scholarly journals Sustainable Management of Organic Wastes in Sharjah, UAE through Co-Composting

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Md Maruf Mortula ◽  
Aqeel Ahmed ◽  
Kazi Parvez Fattah ◽  
Ghina Zannerni ◽  
Syed A. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Minimal Treatment

Daily human activities and vast green areas produce substantial amounts of organic wastes that end up in landfills with minimal treatment. In addition to the problems associated with landfills, disposal through this method is unsustainable in the long run and does not allow recovering materials from the waste. This paper focuses on the co-composting of different organic wastes produced in The Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), to optimize mixing proportions of three different kinds of wastes—sewage sludge (SS), green waste (GW), and food waste (FW). All three organic wastes were analyzed to determine their chemical composition and the mixing proportions. Ten different mixing proportions as a function of carbon:nitrogen (C:N ratios) were determined and mixed in a NatureMill composter. Compost samples were tested for pH, salinity, conductivity, moisture content, organic matter, organic carbon, phosphorus, total nitrogen, and final C:N ratio after 6 weeks. Results indicate that a period of 5–6 weeks is sufficient for the compost to stabilize. The varying mixing proportions produced a good-quality compost (C:N up to 20:1) with high nutrient content. The study reaffirms that co-composting can be a potential sustainable organic waste management option for the United Arab Emirates.

scholarly journals HERMETIA ILLUCENS ASPEK FORENSIK, KESEHATAN, DAN EKONOMI

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunny Wangko
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Postmortem Interval ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Short Time

Abstract: Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) is distributed throughout the temperate and tropic areas. Adults only need water to survive and are not attracted to human habitation or foods. Generally, adult females oviposit on organic waste of plants, animals, or humans. Larvae have 6 instars which make H. illucens applicable for the estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) at late-stage decomposition. Albeit, the consideration of environmental conditions is significantly needed for obtaining more accurate PMIs. Larvae of Hermetia illucens are useful in bioconversion of organic waste and can reduce the pollution of animal and human manure in a relative short time. Moreover, larva population can inhibit Musca domestica population and several kinds of microbes. The high nutrient content of these larvae make them suitable as animal food. Studies involving geographical, environmental, and seasonal conditions have to be developed to support the usage of Hermetia ilucens more accurately.Keywords: Hermetia illucens, postmortem interval, antimicrobial, bioconversion, animal food  Abstrak: Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) tergolong serangga yang umum ditemukan di daerah berikllim sedang dan tropis. Serangga dewasa hanya memerlukan air untuk mempertahankan hidup dan tidak tertarik pada habitasi atau makanan manusia. Umumnya dewasa betina beroviposisi pada sampah organik baik yang berasal dari tumbuhan, hewan, maupun manusia. Perkembangan larva sampai instar 6 memungkinkannya diaplikasikan untuk perkiraan postmortem interval pada tahap dekomposisi lanjut dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi lingkungan di suatu daerah tertentu untuk mendapatkan PMI yang lebih akurat. Larva Hermetia illucens sangat bermanfaat dalam biokonversi sampah organik dan menurunkan polusi lingkungan akibat kotoran hewan dan manusia dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Selain itu, populasi larva dapat menekan populasi Musca domestica, serta pertumbuhan berbagai jenis mikroba. Kandungan nutrien yang tinggi dari larva Hermetia illucens membuatnya ideal sebagai pakan ternak. Penelitian pada berbagai kondisi geografik, lingkungan, dan musim perlu dikembangkan agar pemanfaatan Hermetia illucens dapat diaplikasikan secara lebih akurat.Kata kunci: Hermetia illucens, postmortem interval, antimikroba, biokonversi, pakan ternak

scholarly journals Compositional Evaluation of Vermicompost Prepared from Different Types of Organic Wastes using Eisenia fetida and Studying its Effect on Crop Growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna Kapila ◽  
Geeta Verma ◽  
Aparajita Sen ◽  
Arti Nigam
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Sources

Background: Vermicomposting or the conversion of organic wastes into fertile manure by earthworms has long been used in agriculture to increase production of crops. Chemical composition of vermicompost determines the quality and its use in increasing crop yield. It is important to carry out compositional analysis of the vermicompost samples if different substrates are used for their preparation.Methods: In this study, we prepared vermicompost using earthworm Eisenia fetida (old name Eisenia foetida) and different organic wastes, namely wheat straw, bagasse, grass, neem leaves etc. The nutrient content (C, H, N, S, P, K and Humic Acid) was determined for each sample and the effect on plant growth was also observed.Result: It was observed that despite the source of vermicompost, nutrient content was always higher in vermicompost than control organic waste. It was also seen that among the different sources, neem leaves and wheat straw gave rise to the most nutritious compost. The effect on plants was also seen to be much better with these vermicompost samples compared to control without added vermicompost. It was observed that the C/N ratio of the organic wastes significantly decreased during vermicompost, which indicates the increase in Nitrogen concentration easily available to plants. Not only were we able to obtain better growth of plants, we were also able to transform some agricultural wastes into useful products, which otherwise would have been dumped into a landfill or burnt, both of which would have been a waste.

Estimation of the productivity and nutritionality of forage mass of new varieties of Medicago lupulina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Vorsheva ◽  
◽  
G.V. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
New Varieties

Medicago has a high nutrient content, and the aerial part of Medicago lupulina contains saponins, tannins, estrogenic substances and calcium salts. The leaves of this plant contain carotene, vitamin D and ascorbic acid. Medicago lupulina can develop a significant green mass, has low pubescence, thin stems and provides a delicate forage. The article presents the results of assessing the productivity and feeding qualities of new varieties ofMedicago lupulina

Nutritional composition of different cape gooseberry genotypes (Physalis peruviana L.) – a comparative study

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-202
Author(s):  
N.T. Petkova ◽  
V.T. Popova ◽  
T.A. Ivanova ◽  
N.N. Mazova ◽  
N.D. Panayotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
South American ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a South American fruit with high nutrient content, pleasant taste and antioxidant properties. However, its consumption in some countries is underеvalued. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional composition of two genotypes of Cape gooseberry fruit produced in Bulgaria (CG-F and CG-P) and to compare it with imported Colombian fruits (CG-C). The samples were assayed for size, diameter, moisture, ash, titratable acidity, pH, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, natural pigments, and mineral content. Bulgarian genotypes were smaller in size than the imported Colombian fruits. The protein content (2.54-1.88 g/100 g) was relatively higher in the imported variety, compared with the locally produced fruit. Carbohydrate content (10.23-14.13 g/100 g) slightly varied between the genotypes. The sweetness of the fruit was due to the main detected sugars – sucrose, glucose and fructose. CG-F and GC-C genotypes had similar sweetness indices, and fruit taste was evaluated as sweet-sour. Pectin content did not exceed 1.85%; the cellulose content varied between 4.29% and 6.64%. Moreover, all investigated fruit had a low lipid content (below 1.00%). The total chlorophyll and carotenoids levels were the highest in the local genotype CG-P (3.62 and 22.36 µg/g). Potassium was the predominant macro-element in all genotypes; there were numerical differences in the rest of the minerals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn), while the heavy metals, Pb, Cd and Cr, were generally absent. Cape gooseberry fruit of Bulgarian origin was evaluated as a low-calorie nutrient, compatible with the imported Colombian fruit.

Nuisance odours produced by benthic cyanobacteria in a Mediterranean river

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vilalta ◽  
H. Guasch ◽  
I. Muñoz ◽  
A. Romaní ◽  
F. Valero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Cyanobacterial Mats ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Mediterranean River ◽  
Benthic Cyanobacteria ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
High Nutrient

Geosmin dynamics in the Llobregat waters were related to the waxing and waning of benthic cyanobacterial mats developing in the river. Geosmin concentration in the water during 2002 reached a maximum of 204 ng L-1, and coincided with an abundance of cyanobacteria in the river. Cyanobacterial mats were favoured by the high nutrient content of the waters. The cyanobacterial mats experienced a process of growth in thickness (attached forms), until they became unattached and drifted downstream (free-floating forms), accumulating in shallow areas of the river. Geosmin in the biofilm ranged from 0.55 ± 0.97 ng geosmin per mg DW-1 in the attached biofilms and 5.25 ± 4.96 ng geosmin per mg DW-1 in the free-floating biofilms. While the attached mats could be responsible for the local occurrence of geosmin at a given site, the free-floating mats became a relevant agent for the dispersion of the metabolite downstream. This impression was reinforced by the extremely high correlation between the geosmin content in the free-floating biofilm and in the water (r = 0.917, p = 0.00001). In order to reduce the geosmin concentration and accumulation of the cyanobacterial mats in shallow river waters, the nutrient content should be controlled and the natural flow conditions restored, to prevent the growth and accumulation of the geosmin-producing cyanobacterial mats.

scholarly journals Health benefits of bioactive compounds from cocoa (Theobroma cacao)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahanas E ◽  
Seeja T Panjikkaran ◽  
Sharon C L ◽  
Remya P R
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Cocoa Products ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Brain

Cocoa is regarded as a super food due to its high nutrient content and proven health benefits. Cocoa beans are rich in carbohydrate (31%), protein (11%), fat (54%), fibre (16%) and minerals. Cocoa is a good source of bioactive compounds too. The major bioactive components are polyphenols constituted of flavanoids and non flavanoids. The bioactive components with rich antioxidants and anti-inflammatory activities contribute to various health benefits. The flavonoid rich chocolates improve peripheral vascular function. The consumption of cocoa or chocolate are beneficial in inhibiting the complex molecular process leading to cancer. Flavanoids in cocoa increases insulin sensitivity by improving endothelial function and reducing oxidative stress. The cocoa flavonoids also penetrate and accumulate in the brain regions involved in learning and memory. The knowledge on bioactive compounds in cocoa and cocoa products suggests that they could be consumed as a part of wholesome, health promoting nutritional food.

scholarly journals The Effect of Population Density and Intercropping with Tomato on the Growth and Yield of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Gerson Hans Maure ◽  
Muhammad Achmad Chozin ◽  
Edi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Almost All

Winged bean (Fabaceae) is a tropical crop that has high nutrient content, and almost all parts of the plant are edible. The research aimed to evaluate the growth and production of winged bean in an intercropping system with tomato. The study was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia, in a randomized block design with three replications during the rainy season of December 2017 to June 2018. Winged beans were planted in high and low population densities and intercropped with three tomato genotypes, “Tora”, F70030081-12-16-3 and “Apel Belgia”. Monoculture winged bean was assigned as control. Tomatoes were planted between the rows of the winged beans in the intercropping treatment. The results showed that the growth of winged bean in monoculture and intercropping systems was not significantly different. The photosynthetic activity of winged bean at three to five weeks after planting remained high, indicating that the vegetative growth was optimal in both systems. Intercropping increased the winged bean number of pods per plant by 12.66-19.52% compared to monoculture, irrespective of population density. Therefore, winged bean could be considered as suitable to grow in intercropping systems.

Fiscal Institutions and Macroeconomic Management in the United Arab Emirates

2019 ◽  
pp. 356-426
Author(s):  
Raimundo Soto
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Fiscal Institutions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
Macroeconomic Management

The UAE has seemingly escaped “the natural resource curse”: it is one of the richest countries in the world and ranks comparatively highly on business environment, infrastructure, and institutional development. Symptoms of the curse can nevertheless be found in the very low growth in labor productivity, massive public sector overemployment, and the inability to counteract instability induced by oil price cycles. This chapter shows that fiscal policy is highly ineffective as a countercyclical tool due to the absence of income and ad-valorem taxes. Stabilizing instruments—such as open-budgeting procedures or fiscal rules—are notoriously absent. Why would a country design its fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies so that they allow for high levels of pro-cyclicality, thereby hampering efficiency and long-run growth? A political economy explanation is developed whereby weak fiscal institutions are an agreed-upon mechanism to secure political stability and transfer oil wealth among emiratis and to future generations.

scholarly journals Recycling of nutrients with application of organic waste in degraded pasture

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane de A. Silva ◽  
Adriana M. da Costa ◽  
Regina M. Q. Lana ◽  
Ângela M. Q. Lana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Degraded Pasture

The utilization of organic wastes represents an alternative to recover degraded pasture. The experiment aimed to assess the changes caused by the provision of different organic waste (poultry litter, turkey litter and pig manure) in a medium-textured Oxisol in Brazilian Savanna under degraded pasture. It was applied different doses of waste compared to the use of mineral fertilizers and organic mineral and evaluated the effect on soil parameters (pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) and leaf of Brachiariadecumbens (crude protein, phosphorus and dry mass production). It was observed that application of organic waste did not increase the level of soil organic matter and pH in the surface layer, and the application of turkey litter caused acidification at depths of 0.20-0.40 m and 0.40-0.60 m. There was an increase in P and K in the soil with the application of poultry litter and swine manure. All organic wastes increased the productivity of dry matter and crude protein and phosphorus. The recycling of nutrients via the application of organic waste allows efficiency of most parameters similar to those observed with the use of mineral sources, contributing to improving the nutritional status of soil-plantsystem.

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