including convulsions, sleeplessness, and hallucinations. Combination chemotherapies of artemisia extract or its isolated active constituents with the currently available antibabesial or anti-malarial drugs are now documented to relieve malaria and piroplasmosis infections. The current review examines the phytoconstituents, toxic and biological activities of A. absinthium.

scholarly journals A Recent Review on Chemistry and Biological Activities of Bryophyllum Pinatum (Lam.) Oken Family: Crassulaceae

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280
Author(s):  
Priyanka Yadav ◽  
Arun Kumar Mishra ◽  
Harpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Web Science ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken belongs to the family Crassulaceae, one of the important medicinal plants which has great significances to treat various disorders, ailments in human beings. This study tells phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of extracts of Bry.pin(Lam.) Oken. The aim of this review is to emphasise the recent and advanced research on different parts of plant extracts used. The forty secondary metabolites were isolated by different researchers where the most important includes flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, steroids and these secondary metabolites were responsible for various biological actions as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, wound healing and hepatoprotective actions which are incorporated. All this information gathered into this review were collected by using electronic search as PubMed, Research gate, Elsevier, Google scholar and Web science. Further studies also required on extracts for getting more information about mechanism of action, biological effects, safety, dosage required. By observing the medicinal uses and pharmacological profile of Bry.pin(Lam.) Oken might be transferred into a new various herbal formulation and can report for future.

scholarly journals Identification and Extraction Optimization of Active Constituents in Citrus junos Seib ex TANAKA Peel and Its Biological Evaluation

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-hyun Shim ◽  
Jung-il Chae ◽  
Seung-sik Cho
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Citrus Junos ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Citrus junos Seib ex TANAKA possesses various biological effects. It has been used in oriental remedies for blood circulation and the common cold. Recently, biological effects of C. junos peel have been reported. However, optimization of the biological properties of C. junos peel preparations has yet to be reported on. We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantification of the active constituents in C. junos peel. Hot water and ethanolic extracts of C. junos peel were prepared and their chemical profiles and biological activities were evaluated. The 80% ethanolic extract demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activity and phenolic content, while the 100% ethanolic extract had the greatest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Elastase inhibition activity was superior in aqueous and 20% ethanolic extracts. The contents of two flavonoids were highest in the 100% ethanolic extract. We postulated that the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of C. junos peel extract could be attributed to phenolics such as flavonoids. Our results suggest that the flavonoid-rich extract of C. junos may be utilized for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disease and hyperuricemia while the water-soluble extract of C. junos could be used as a source for its anti-aging properties.

Extraction, isolation and characterization of Bauhinia variegata flower

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Akanksha Gupta ◽  
Abhishek K Tripathi ◽  
Pushpraj S Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Compound A ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata

Background: Bauhinia variegata Linn. is a native plant of Asia and China. B. variegata is found in tropical regions of the world. It belongs to family Leguminosae. It is used for diarrhea, hemorrhoids, constipation, piles, edema, leprosy, wounds, tumors, etc.  Objective: The objective of the present study was to perform extraction of B. variegata flower and isolation of active constituents from the extract. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extraction of B. variegata flower was performed using the Soxhlet apparatus. The isolation of active constituents from the extract was performed using chromatographic techniques. In column chromatographic studies, n-hexane- [dichloromethane (DCM)] (2:8) was used as an eluting system and further purified through thin layer chromatography (TLC). Compound A and B were isolated through chromatographic techniques, then the molecular formula and characterization of these compounds were carried out with mass and infrared (IR) spectral analysis. Results and Discussion: The percentage yield of B. variegata ethanolic extract (BVE) was found to be 20.8% w/w. The different fractions were F1 having 12.5 grams with n-hexane, F2 (17.1 grams) with CH2Cl2, F3 (21.2 grams) with EtOAc, and F4 (13.4 grams) with EtOH. Compound A and B were isolated from the solvent fractions of n-hexane-DCM (2:8) and EtOAc-DCM (1:9), respectively. The compound A was characterized as 3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. The compound B was characterized as 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-4-one. Conclusion: Thus, B. variegata flowers possess active components that need to identify their biological activities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document