scholarly journals In Vivo Study of Entero- and Hepatotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized with Benzyldimethyl-[3-myristoylamine)-propyl]ammonium Chloride (Miramistin) to CBF1 Mice upon Enteral Administration

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Yurii A. Krutyakov ◽  
Alexey A. Kudrinskiy ◽  
Vladimir A. Kuzmin ◽  
Jaeho Pyee ◽  
Alexander A. Gusev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Enteral Administration

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most widely studied antimicrobial nanomaterials. However, their use in biomedicine is currently limited due to the availability of data that prove the nanosilver toxicity associated primarily with oxidative stress development in mammalian cells. The surface modification of AgNPs is a potent technique of improvement of their biocompatibility. The synthetic or natural compounds that combine zero or low toxicity towards human and animal organisms with inherent antimicrobial properties are the most promising stabilizing agents, their use would also minimize the risks of microorganisms developing resistance to silver-based materials. We used a simple technique to obtain 30–60 nm AgNPs stabilized with benzyldimethyl[3-myristoylamine)-propyl]ammonium chloride monohydrate (BAC)—a well-known active ingredient of many antibacterial drugs. The objective of the study was to assess the AgNPs-BAC entero- and hepatotoxicity to CBF1 mice upon enteral administration. The animals were exposed to 0.8–7.5 mg/kg doses of AgNPs-BAC in the acute and to 0.05–2.25 mg/kg doses of AgNPs-BAC in the subacute experiments. No significant entero- and hepatotoxic effects following a single exposure to doses smaller than 4 mg/kg were detected. Repeated exposure to the doses of AgNPs-BAC below 0.45 mg/kg and to the doses of BAC below 0.5 mg/kg upon enteral administration also led to no adverse effects. During the acute experiment, the higher AgNPs-BAC dose resulted in increased quantities of aminotransferases and urea, as well as the albumin-globulin ratio shift, which are indicative of inflammatory processes. Besides, the relative mass of the liver of mice was smaller compared to the control. During the subacute experiment, the groups treated with the 0.25–2.25 mg/kg dose of AgNPs-BAC had a lower weight gain rate compared to the control, while the groups treated with the 2.25 mg/kg dose of AgNPs-BAC showed statistically significant variations in the blood serum transaminases activity, which indicated hepatosis. It should be noted that the spleen and liver of the animals from the groups treated with the 0.45 and 2.25 mg/kg dose of AgNPs-BAC were more than two times smaller compared to the control. In the intestines of some animals from the group treated with the 2.25 mg/kg dose of AgNPs-BAC small areas of hyperemia and enlarged Peyer’s patches were observed. Histological examination confirmed the initial stages of the liver and intestinal wall inflammation.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Via Activation of PAD and Neutrophil Elastase

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
HanGoo Kang ◽  
Jinwon Seo ◽  
Eun-Jeong Yang ◽  
In-Hong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Neutrophil Elastase ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Key Factor

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in various fields because of their antimicrobial properties. However, many studies have reported that AgNPs can be harmful to both microorganisms and humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a key factor of cytotoxicity of AgNPs in mammalian cells and an important factor in the immune reaction of neutrophils. The immune reactions of neutrophils include the expulsion of webs of DNA surrounded by histones and granular proteins. These webs of DNA are termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs allow neutrophils to catch and destroy pathogens in extracellular spaces. In this study, we investigated how AgNPs stimulate neutrophils, specifically focusing on NETs. Freshly isolated human neutrophils were treated with 5 or 100 nm AgNPs. The 5 nm AgNPs induced NET formation, but the 100 nm AgNPs did not. Subsequently, we investigated the mechanism of AgNP-induced NETs using known inhibitors related to NET formation. AgNP-induced NETs were dependent on ROS, peptidyl arginine deiminase, and neutrophil elastase. The result in this study indicates that treatment of 5 nm AgNPs induce NET formation through histone citrullination by peptidyl arginine deiminase and histone cleavage by neutrophil elastase.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Chemoattractant Activity, Lipopolysaccharide Neutralization, Cytotoxicity, and Inhibition by Serum of Analogs of Human Cathelicidin LL-37

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 2845-2850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina D. Ciornei ◽  
Thorgerdur Sigurdardóttir ◽  
Artur Schmidtchen ◽  
Mikael Bodelsson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Hydrophobic Amino Acids ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial peptides have been evaluated in vitro and in vivo as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Apart from being antimicrobial, the native human cathelicidin-derived peptide LL-37 (amino acids [aa] 104 to 140 of the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) also binds and neutralizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and might therefore have beneficial effects in the treatment of septic shock. However, clinical trials have been hampered by indications of toxic effects of LL-37 on mammalian cells and evidence that its antimicrobial effects are inhibited by serum. For the present study, LL-37 was compared to two less hydrophobic fragments obtained by N-terminal truncation, named 106 (aa 106 to 140) and 110 (aa 110 to 140), and to a previously described more hydrophobic variant, the 18-mer LLKKK, concerning antimicrobial properties, lipopolysaccharide neutralization, toxicity against human erythrocytes and cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, chemotactic activity, and inhibition by serum. LL-37, fragments 106 and 110, and the 18-mer LLKKK inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans in a radial diffusion assay, inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular nitric oxide production, and attracted neutrophil granulocytes similarly. While fragments 106 and 110 caused less hemolysis and DNA fragmentation in cultured cells than did LL-37, the 18-mer LLKKK induced severe hemolysis. The antibacterial effect of fragments 106 and 110 was not affected by serum, while the effect of LL-37 was reduced. We concluded that the removal of N-terminal hydrophobic amino acids from LL-37 decreases its cytotoxicity as well as its inhibition by serum without negatively affecting its antimicrobial or LPS-neutralizing action. Such LL-37-derived peptides may thus be beneficial for the treatment of patients with sepsis.

scholarly journals Silver Nanoparticles in Alveolar Bone Surgery Devices

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Sivolella ◽  
Edoardo Stellini ◽  
Giulia Brunello ◽  
Chiara Gardin ◽  
Letizia Ferroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Augmentation Techniques ◽  
Dental Implant Surgery

Silver (Ag) ions have well-known antimicrobial properties and have been applied as nanostrategies in many medical and surgical fields, including dentistry. The use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) may be an option for reducing bacterial adhesion to dental implant surfaces and preventing biofilm formation, containing the risk of peri-implant infections. Modifying the structure or surface of bone grafts and membranes with Ag NPs may also prevent the risk of contamination and infection that are common when alveolar bone augmentation techniques are used. On the other hand, Ag NPs have revealed some toxic effects on cellsin vitroandin vivoin animal studies. In this setting, the aim of the present paper is to summarize the principle behind Ag NP-based devices and their clinical applications in alveolar bone and dental implant surgery.

scholarly journals Role of Green Route Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in Medicinal Applications with Special Reference to Cancer Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rizwana Begum ◽  
D. Muralidhara Rao ◽  
P. Dinesh Sankar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Green Route

Nanotechnology is a blazing field for the researchers in modern branch of science along with engineering have lot of applications. Nanotechnology is an imminent field with new outlet to fight and prevent many diseases using nanoparticles. Among the most promising materials Silver nanoparticles are having antimicrobial properties which are synthesized from medicinal plant and acts against chronic diseases. Silver nanoparticles synthesized from medicinal plants have lot of applications and eco-friendly, cost effective in nature. The present review article mainly focuses on biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles from medicinal plants and its role on cancer cells. Cancer is one of the most difficult health issues on globe. Although number of treatments may include radiation, chemotherapy and surgery, but these procedures not only targets tumor tissue but also normal healthy tissue. In recent years silver nanoparticles are considered as promising tool for cancer therapy. A numerous studies both in-vitro and in-vivo suggested that sliver nanoparticles can be used as cytotoxic and genotoxic agent due to their apoptotic inducing and anti-proliferative properties. However there is need to overlook the mechanism regarding the anti-cancerous activity. A silver nanoparticle deploys in every field of engineering science and medical sciences are still attracting to explore new scope of nanobiotechnology attributed with smaller size particles.

scholarly journals Preparation of antibacterial polypropylene grafted acrylic acid and immobilized silver nanoparticles by γ-irradiation method

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-704
Author(s):  
Dang Hoang Viet ◽  
Duong Hoa Xo ◽  
Le Quang Luan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Γ Rays

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are now being widely used as antibacterial agents due to their strong bactericidal properties and low toxicity on mammalian cells. In this study, γ-rays irradiation method was used to synthesize AgNPs from silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution and to graft acrylic acid (AAc) onto porous polypropylene (PP). Porous PP grafted with AAc (PP-g-AAc) was then immobilized with AgNPs for preparing the antimicrobial materials (PP-g-AAc/AgNPs). The results demonstrated that the grafting yield of AAc onto PP increased by the increasing of irradiation dose as well as AAc concentration. The PP-g-AAc samples with grafting degrees from 1.2 to 29.8% were immobilized with AgNPs (d ~ 10 nm, 500 ppm) to obtain antimicrobial properties. The immobilized Ag contents were from 132 to 392 ppm and corresponded to the PP-g-AAc samples at grafting degrees from 1.2 to 29.8%. The in vitro antibacterial properties of PP-g-AAc/AgNPs materials on E. coli were evaluated and the results indicated that the bactericidal efficiency (η) increased by the increase of Ag contents in the tested materials. The germicidal activities against E. coli of PP-g-AAc/AgNPs containing 363 ppm Ag were found to be nearly 100% after treating in 30 min. In addition, the inhibition zone of this PP-g-AAc/AgNPs on E. coli was also found up to 28 mm in diameter. Thus, γ-rays radiation demonstrated a strong capability in grafting functional groups (AAc) onto porous PP. Furthermore, the porous PP grafted with AAc and immobilized with AgNPs might potentially be used for elimination of bacteria in water filtering.

scholarly journals Preparation of serum capped silver nanoparticles for selective killing of microbial cells sparing host cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Parveen ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Maiti ◽  
Nabendu Murmu ◽  
Alokmay Datta
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Human Liver Cell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stress Dependent

AbstractFollowing access into the cell, colloidal silver nanoparticles exhibit generalized cytotoxic properties, thus appear as omnipotent microbicidal, but not suitable for systemic use unless are free of toxic effects on host cells. The AgNP-Serum-18 when prepared from silver nitrate, using dextrose as reducing and group-matched homologous serum as a stabilizing agent, selective endocytosis, and oxidative stress-dependent bio-functional damages to the host are mostly eliminated. For their bio-mimicking outer coat, there is the least possibility of internalization into host cells or liberation of excess oxidants in circulation following interaction with erythrocytes or vascular endothelial cells. The presence of infection-specific antibodies in the serum can make such nano-conjugates more selective. A potent antimicrobial action and a wide margin of safety for mammalian cells in comparison with very similar PVA-capped silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated by the in-vitro challenge of such nanoparticles on different microbes, human liver cell-line, and in-vivo study on mice model. This may open up wide-range therapeutic prospects of colloidal nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Preparation of Serum Capped Silver Nanoparticles for Selective Killing of Microbial Cells Sparing Host Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Parveen ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Maiti ◽  
Nabendu Murmu ◽  
Alokmay Datta
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Human Liver Cell ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Stress Dependent

Abstract Following access into cell, colloidal silver nanoparticles exhibit generalized cytotoxic properties, thus appear as omnipotent microbicidal, but not suitable for systemic use unless are free of toxic effects on host cells. The serum capped silver nanoparticles when prepared from silver nitrate, using dextrose as reducing and group-matched homologous serum as a stabilizing agent, selective endocytosis and oxidative stress dependent bio-functional damages to the host are mostly eliminated. For their bio-mimicking outer coat, there is least possibility of internalization into host-cells or liberation of excess oxidants in circulation following interaction with erythrocytes or vascμμμar endothelial cells. Presence of infection specific antibody in the serum can make such nano-conjugates more selective. A potent antimicrobial action and a wide margin of safety for mammalian cells in comparison with very similar PVA-capped silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated by in-vitro challenge of such nanoparticles on different microbes, human liver cell-line, and in-vivo study on mice model. This may open-up wide-range therapeutic prospects of colloidal nanoparticles.

Microtubules, mitochondria, and molecular chaperones: a new hypothesis for in vivo assembly of microtubules

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1352-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhey S. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Molecular Chaperone ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Antimitotic Drugs

In Chinese hamster ovary cells, a number of independent mutants selected for resistance to antimitotic drugs have been found to be specifically altered in two major cellular proteins, designated P1 (relative mass (Mr) ≈ 60–63 kilodaltons (kDa)) and P2 (Mr ≈ 69–70 kDa), which appeared microtubule related by a number of genetic and biochemical criteria. Antibodies to P1 have been found to bind specifically to mitochondria that showed specific association with microtubules in interphase cells. Biochemical and cDNA sequence studies on P1 showed that this protein, which is localized in the matrix compartment, is the mammalian homolog of the highly conserved chaperonin family of proteins (other members include the GroEL protein of Escherichia coli, the 60-kDa heat-shock protein of yeast, and the rubisco subunit binding protein of plant chloroplasts). The chaperonin proteins in various systems play a transient but essential molecular chaperone role in the proper folding of polypeptide chains and their assembly into oligomeric protein complexes. Our studies on P2 protein established that it corresponds to the constitutive form of the major 70-kDa heat-shock protein of mammalian cells (i.e., hsc70), which also acts as a molecular chaperone in the intracellular transport of nascent proteins to organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. To account for the above, as well as a number of other observations (e.g., binding of fluorescent-labeled antimitotic drugs to mitochondria, association of tubulin with mitochondria as well as other membranes, and high affinity binding of antimitotic drugs to free tubulin but not to assembled microtubules), a new model for the in vivo assembly of interphase microtubules is proposed. The model ascribes a central role to the mitochondrially localized chaperonin (i.e., P1) protein in the intracellular formation of tubulin dimers and in their addition to the growth sites in microtubules. The proposed model also explains a number of other observations related to microtubule assembly in the literature.Key words: microtubule assembly, mitochondria, molecular chaperones, heat-shock proteins, antimitotic drugs.

A Simple Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles on Cellulose Paper for Antimicrobial Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 990 ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Windri Handayani ◽  
Arie Listyarini ◽  
Yasman ◽  
Cuk Imawan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reduction Temperature ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Cellulose Paper ◽  
Shape And Size

Silver nanoparticles are well known for their antimicrobial properties and have been widely used in medical and industrial applications to prevent the growth of microorganisms. The effectiveness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as an antimicrobial material is influenced by their shape and size; the smaller the size, the more active the AgNPs. To prevent aggregation, the nanoparticles can be maintained by stabilizing agents. This study aims to synthesize silver nanoparticles in situ using cellulose paper and to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. For reduction of Ag+ ions were used propane-1,2-diol. The reduction was carried out at 60, 80, and 100o C to accelerate the reaction. The formation of silver nanoparticles can be seen from the change in paper color from white to yellow or brown. This result is confirmed by the occurrence of the absorption peak in the UV-Vis spectrum between 300-500 nm. The TEM image shows the size distribution of silver nanoparticles affected by their reduction temperature. Antimicrobial tests provide a clear zone from the bottom of the paper to the edge. The reaction temperature at 60o C showed the best antimicrobial activity with AgNPs averaging at 6 nm. This method can be applied to antimicrobial paper preparation with controlled size and distribution.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Lepidium sativum L. Facilitated Silver Nanoparticles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1352
Author(s):  
Samir Haj Bloukh ◽  
Zehra Edis ◽  
Hamid Abu Sara ◽  
Mustafa Ameen Alhamaidah
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Antibiotic resistance toward commonly used medicinal drugs is a dangerously growing threat to our existence. Plants are naturally equipped with a spectrum of biomolecules and metabolites with important biological activities. These natural compounds constitute a treasure in the fight against multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The development of plant-based antimicrobials through green synthesis may deliver alternatives to common drugs. Lepidium sativum L. (LS) is widely available throughout the world as a fast-growing herb known as garden cress. LS seed oil is interesting due to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Nanotechnology offers a plethora of applications in the health sector. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are used due to their antimicrobial properties. We combined LS and AgNP to prevent microbial resistance through plant-based synergistic mechanisms within the nanomaterial. AgNP were prepared by a facile one-pot synthesis through plant-biomolecules-induced reduction of silver nitrate via a green method. The phytochemicals in the aqueous LS extract act as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents of AgNP. The composition of the LS-AgNP biohybrids was confirmed by analytical methods. Antimicrobial testing against 10 reference strains of pathogens exhibited excellent to intermediate antimicrobial activity. The bio-nanohybrid LS-AgNP has potential uses as a broad-spectrum microbicide, disinfectant, and wound care product.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document