scholarly journals Resveratrol against Cardiac Fibrosis: Research Progress in Experimental Animal Models

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6860
Author(s):  
Dongmin Yu ◽  
Zhixian Tang ◽  
Ben Li ◽  
Junjian Yu ◽  
Wentong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Collagen Network ◽  
Trans Stilbene ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways ◽  
Diastolic Functions

Cardiac fibrosis is a heterogeneous disease, which is characterized by abundant proliferation of interstitial collagen, disordered arrangement, collagen network reconstruction, increased cardiac stiffness, and decreased systolic and diastolic functions, consequently developing into cardiac insufficiency. With several factors participating in and regulating the occurrence and development of cardiac fibrosis, a complex molecular mechanism underlies the disease. Moreover, cardiac fibrosis is closely related to hypertension, myocardial infarction, viral myocarditis, atherosclerosis, and diabetes, which can lead to serious complications such as heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death, thus seriously threatening human life and health. Resveratrol, with the chemical name 3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, is a polyphenol abundantly present in grapes and red wine. It is known to prevent the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, it may resist cardiac fibrosis through a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and several cell signaling pathways, thus exerting a protective effect on the heart.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Piceatannol, an Oxygenated Analog of Resveratrol

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Takuya Tashiro ◽  
Shinobu Honzawa ◽  
Takumichi Sugihara
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cross Coupling Reaction ◽  
Trans Stilbene ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

Piceatannol (3,3′,4,5′-tetrahydroxy- trans-stilbene, 2), an oxygenated analog of resveratrol (1), was synthesized. It is one of the naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbenoids contained in red wine, and possesses many kinds of beneficial effects such as anticancer activity. The trans-stilbene skeleton of 2 was constructed by Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction of triflate 8 with ( E)-alkenylboronoate 13. The key intermediate 13 was prepared diastereoselectively by acid-catalyzed hydroboration of pinacolborane 12 to alkyne 11.

scholarly journals Diet and Skin Aging—From the Perspective of Food Nutrition

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Cao ◽  
Zhichao Xiao ◽  
Yinglong Wu ◽  
Changrong Ge
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Food And Nutrition

We regularly face primary challenges in deciding what to eat to maintain young and healthy skin, defining a healthy diet and the role of diet in aging. The topic that currently attracts maximum attention is ways to maintain healthy skin and delay skin aging. Skin is the primary barrier that protects the body from external aggressions. Skin aging is a complex biological process, categorized as chronological aging and photo-aging, and is affected by internal factors and external factors. With the rapid breakthrough of medicine in prolonging human life and the rapid deterioration of environmental conditions, it has become urgent to find safe and effective methods to treat skin aging. For diet, as the main way for the body to obtain energy and nutrients, people have gradually realized its importance to the skin. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the skin structure, aging manifestations, and possible mechanisms, summarize the research progress, challenges, possible directions of diet management, and effects of foodborne antioxidants on skin aging from the perspective of food and nutrition.

scholarly journals let-7 microRNAs: Their Role in Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases, Inflammation, Cancer, and Their Regulation

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
David L. Bernstein ◽  
Xinpei Jiang ◽  
Slava Rom
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Development And Differentiation

The let-7 family is among the first microRNAs found. Recent investigations have indicated that it is highly expressed in many systems, including cerebral and cardiovascular systems. Numerous studies have implicated the aberrant expression of let-7 members in cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac fibrosis, and atherosclerosis as well as in the inflammation related to these diseases. Furthermore, the let-7 microRNAs are involved in development and differentiation of embryonic stem cells in the cardiovascular system. Numerous genes have been identified as target genes of let-7, as well as a number of the let-7’ regulators. Further studies are necessary to identify the gene targets and signaling pathways of let-7 in cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory processes. The bulk of the let-7’ regulatory proteins are well studied in development, proliferation, differentiation, and cancer, but their roles in inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and/or stroke are not well understood. Further knowledge on the regulation of let-7 is crucial for therapeutic advances. This review focuses on research progress regarding the roles of let-7 and their regulation in cerebral and cardiovascular diseases and associated inflammation.

scholarly journals BMP7 Ameliorated Viral Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeqing Xie ◽  
Jianquan Liao ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Ruizhen Chen ◽  
Xiaoqiang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cvb3 Infection ◽  
Endothelial To Mesenchymal Transition

Abstract Background: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Endo-MT) is associated with myocardial fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Endo-MT) is induced by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs). Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) significantly inhibits Endo-MT and the progression of cardiac fibrosis. The study was aimed to investigate the effect and the underlying mechanism of BMP7 on Endo-MT in myocardial fibrosis induce by CVB3 infection in vivo. Methods: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected by CVB3 to induce viral myocarditis (VMC). Mice were treated with BMP7 after CVB3 infection. Subsequently, all groups of mice were determined by echocardiography, histopathologic and molecular detection. Results: We found that the ratio of BMP7/TGF-β1 in mRNA levels was decreased obviously at different time points after CVB3 injection. BMP7 facilitated the recovery of cardiac function after CVB3 infection via inhibition of myocardial damage, collagen deposition. Double immunofluorescence staining indicated that Endo-MT was implicated in CVB3-induced myocardial fibrosis, which was attenuated by BMP7. The protein levels of pSmad3 and Smad4 were significantly upregulated in VMC group, as well as Wnt/β-catenin and the transcription factor snail. BMP7 treatment reversed the changes of these protein levels. Moreover, CO-IP demonstrated the crosstalk between β-catenin and Smad3 in VMC mice, which was downregulated by BMP7 treatment. Conclusions: These results indicated that BMP7 obviously ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in CVB3-infected mice via Endo-MT, which was involved in the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. β-Catenin/Smad3 interaction may be associated with Endo-MT in the development of viral myocardial fibrosis.

scholarly journals Research Progress of miRNA Regulating Cell Signaling Pathways Related to Hepatocarcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Xingwu Yang ◽  
Guotai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Tumor Cell Proliferation ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in clinical practice. The pathogenesis of HCC is still unclear. Currently, the clinical treatment of HCC is poorly targeted and the therapeutic effect is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are closely related to the occurrence of HCC, and they are mainly involved in the occurrence and development of HCC through binding to target genes or acting on related signaling pathways. In recent years, studies have shown that miRNA can be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. In addition, studies have also shown that miRNA plays a tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting role in the process of HCC by regulating the biological processes of tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. In this paper, the recent studies on miRNA signaling pathways related to the occurrence and development of HCC were reviewed, with a view to providing ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HCC.

scholarly journals The Optimal Intervention Time of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ameliorating Cardiac Fibrosis Induced by Viral Myocarditis: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Wu ◽  
Yuan Xie ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Xuliang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Optimal Intervention ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have recently been introduced to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction and dilated cardiomyopathy. Nevertheless, there are few researches focused on the application of BMSCs in treating viral myocarditis, not to mention its optimal intervention timer potential mechanisms. In our study, we concentrated on finding an optimal time window to perform BMSCs treatment in a murine model of myocarditis induced by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). On the 1st day, 3rd day, 7th day, and 14th day after BALB/c mice were infected by CVB3, we intravenously injected equivalent BMSCs into the treatment groups. With a 28-day follow-up after inoculation, we found that the ventricular function was significantly improved in the BMSCs treatment group and cardiac fibrosis markedly ameliorated, especially when BMSCs were injected between 1 and 2 weeks after CVB3 inoculation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that after BMSCs treatment, the expressions of TGF-β, col1α1, and col3α1 were significantly decreased. Therefore, we conclude that BMSCs may have a potential to improve CVB3-induced myocarditis by ameliorating cardiac fibrosis through the inhibition of TGF-β expression.

scholarly journals P521Regulation of MMP activity influences cardiac fibrosis and cardiac inflammation during viral myocarditis

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S127-S127
Author(s):  
D Lindner ◽  
P M Becher ◽  
B Stoffers ◽  
S Hinrichs ◽  
M Schwarzl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Cardiac Inflammation

scholarly journals The key technology toward the self-driving car

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Zhao ◽  
Bodong Liang ◽  
Qiuxia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
The Self ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Environment Perception ◽  
The Development Trend

Purpose The successful and commercial use of self-driving/driverless/unmanned/automated car will make human life easier. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the key technology of a self-driving car. In this paper, the four key technologies in self-driving car, namely, car navigation system, path planning, environment perception and car control, are addressed and surveyed. The main research institutions and groups in different countries are summarized. Finally, the debates of self-driving car are discussed and the development trend of self-driving car is predicted. Findings This paper analyzes the key technology of self-driving car and illuminates the state-of-art of the self-driving car. Originality/value The main research contents and key technology have been introduced. The research progress as well as the research institution has been summarized.

scholarly journals Cardiac Function Remains Impaired Despite Reversible Cardiac Remodeling after Acute Experimental Viral Myocarditis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Moritz Becher ◽  
Frauke Gotzhein ◽  
Karin Klingel ◽  
Felicitas Escher ◽  
Stefan Blankenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Coxsackievirus B3 ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cardiac Inflammation ◽  
Hemodynamic Function

Background. Infection with Coxsackievirus B3 induces myocarditis. We aimed to compare the acute and chronic phases of viral myocarditis to identify the immediate effects of cardiac inflammation as well as the long-term effects after resolved inflammation on cardiac fibrosis and consequently on cardiac function.Material and Methods. We infected C57BL/6J mice with Coxsackievirus B3 and determined the hemodynamic function 7 as well as 28 days after infection. Subsequently, we analyzed viral burden and viral replication in the cardiac tissue as well as the expression of cytokines and matrix proteins. Furthermore, cardiac fibroblasts were infected with virus to investigate if viral infection alone induces profibrotic signaling.Results. Severe cardiac inflammation was determined and cardiac fibrosis was consistently colocalized with inflammation during the acute phase of myocarditis. Declined cardiac inflammation but no significantly improved hemodynamic function was observed 28 days after infection. Interestingly, cardiac fibrosis declined to basal levels as well. Both cardiac inflammation and fibrosis were reversible, whereas the hemodynamic function remains impaired after healed viral myocarditis in C57BL/6J mice.

Biosecurity: tools, behaviours and concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-452
Author(s):  
Alan MacLeod ◽  
Nicola Spence
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Biosecurity Practices

COVID 19 has raised the profile of biosecurity. However, biosecurity is not only about protecting human life. This issue brings together mini-reviews examining recent developments and thinking around some of the tools, behaviours and concepts around biosecurity. They illustrate the multi-disciplinary nature of the subject, demonstrating the interface between research and policy. Biosecurity practices aim to prevent the spread of harmful organisms; recognising that 2020 is the International Year of Plant Health, several focus on plant biosecurity although invasive species and animal health concerns are also captured. The reviews show progress in developing early warning systems and that plant protection organisations are increasingly using tools that compare multiple pest threats to prioritise responses. The bespoke modelling of threats can inform risk management responses and synergies between meteorology and biosecurity provide opportunities for increased collaboration. There is scope to develop more generic models, increasing their accessibility to policy makers. Recent research can improve pest surveillance programs accounting for real-world constraints. Social science examining individual farmer behaviours has informed biosecurity policy; taking a broader socio-cultural approach to better understand farming networks has the potential to change behaviours in a new way. When encouraging public recreationists to adopt positive biosecurity behaviours communications must align with their values. Bringing together the human, animal, plant and environmental health sectors to address biosecurity risks in a common and systematic manner within the One Biosecurity concept can be achieved through multi-disciplinary working involving the life, physical and social sciences with the support of legislative bodies and the public.

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