scholarly journals Soil Application of Nano Silica on Maize Yield and Its Insecticidal Activity Against Some Stored Insects After the Post-Harvest

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrez E. El-Naggar ◽  
Nader R. Abdelsalam ◽  
Moustafa M.G. Fouda ◽  
Marwa I. Mackled ◽  
Malik A.M. Al-Jaddadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Rhizopertha Dominica

Maize is considered one of the most imperative cereal crops worldwide. In this work, high throughput silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) were prepared via the sol–gel technique. SiO2-NPs were attained in a powder form followed by full analysis using the advanced tools (UV-vis, HR-TEM, SEM, XRD and zeta potential). To this end, SiO2-NPs were applied as both nanofertilizer and pesticide against four common pests that infect the stored maize and cause severe damage to crops. As for nanofertilizers, the response of maize hybrid to mineral NPK, “Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K)” (0% = untreated, 50% of recommended dose and 100%), with different combinations of SiO2-NPs; (0, 2.5, 5, 10 g/kg soil) was evaluated. Afterward, post-harvest, grains were stored and fumigated with different concentrations of SiO2-NPs (0.0031, 0.0063. 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 5, 10 g/kg) in order to identify LC50 and mortality % of four common insects, namely Sitophilus oryzae, Rhizopertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum, and Orizaephilus surinamenisis. The results revealed that, using the recommended dose of 100%, mineral NPK showed the greatest mean values of plant height, chlorophyll content, yield, its components, and protein (%). By feeding the soil with SiO2-NPs up to 10 g/kg, the best growth and yield enhancement of maize crop is noticed. Mineral NPK interacted with SiO2-NPs, whereas the application of mineral NPK at the rate of 50% with 10 g/kg SiO2-NPs, increased the highest mean values of agronomic characters. Therefore, SiO2-NPs can be applied as a growth promoter, and in the meantime, as strong unconventional pesticides for crops during storage, with a very small and safe dose.

scholarly journals Optical-Sensor-Based Nitrogen Management in Oat for Yield Enhancement

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6955
Author(s):  
Junaid Shah ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Sami Ullah Khan ◽  
Sajjad Khan ◽  
Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Time Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Fodder Yield

The deficiency of nitrogen (N) in soil restricts agricultural productivity and its overdosage pollutes the atmosphere. Nitrogen is a vital component of protein, chlorophyll and various physiological processes. When it is applied at a recommended dose, it may be lost through fixation, leaching, volatilization and denitrification, etc. Therefore, there is a dire need to harmonize the supply of nitrogen according to crop and soil requirements. Under this situation, precision nitrogen management is one of the best options. GreenSeekerTM is an integrated optical sensor with a variable application rate and mapping system that measures crops’ nitrogen requirements. To ascertain the abovementioned facts, a research study was conducted at the National Agriculture Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan, to examine the response of fodder oat to nitrogen management (N0 = control, N1 = 80 kg ha−1 basal dose, N2 = 40 + 40 kg ha−1 split doses, N3 = 40 kg ha−1 with one-time management with GreenSeekerTM and N4 = 20 kg ha−1 with two-time management with GreenSeekerTM) and seed rate (S1 = 80, S2 = 100, S3 = 120 and S4 = 140 kg ha−1). Data were recorded on the agronomic and physiological aspects of the crop and economic analysis was performed for GreenSeekerTM-based N application against the conventional recommended dose of nitrogen application. Mean values showed that greater number of tillers plant−1 (6), fresh weight (16572 kg) and photosynthetic rate (11.64 mmol m−2 s−1) were noted in the treatment N4 (20 kg ha−1 and two-time management with GreenSeekerTM). Greater plant height (70.8 cm) and leaf area (64.14 cm2) were recorded in treatment N2 (40 + 40 kg ha−1 split doses) as compared to the control. The effects of nitrogen on fodder oat were forecasted through NDVI. The results suggested that nitrogen treatment N4 (18 kg ha−1) managed by GreenSeeker in the PARC Oat cultivar produced the maximum NDVI value (0.68) at the booting stage among all treatments. The correlation of NDVI at the tillering and booting stages with green fodder yield was positive (R2 = 0.80). Therefore, the tillering and booting stages can be good depictive stages at early and later growth stages of fodder oat under the agro-climatic conditions of Islamabad, Pakistan. Based on the results, it is recommended to apply an initial dose of 20 kg ha−1 nitrogen along with two-time management with GreenSeekerTM for obtaining more green fodder yield in fodder oat. In Crux, with N1, a total of 80 kg ha−1 nitrogen was applied to achieve an estimated net profitability of USD 582.13. With N4, a total 58 kg ha−1 nitrogen was used to achieve a net profitability of USD 836.16; therefore, this treatment was found to be environmentally safe as compared to N1 (80 kg ha−1).

scholarly journals Effect of IFFCO Nanofertilizer on Growth, Grain Yield and Managing Turcicum Leaf Blight Disease in Maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
K. Ajithkumar ◽  
Yogendra Kumar ◽  
A. S. Savitha ◽  
M. Y. Ajayakumar ◽  
C. Narayanaswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Blight Disease

Nanoscience coupled with nanotechnology emerged as possible cost-cutting approach to prodigal farming and environmental clean-up operations. Hence there is a need for a more innovative fertilizer approach that can increase the productivity of agricultural systems and more environmental friendly than synthetic fertilizers. The trial was laid out in randomized complete block design with 11 treatments in three replications. The field experiment was carried out at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur during Kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020. In this research, we studied the recent development and potential benefits derived from the use of nanofertilizers (NFs) in modern agriculture. Nanofertilizers facilitate slow and steady release of nutrients, thereby reduce the loss of nutrients and enhance the nutrient use efficiency. In the present study, the nanofertilizers such as IFFCO nanonitrogen (nano N), IFFCO nanocopper (nano Cu), IFFCO nanozinc (nano Zn) and IFFCO sagarika were sprayed to the maize crop in different combinations with recommended dose of fertilizers. Among the different combinations of nanofertilizers with recommended dose of fertilizers the treatment T11 [50% N, 100% PK, 0% Zinc + 2 sprays of IFFCO nano N (4ml/l) mixed with IFFCO Sagarika (2 ml/l)] showed significant effect on the growth and yield parameters with maximum yield of 58.90 q/ha and highest B:C of 2.99. Whereas, treatment T10 [50% N, 100% PK, 0% Zinc + 2 sprays of IFFCO nano N (4ml/l) mixed with nano Zn (2 ml/l) and IFFCO nano Cu (2ml/l)] was found superior with regard to management of Turcicum leaf blight disease with minimum of 18.20 per cent severity.

Effect of Integration of Fertilizers and FYM on Productivity and Soil Health of Rainfed Potato

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. YADAV ◽  
A. K. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
T. K. BAG
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers

A field trial was conducted during two consecutive summer seasons of2012 and 2013 at ICAR-Central Potato Research Station, Shillong, Meghalaya to evaluate the integration of nutrient sources on productivity and soil health under rainfed potato cultivation in north eastern hill region of India. There were six treatments of integrated nutrient management viz., 100% Recommended dose of fertilizers,75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers and 25% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through FYM, 50% RDF and 50% RDN through FYM, 25% RDF and 75% RDN through FYM, 100% RDN through FYM and control (no application of any sources of nutrients). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with four replications. Nutrient management practices showed the significant improvement on growth and yield attributes of potato over control plot. Highest productivity of potato tubers (t/ha) was noticed with application of 75% RDF through synthetic fertilizers along with 25% RDN through FYM. Similarly, the maximum net return was associated with application of 75% RDF and 25% RDN through FYM under investigation. Application of 75% Recommended dose of nutrients through synthetic fertilizers in combination with 25% Recommended dose of nitrogen through FYM was more profitable for sustainable production of potato in the north eastern hill region of India.

scholarly journals Growth and yield performance of soybean with the application of Bradyrhyzobium inoculant via furrow and seed

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Santiel Alves Vieira Neto ◽  
Fábio Ribeiro Pires ◽  
João Carlos Madalão ◽  
Douglas Gomes Viana ◽  
Carlos César Evangelista de Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Given the high costs of agricultural production, especially due to the price of fertilisers, particularly nitrogen, the use of inoculants to supply nitrogen to soybean crops is a widely recommended practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying inoculants through seed and planting furrow in soil previously cultivated with soybean and Brazilian native “cerrado” biome soil under greenhouse conditions. Seven treatments were tested: 1) inoculation via seed (inoculant + fungicide + micronutrient), 2) treatment via seed (fungicide + micronutrient), 3) control (only seed), 4) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 (recommended dose), 5) inoculation via furrow-dose 2 (twice the recommended dose), 6) inoculation via furrow-dose 3 (three times the recommended dose) and 7) inoculation via furrow-dose 1 + seed inoculation. We evaluated plant height, fresh and dry matter weight of the aerial part and nodules, number of total, viable and non-viable nodules, number of pods per plant and grain yield. Inoculation was more effective when used in cerrado soil, but soybean performance in treatments without inoculation was higher in previously cultivated soil. Application through furrow proved to be a viable practice due to the similarity of the results obtained with the traditional application by seed.

Effects of early season waterlogging on maize growth and yield

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
WK Mason ◽  
KE Pritchard ◽  
DR Small
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Final Harvest

Five irrigation treatments (0, 2, 6 and 24 h ponding in furrows plus a 6-h flooded treatment) were applied at the first two irrigations after emergence of a maize crop. Water was ponded for 6 h in the furrows or on the flooded plots at each of the 10 subsequent irrigations.The irrigation treatments had a significant effect on plant growth, resulting in final DM yields of 22.3, 19.7, 19.2, 18.7 and 13.9 t/ha for the 0, 2,6, 24 h furrow irrigations and the 6 h flood treatment respectively. The 2, 6 and 24 h furrow treatments did not perform differently in any of the parameters measured, indicating that a threshold level of waterlogging was reached in all three compared with the zero ponding treatment.Nitrogen applications of 25 kg N/ha to the soil or foliage prior to each of the first two irrigations did not reduce the severity of the waterlogging treatments, despite herbage N levels being significantly depressed in the flooded plots. Similarly, soil fungicide application did not mitigate the waterlogging effects.Individual plants within the treatment populations differed greatly in their response to the waterlogging treatments. The effect on individual plants persisted until final harvest. Cultural methods which may prevent the yield losses associated with the first irrigation of maize are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of irrigation, nitrogen levels and methods of fertilizer application on growth, yield and profitability of yard long bean [Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt]

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Anjana ◽  
K.R. Sheela
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Gross Income

A field experiment was conducted during the summer, 2014 at College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala to evaluate the influence of irrigation levels, nitrogen stress and method of application of fertilizers on growth and yield of yard long bean. The experiment consisted of four levels of irrigation, two levels of nitrogen and two methods of application. The results indicated that daily irrigation at 10 mm depth and recommended dose of nitrogen (30 kg ha-1) recorded superior values for growth parameters viz., functional leaves per plant and leaf area index The major yield attributes like number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant and total pod yield were not influenced by levels of irrigation and nitrogen indicating that irrigation once in three days at 20 mm depth and nitrogen level of 22.5 kg ha-1 is sufficient for yard long bean. Soil and foliar application of nitrogen and potassium recorded superior growth characters, however, the yield was superior when the recommended dose of nutrients were supplied as soil application. Increasing irrigation interval to three days and imparting N stress did not result in any reduction in gross income and net income while, a higher benefit: cost ratio was noted in irrigation at wider intervals. Soil application of nutrients recorded higher gross income, net income and BCR compared to soil + foliar application.

scholarly journals Effects ofTrichodermaseedling treatment with System of Rice Intensification management and with conventional management of transplanted rice

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e5877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram B. Khadka ◽  
Norman Uphoff
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Rice Intensification

Many benefits ofTrichodermainoculation for improving crop production have been documented, including growth and yield enhancement and the alleviation of biotic and abiotic stresses. However, because rice is usually cultivated under continuous flooding that creates anaerobic soil conditions, this limits the benefits of these beneficial fungi. Cultivating rice with the methods of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) provides rice plants with a more favorable environment for their colonization by beneficial microbes in the soil because the soil is more aerobic under SRI management and contains more organic matter. This study evaluated the effects ofTrichodermainoculation of rice plants under SRI management compared with transplanted and flooded rice plants, considering also the effects of different means of fertilization and different varieties in rice. Experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 under the tropical climate of Nepal’s western terai (plains) during both the rainy season (July to November) and the dry season (March to July). The results indicated significantly better performance (P = 0.01) associated withTrichodermainoculation for both seasons and for both systems of crop management in terms of grain yield and other growth-contributing factors, compared to non-inoculated rice cropping. Relatively higher effects on grain yield were recorded also with organic compared to inorganic fertilization; for unimproved (heirloom) varieties compared with improved varieties; and from SRI vs. conventional flooded crop management. The yield increase withTrichodermatreatments across all trials was 31% higher than in untreated plots (4.9 vs 4.5 mt ha−1). WithTrichodermatreatment, yields compared with non-treated plots were 24% higher with organic SRI (6.38 vs 5.13 mt ha−1) and 52% higher with non-organic SRI (6.38 vs 3.53 mt ha−1). With regard to varietal differences, under SRI managementTrichodermainoculation of the improved variety Sukhadhan-3 led to 26% higher yield (6.35 vs 5.04 mt ha−1), and with the heirloom variety Tilkidhan, yield was 41% higher (6.29 vs 4.45 mt ha−1). Economic analysis indicated that expanding the organic cultivation of local landraces under SRI management should be profitable for farmers where such rice has a good market price due to its premium quality and high demand and when SRI enhances yield. These varieties’ present low yields can be significantly increased by integratingTrichodermabio-inoculation with SRI cultural methods. Other recent research has shown that such inoculation can be managed profitably by farmers themselves.

Growth and Yield of CO2-Enriched Wheat Under Water-Limited Conditions

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Four Levels

Wheat was grown at a density of 120 plants m-2 in deep pots of soil in two artificially illuminated growth cabinets. One cabinet was left at ambient CO2 levels and the other enriched by 250 volumes per million (vpm). Four levels of growth-restricting water supply were imposed. Responses by the two cultivars used (Gabo and WW15) did not differ appreciably in terms of the mature crop dry-weight parameters examined. Comparison of the crop responses to water supply indicated sufficient correspondence between generalized field behaviour and cabinet behaviour to justify tentative interpretation of the results in terms of possible response of water-limited field wheat crop yields to the globally rising level of atmospheric CO2. The less water made available to the crop the less was the absolute response of grain yield to CO2 enrichment, but the greater was the response relative to the control yield. Under extreme aridity (about 100-120 mm crop transpiration overall), the data implied infinite relative enhancement of yield due to CO2 enrichment, because it allowed some grain growth where none occurred without extra CO2. The absolute yield enhancement was equivalent to 5-13 kg ha-1 per 1.2 vpm increment of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The level of CO2 in the global atmosphere is currently rising by about 1.2 vpm year-1. The higher temperature at which the crops were grown (19°C), relative to average field conditions in many wheat areas, may influence this interpretation.

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