scholarly journals Applications of Cannabis Sativa L. in Food and Its Therapeutic Potential: From a Prohibited Drug to a Nutritional Supplement

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7699
Author(s):  
Amna Iftikhar ◽  
Umaima Zafar ◽  
Waqar Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Asim Shabbir ◽  
Aysha Sameen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Oil Source

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a herbaceous anemophilous plant that belongs to the Cannabinaceae family. The cannabis seed (hemp) has long been utilized as a food source and is commercially important as an edible oil source. In this review, the positive and negative health effects of cannabis, the relationship between cannabis and various diseases, and the use of cannabis in various food products have been discussed. In addition, the scientific literature on the potential use of cannabis and its derivatives as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and chronic degenerative diseases in animals and humans has been reviewed. Cannabis is being developed as a key ingredient in a variety of food items, including bakery, confectionery, beverages, dairy, fruits, vegetables, and meat. Hemp seeds are high in readily digestible proteins, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), insoluble fiber, carbs, and favorable omega-6 PUFA acid to omega-3 PUFA ratio and have high nutritional value. The antioxidants of cannabis, such as polyphenols, help with anxiety, oxidative stress, and the risk of chronic illnesses, including cancer, neurological disorders, digestive problems, and skin diseases. Cannabis has been shown to have negative health impacts on the respiratory system, driving, and psychomotor functions, and the reproductive system. Overall, the purpose of this research is to stimulate more in-depth research on cannabis’s adaptation in various foods and for the treatment of chronic illnesses.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamaria Balić ◽  
Domagoj Vlašić ◽  
Kristina Žužul ◽  
Branka Marinović ◽  
Zrinka Bukvić Mokos
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are nowadays desirable components of oils with special dietary and functional properties. Their therapeutic and health-promoting effects have already been established in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through various mechanisms, including modifications in cell membrane lipid composition, gene expression, cellular metabolism, and signal transduction. The application of ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs in most common skin diseases has been examined in numerous studies, but their results and conclusions were mostly opposing and inconclusive. It seems that combined ω-6, gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and ω-3 long-chain PUFAs supplementation exhibits the highest potential in diminishing inflammatory processes, which could be beneficial for the management of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and acne. Due to significant population and individually-based genetic variations that impact PUFAs metabolism and associated metabolites, gene expression, and subsequent inflammatory responses, at this point, we could not recommend strict dietary and supplementation strategies for disease prevention and treatment that will be appropriate for all. Well-balanced nutrition and additional anti-inflammatory PUFA-based supplementation should be encouraged in a targeted manner for individuals in need to provide better management of skin diseases but, most importantly, to maintain and improve overall skin health.

scholarly journals An Overview of Analeptic Applications of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Bharat Kwatra ◽  
Harsimran Kaur ◽  
Joydip Majumdar ◽  
Mahek Shah ◽  
Mansi Upadhyaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This article is an examination of the Analeptic Applications of Omega-3. The scientific development and subsequent clinical applications of Omega-3 in Healthcare continue to influence researchers all over the globe today. This article examines the research done and published by researchers and scientists. Consideration of current trends and data in scientific queries and demonstrates further aspects of the applications of Omega-3 on various health backgrounds, including. Cardiovascular Health: The study addresses the comparison of Omega-3 and Omega-6 in cardiovascular diseases. Higher intake of dietary Omega-3 helps activation, inhibition, and alteration of metabolic and signaling pathways which is associated with better cardiovascular health, while Omega-6 decreases the risk of coronary heart diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality. Immunology: Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) have been found to show an anti-inflammatory effect in the body by downregulating the activation of various immune cells. They regulate immunological functions via eicosanoids and resolvins which are anti-inflammatory. External supplementation can reduce chronic and acute inflammation as well as reduce the chances of graft rejection. The regulatory effect is shown by modifying gene expression and/or signal transduction in human cells. They are also involved in altering the membrane composition of Fatty Acids(FA) and as a result, they affect the lipid raft structure and also membrane trafficking. Joint Health: The study shows the effects of omega-3 and other fatty acid consumption in Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA), bone marrow lesions, and knee cartilage lesions. It notes the interrelations between synovitis, plasma levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs in OsteoArthritis (OA) patients along with risk factors for OA, which could help consider liable treatments for improvement of OA. The study highlights the importance of the Omega-6:Omega-3 PUFA ratio and clinical and functional outcome measures which can help us in better understanding the role of PUFAs and possible treatments for people with knee osteoarthritis while showing the effect of Omega-3 fatty acids on muscle health in RA. Skin Disorders: Fish oils rich in PUFAs are reported to improve several inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. They have also been broadly reported as a potential supplement to ameliorate the severity of some skin disorders such as photoaging, skin cancer, allergy, dermatitis, cutaneous wounds, and melanogenesis. The significance of omega-3 in skin structure was proved by describing a syndrome caused by stringent fat reduction in the diet that leads to erythema with scaling, hair loss, itching, and increased water loss.

scholarly journals Cannabis sativa and Skin Health: Dissecting the Role of Phytocannabinoids

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Martinelli ◽  
Andrea Magnavacca ◽  
Marco Fumagalli ◽  
Mario DellʼAgli ◽  
Stefano Piazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThe use of Cannabis sativa is currently recognized to ease certain types of chronic pain, reduce chemotherapy-induced nausea, and improve anxiety. Nevertheless, few studies highlighted the therapeutic potential of C. sativa extracts and related phytocannabinoids for a variety of widespread skin disorders including acne, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pruritus, and pain. This review summarized the current evidence on the effects of phytocannabinoids at the cutaneous level through the collection of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies published on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science until October 2020. Phytocannabinoids have demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-acne properties by various mechanisms involving either CB1/2-dependent and independent pathways. Not only classical immune cells, but also several skin-specific actors, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and sebocytes, may represent a target for phytocannabinoids. Cannabidiol, the most investigated compound, revealed photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms at the cutaneous level, while the possible impact on cell differentiation, especially in the case of psoriasis, would require further investigation. Animal models and pilot clinical studies supported the application of cannabidiol in inflammatory-based skin diseases. Also, one of the most promising applications of non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids is the treatment of seborrheic disorders, especially acne. In conclusion, the incomplete knowledge of the role of the endocannabinoid system in skin disorders emerged as an important limit for pharmacological investigations. Moreover, the limited studies conducted on C. sativa extracts suggested a higher potency than single phytocannabinoids, thus stimulating new research on phytocannabinoid interaction.

Evaluation of dietary coated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on reproduction performance, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles in lactating sows and suckling piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Hyeok-Min Yun ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplementation ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Blood Profiles

A total of 16 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were used in a 33-day trial (7 days before expected parturition) to determine the effects of dietary coated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on reproduction performance, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles in lactating sows and suckling piglets. Pigs were randomly allotted into two treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and the parity was 4.9. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, corn-soybean meal based diet (omega-6:omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio of 17:1) and TRT, CON + 0.9% omega-3 PUFA (omega-6:omega-3 PUFA ratio of 5:1). The supplementation of coated omega-3 increased piglet’s body weight (BW) (d 7) and average daily gain (ADG) (d 0 to d 7) (P < 0.05) from farrowing to weanling compared with control. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed on reproduction performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profile in sows. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the dietary supplementation of 0.9% omega-3 PUFA in corn-soybean meal based diet (omega-6:omega3 PUFA ratio of 5:1) improved BW and ADG of suckling piglets during the first week.

Insights on dietary omega-6/omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in oxidative metabolic pathways of oncological bone disease and global health

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Bjørklund ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Monica Daniela Doşa ◽  
Salvatore Chirumbolo ◽  
Joeri J. Pen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Bone Microenvironment ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Antioxidative Effects

: Various nutrients have been designated as antioxidants, with a possible effect on diseases from the likes of cancer. This is partly due to their effect on prostaglandins, thereby affecting local pathological metabolic acidosis. This paper aims to summarize the culprit pathophysiological mechanisms involved, with a focus on the bone microenvironment. The omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio, in particular, is investigated on its antioxidative effects, countering these pathways to fight disease. This feature is applied concerning its impact on health in general, with a particular focus on malignant bone metastasis.

Pharmacological analysis of Cannabis sativa: A potent herbal plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Husnain ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Mohammad Ali Assiri ◽  
Naveed Zubair Wattoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Complete Evaluation

: Genus Cannabis belong to family Cannabaceae and is traditionally used as medicinal plant against many diseases notably asthma, malaria, treatment of skin diseases, diabetes and headache. The plant Cannabis sativa L. is flowering and an annual herbaceous plant located to eastern Asia but now of cosmopolitan distribution due to extensive cultivation. Aim of the study: The aim of review is to provide a complete evaluation of the botanical, ethnological and chemical aspects of Cannabis sativa L., and its importance in pharmacological studies. Results and discussions: This article briefly reviews the botany, traditional knowledge, pharmacological and therapeutic application of the plant C. sativa. This is an attempt to compile and document information about the chemical constituent, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of C. sativa as important herbal drug due to its safety and effectiveness. Studies have revealed its use as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and improving testicular function in rats. Consumption of C. sativa is greater in all over the world among all other drugs of abuse in its various forms such as marijuana, hashish and cannabis oil. The study of herbal medicine spans the knowledge of biology, history, source, physical and chemical nature, and mechanism of action, traditional, medicinal and therapeutic use of drug. This article also provide knowledge about macroscopically and microscopically characters of Cannabis sativa with geographical sources. The wellknown cannabinoids are Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabichromene (CBC) and their pharmacological properties and importance have been extensively studied. Hence, efforts are required to establish and validate evidence regarding safety and practices of Ayurveda medicines. Conclusion: Thes studies will help in expanding the current therapeutic potential of C. sativa and it also provide a strong support to its future clinical use as herbal medicines having safe in use with no side effects.

scholarly journals Omega-3 PUFA Responders and Non-Responders and the Prevention of Lipid Dysmetabolism and Related Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Serini ◽  
Gabriella Calviello
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Background Diet ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Responsiveness ◽  
Positive Results

The long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-omega-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are the most popular dietary supplements recommended for the prevention/management of lipid dysmetabolisms and related diseases. However, remarkable inconsistencies exist among the outcomes of the human intervention studies in this field, which contrast with the impressive homogeneity of positive results of most of the preclinical studies. In the present review, we will firstly examine a series of factors—such as background diet composition, gut microbiota and genetic/epigenetic variants, which may lie beneath these inconsistencies. Moreover, we will discuss the recent advance in the knowledge of possible specific biomarkers (genetic-, epigenetic- and microbiota-related) that are being investigated with the goal to apply them in a personalized supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs. We will also consider the possibility of using already available parameters (Omega-3 index, Omega-6 PUFA/Omega-3 PUFA ratio) able to predict the individual responsiveness to these fatty acids and will discuss the optimal timing for their use. Finally, we will critically examine the results of those human studies that have already adopted the distinction of the subjects into omega-3 PUFA responders and non-responders and will discuss the advantage of using such an approach.

scholarly journals Feeding Fish Oil and Linseed Oil to Laying Hens to Increase the n-3 PUFA in Egg Yolk

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kralik ◽  
Z. Škrtić ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
E. Straková ◽  
Z. Gajčević
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Egg Yolks

The research was carried out to assess the possibility of egg yolk enrichment with n-3 PUFA through supplementation of fish oil (FO) and linseed oil (LO) to layer diet. A total of 84 ISA Brown laying hens were divided into three groups. Each group consisted of seven cages with four hens per cage. Groups received diets differing in combinations of oils. The diet fed to group E1 contained 1.50% LO and 3.5% FO, group E2 had diets with 2.5% LO and 2.5% FO, and group E3 was fed diets with 3.5% LO and 1.5% FO. Contents of fatty acids in oils, diets and egg yolks were analyzed. The egg yolk content of α-linolenic acid (α-LNA) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in total fatty acids was increased (P < 0.001) due to the increased content of linseed oil in hen diet and it was the most favourable in group E3. In groups E1, E2 and E3, the α-LNA content was 3.25%, 4.33% and 5.18%, respectively, and the n-3 PUFA content was 6.80%, 7.22% and 8.50%, respectively. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid was higher (P < 0.05) in egg yolks of group E1 than that of groups E2 and E3. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were found among groups in the docosahexaenoic acid content. The omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio in groups E1, E2 and E3 was 2.96, 2.93 and 2.49, respectively. Increased concentration of linseed oil and reduced concentration of rapeseed oil in diets resulted in less SFA (P < 0.001) and more n-3 PUFA in egg yolks. It was determined that laying hens have the ability to synthesize EPA and DHA from α-LNA if they receive enough α-LNA through their diets.

scholarly journals Konopie siewne Cannabis sativa L. – odmiany, właściwości, zastosowanie

2021 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-105
Author(s):  
Joanna Markowska ◽  
Elżbieta Polak ◽  
Anna Drabent ◽  
Aleksandra Żak
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

Konopie siewne (Cannabis sativa L.) to starożytne rośliny uprawne o wielu zastosowaniach, pochodzące z Azji Środkowej. W pracy przedstawiono przegląd piśmiennictwa dotyczącego konopi, związków czynnych w nich zawartych, aktywności biologicznej, właściwości leczniczych oraz możliwości wykorzystania w medycynie i żywności. Szerokie zastosowanie w przemyśle spożywczym znajdują nasiona konopne, które są dobrym źródłem białka, błonnika, witaminy E, żelaza, wapnia, cynku, fosforu i magnezu. Za smak i zapach konopi odpowiedzialne są węglowodory terpenowe, głównie β-kariofilen i α-humulen (seskwiterpeny) oraz monoterpen, mircen. Obecnie głównym obiektem zainteresowania przemysłu jest tłoczony z nasion olej bogaty w tokoferole, fitosterole, karotenoidy, polifenole i fosfolipidy. Olej konopny zawiera ponad 80 % NNKT, w tym kwasy γ-linolenowy (GLA), linolowy i α-linolenowy, przy optymalnym stosunku wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych omega-6 do omega-3 w proporcji 3 : 1. Stosowanie oleju w technologii żywności jest ograniczone ze względu na intensywny jego kolor i smak. Inne związki aktywnie czynne identyfikowane w Cannabis sativa L. reprezentowane są przez kannabinoidy, dihydrostilbeny i spiroindany. Kannabinoidy charakteryzują się właściwościami przeciwzapalnymi, przeciwbakteryjnymi, przeciwbólowymi i przeciwdepresyjnymi. Produkty z nasion konopnych stanowią dodatki do herbat, kawy, wyrobów czekoladowych, napojów mlecznych, pieczywa i wyrobów cukierniczych, a także piwa, wina, miodu czy produktów dla sportowców. W artykule omówiono także wymagania prawne związane z możliwością zastosowań kannabinoidów w żywności oraz wprowadzaniem produktów spożywczych z ich udziałem do obrotu towarowego.

scholarly journals Dietary omega-6 fatty acid replacement selectively impairs cardiac functional recovery after ischemia in female (but not male) rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (3) ◽  
pp. H768-H780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy T. K. Ip ◽  
Andrew McAlindon ◽  
Sarah E. Miller ◽  
James R. Bell ◽  
Claire L. Curl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cardiac Effect ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Omega 6

A definitive understanding of the role of dietary lipids in determining cardioprotection (or cardiodetriment) has been elusive. Randomized trial findings have been variable and sex specificity of dietary interventions has not been determined. In this investigation the sex-selective cardiac functional effects of three diets enriched by omega-3 or omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or enriched to an equivalent extent in saturated fatty acid components were examined in rats after an 8-wk treatment period. In females the myocardial membrane omega-6:omega-3 PUFA ratio was twofold higher than males in the omega-6 diet replacement group. In diets specified to be high in omega-3 PUFA or in saturated fat, this sex difference was not apparent. Isolated cardiomyocyte and heart Langendorff perfusion experiments were performed, and molecular measures of cell viability were assessed. Under basal conditions the contractile performance of omega-6 fed female cardiomyocytes and hearts was reduced compared with males. Omega-6 fed females exhibited impaired systolic resilience after ischemic insult. This response was associated with increased postischemia necrotic cell damage evaluated by coronary lactate dehydrogenase during reperfusion in omega-6 fed females. Cardiac and myocyte functional parameters were not different between omega-3 and saturated fat dietary groups and within these groups there were no discernible sex differences. Our data provide evidence at both the cardiac and cardiomyocyte levels that dietary saturated fatty acid intake replacement with an omega-6 (but not omega-3) enriched diet has selective adverse cardiac effect in females. This finding has potential relevance in relation to women, cardiac risk, and dietary management.

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