Self-Powered Acceleration Sensor Based on Multilayer Suspension Structure and TPU-RTV Film for Vibration Monitoring

In this paper, we designed a triboelectric acceleration sensor with excellent multiple parameters. To more easily detect weak vibrations, the sensor was founded on a multilayer suspension structure. To effectively improve the electrical properties of the sensor, a surface roughening and internal doping friction film, which was refined with a room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber (RTV) and some thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) powder in a certain proportion, was integrated into the structure. It was found that the optimization of the RTV film increases the open circuit voltage and short circuit current of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by 223% and 227%, respectively. When the external vibration acceleration is less than 4 m/s2, the sensitivity and linearity are 1.996 V/(m/s2) and 0.999, respectively. Additionally, when it is in the range between 4 m/s2 and 15 m/s2, those are 23.082 V/(m/s2) and 0.975, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor was placed in a simulated truck vibration environment, and its self-powered monitoring ability validated by experiments in real time. The results show that the designed sensor has strong practical value in the field of monitoring mechanical vibration acceleration.

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Ag Nanowires Single Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Its Angle Sensors

Energy Harvesting and Systems ◽

10.1515/ehs-2015-0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lu Cheng ◽

Yi Xi ◽

Chenguo Hu ◽

Xule Yue ◽

Guo Wang

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Application ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Mobile Object ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Ag Nanowires ◽

Self Powered ◽

New Applications

AbstractAs we known, nanogenerator (NG) can be used in many fields, such as sensors, energy harvesting, biomedical application, and so on. Sometimes, the object that is a part of NG cannot be electrically connected to the load because it is a mobile object. To harvest energy from such a case and reduce the fabrication cost and achieve some new applications such as touch screen products, we need to find new method to fabricate NG. To attain the higher output current and output power, moreover, here we report a flexible and easy fabricated single electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silver (Ag) nanowires (NWs). Due to Ag NWs high specific surface area, the electrical conductivity of Ag NWs is better than the block of Ag, and PDMS is the transparent and flexible. The single electrode TENG not only can harvest energy from environment but also is a self-powered sensor for detecting acceleration from different angles. This TENG can attain an open-circuit voltage up to 330 V, a maximum short-circuit current of 15.5 μ A (2.6 μ A/cm

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A Stretchable, Self-Healable Triboelectric Nanogenerator as Electronic Skin for Energy Harvesting and Tactile Sensing

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14071689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1689

Author(s):

Xi Han ◽

Dongjie Jiang ◽

Xuecheng Qu ◽

Yuan Bai ◽

Yu Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Material Selection ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Red Light ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Tactile Sensing ◽

Electronic Skin ◽

Self Powered

Electronic skin that is deformable, self-healable, and self-powered has high competitiveness for next-generation energy/sense/robotic applications. Herein, we fabricated a stretchable, self-healable triboelectric nanogenerator (SH-TENG) as electronic skin for energy harvesting and tactile sensing. The elongation of SH-TENG can achieve 800% (uniaxial strain) and the SH-TENG can self-heal within 2.5 min. The SH-TENG is based on the single-electrode mode, which is constructed from ion hydrogels with an area of 2 cm × 3 cm, the output of short-circuit transferred charge (Qsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), and short-circuit current (Isc) reaches ~6 nC, ~22 V, and ~400 nA, and the corresponding output power density is ~2.9 μW × cm−2 when the matching resistance was ~140 MΩ. As a biomechanical energy harvesting device, the SH-TENG also can drive red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) bulbs. Meanwhile, SH-TENG has shown good sensitivity to low-frequency human touch and can be used as an artificial electronic skin for touch/pressure sensing. This work provides a suitable candidate for the material selection of the hydrogel-based self-powered electronic skin.

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Omnidirectional Triboelectric Nanogenerator Operated by Weak Wind towards a Self-Powered Anemoscope

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11040414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 414 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nay Yee Win Zaw ◽

Hyeonhee Roh ◽

Inkyum Kim ◽

Tae Sik Goh ◽

Daewon Kim

Keyword(s):

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Static Friction ◽

Load Resistance ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Wind Pressure ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Large Space ◽

Self Powered ◽

Weak Wind

Wind is a great sustainable energy source for harvesting due to its abundant characteristic. Typically, large space, loud noise, and heavy equipment are essential for a general wind power plant and it is solely operated by big-scale wind. However, wind energy can be efficiently harvested by utilizing the triboelectric nanogenerator due to its abundance, ubiquity, and environmentally friendliness. Furthermore, a few previously reported wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerators, which have the bulk fluttering layer by wind, still show difficulty in generating electricity under the conditions of weak wind because of the static friction arisen from the inherent structure. In this case, the output performance is deteriorated as well as the generator cannot operate completely. In this work, a wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (wind-TENG) based on the fluttering of the PTFE strips is proposed to solve the aforementioned problems. At the minimum operating wind pressure of 0.05 MPa, this wind-driven TENG delivers the open-circuit voltage of 3.5 V, short-circuit current of 300 nA, and the associated output power density of 0.64 mW/m2 at the external load resistance of 5 MΩ. Such conditions can be used to light up seven LEDs. Moreover, this wind-TENG has been utilized as a direction sensor which can sense the direction at which the wind is applied. This work thus provides the potential application of the wind-TENG as both self-driven electronics and a self-powered sensor system for detecting the direction under environmental wind.

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A Self-Powered Nanogenerator for the Electrical Protection of Integrated Circuits from Trace Amounts of Liquid

Nano-Micro Letters ◽

10.1007/s40820-019-0338-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zhuang Hui ◽

Ming Xiao ◽

Daozhi Shen ◽

Jiayun Feng ◽

Peng Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Circuits ◽

High Performance ◽

Printed Circuit Board ◽

Short Circuit ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Fast Response ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Circuit Board ◽

Self Powered

Abstract With the increase in the use of electronic devices in many different environments, a need has arisen for an easily implemented method for the rapid, sensitive detection of liquids in the vicinity of electronic components. In this work, a high-performance power generator that combines carbon nanoparticles and TiO2 nanowires has been fabricated by sequential electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of a single generator are found to exceed 0.7 V and 100 μA when 6 μL of water was applied. The generator is also found to have a stable and reproducible response to other liquids. An output voltage of 0.3 V was obtained after 244, 876, 931, and 184 μs, on exposure of the generator to 6 μL of water, ethanol, acetone, and methanol, respectively. The fast response time and high sensitivity to liquids show that the device has great potential for the detection of small quantities of liquid. In addition, the simple easily implemented sequential EPD method ensures the high mechanical strength of the device. This compact, reliable device provides a new method for the sensitive, rapid detection of extraneous liquids before they can impact the performance of electronic circuits, particularly those on printed circuit board.

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Fluttering Amplitude Amplification by Utilizing Flapping Moment in Flutter-Driven Triboelectric Nanogenerator

ASME 2021 15th International Conference on Energy Sustainability ◽

10.1115/es2021-62501 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Zhang ◽

Ka Chung Chan ◽

Sau Chung Fu ◽

Christopher Yu Hang Chao

Keyword(s):

Flow Velocity ◽

High Speed ◽

Aerodynamic Force ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Energy Output ◽

Small Scale ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Peak Value

Abstract Flutter-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (FTENG) is one of the most promising methods to harvest small-scale wind energy. Wind causes self-fluttering motion of a flag in the FTENG to generate electricity by contact electrification. A lot of studies have been conducted to enhance the energy output by increasing the surface charge density of the flag, but only a few researches tried to increase the converting efficiency by enlarging the flapping motion. In this study, we show that by simply replacing the rigid flagpole in the FTENG with a flexible flagpole, the energy conversion efficiency is augmented and the energy output is enhanced. It is found that when the flag flutters, the flagpole also undergoes aerodynamic force. The lift force generated from the fluttering flag applies a periodic rotational moment on the flagpole, and causes the flagpole to vibrate. The vibration of the flagpole, in turn amplifies the flutter of the flag. Both the fluttering dynamics of the flags with rigid and flexible flagpoles have been recorded by a high-speed camera. When the flag was held by a flexible flagpole, the fluttering amplitude and the contact area between the flag and electrode plates were increased. The energy enhancement increased as the flow velocity increased and the enhancement can be 113 times when the wind velocity is 10 m/s. The thickness of the flagpole was investigated. An optimal output of open-circuit voltage reaching 1128 V (peak-to-peak value) or 312.40 V (RMS value), and short-circuit current reaching 127.67 μA (peak-to-peak value) or 31.99 μA (RMS value) at 12.21 m/s flow velocity was achieved. This research presents a simple design to enhance the output performance of an FTENG by amplifying the fluttering amplitude. Based on the performance obtained in this study, the improved FTENG has the potential to apply in a smart city for driving electronic devices as a power source for IoT applications.

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Improve the Performance of Mechanoelectrical Transduction of Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites Based on Ordered Nafion Nanofibres by Electrospinning

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym10070803 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 803 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yang Zhao ◽

Jiazheng Sheng ◽

Di Xu ◽

Minzhong Gao ◽

Qinglong Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Load Resistance ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Metal Composite ◽

Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ◽

Ionic Polymer ◽

Mechanoelectrical Transduction ◽

Polymer Metal ◽

Self Powered

An ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) is a kind of soft material. The applications of IPMC in actuators, environmental sensing, and energy harvesting are currently increasing rapidly. In this study, an ordered Nafion nanofibre mat prepared by electrospinning was used to investigate the characteristics of the mechanoelectrical transduction of IPMC. The morphologies of the Nafion nanofibre mat were characterized. The proton conductivity, ion exchange capacities, and water uptake potential of the Nafion nanofibre mat were compared to traditional IPMC, respectively. A novel mechanism of Nafion nanofibre IPMC was designed and the open circuit voltage and short circuit current were measured. The maximum voltage value reached 100 mv. The output power was 3.63 nw and the power density was up to 42.4 μW/Kg under the load resistance. The Nafion nanofibre mat demonstrates excellent mechanoelectrcical transduction behavior compared to traditional IPMC and could be used for the development of self-powered devices in the future.

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Self-Powered Acceleration Sensor Based on Liquid Metal Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Vibration Monitoring

ACS Nano ◽

10.1021/acsnano.7b03818 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 7440-7446 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

Binbin Zhang ◽

Lei Zhang ◽

Weili Deng ◽

Long Jin ◽

Fengjun Chun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Metal ◽

Vibration Monitoring ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Acceleration Sensor ◽

Self Powered

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Cost-Effective Copper–Nickel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Corrosion-Resistant and High-Output Self-Powered Wearable Electronic Systems

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9050700 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 700 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kequan Xia ◽

Zhiwei Xu ◽

Zhiyuan Zhu ◽

Hongze Zhang ◽

Yong Nie

Keyword(s):

Nickel Alloy ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Body Movement ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Corrosion Resistant ◽

Copper Nickel ◽

Self Powered ◽

Copper Nickel Alloy

Recent years, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted increased attention from researchers worldwide. Owing to their conductivity and triboelectric characteristics, metal materials can be made as both triboelectric materials and conductive electrodes. However, the surface of typical metals (such as copper, aluminum, and iron) is likely to be corroded when the sweat generated by human-body movement drops on the surface of TENGs, as this corrosion is detrimental to the output performance of TENGs. In this work, we proposed a novel corrosion-resistant copper–nickel based TENG (CN-TENG). Copper–nickel alloy conductive tape and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape played the role of the triboelectric materials, and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was utilized as the supporting part. The conductive copper–nickel alloy tape also served as a conductive electrode. The open-circuit voltage (VOC) and short-circuit current (ISC) can arrive at 196.8 V and 6 μA, respectively. Furthermore, peak power density values of 45 μW/cm2 were realized for the CN-TENG. A series of experiments confirmed its corrosion-resistant property. The approximate value of VOC for the fabricated TENG integrated into the shoe reached 1500 V, which is capable of driving at least 172 high-power LEDs in series. The results of this research provide a workable method for supporting corrosion-resistant self-powered wearable electronics.

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Spiral Steel Wire Based Fiber-Shaped Stretchable and Tailorable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Wearable Power Source and Active Gesture Sensor

Nano-Micro Letters ◽

10.1007/s40820-019-0271-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Lingjie Xie ◽

Xiaoping Chen ◽

Zhen Wen ◽

Yanqin Yang ◽

Jihong Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electronic Device ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Steel Wire ◽

Average Power ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Human Motion ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Single Finger ◽

Wearable Electronic Device

Abstract Continuous deforming always leads to the performance degradation of a flexible triboelectric nanogenerator due to the Young’s modulus mismatch of different functional layers. In this work, we fabricated a fiber-shaped stretchable and tailorable triboelectric nanogenerator (FST–TENG) based on the geometric construction of a steel wire as electrode and ingenious selection of silicone rubber as triboelectric layer. Owing to the great robustness and continuous conductivity, the FST–TENGs demonstrate high stability, stretchability, and even tailorability. For a single device with ~ 6 cm in length and ~ 3 mm in diameter, the open-circuit voltage of ~ 59.7 V, transferred charge of ~ 23.7 nC, short-circuit current of ~ 2.67 μA and average power of ~ 2.13 μW can be obtained at 2.5 Hz. By knitting several FST–TENGs to be a fabric or a bracelet, it enables to harvest human motion energy and then to drive a wearable electronic device. Finally, it can also be woven on dorsum of glove to monitor the movements of gesture, which can recognize every single finger, different bending angle, and numbers of bent finger by analyzing voltage signals.

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Textile Manufacturing Compatible Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Alternating Positive and Negative Freestanding Grating Structure

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019032023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Watcharapong Paosangthong ◽

Mahmoud Wagih ◽

Russel Torah ◽

Steve Beeby

Keyword(s):

Short Circuit ◽

Dissimilar Materials ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Induction Effect ◽

Night Time ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Textile Manufacturing ◽

Wireless Transmitter

This paper demonstrates a novel design of textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which is compatible with standard textile manufacturing. The device can convert kinetic energy occurring during frictional contact between two dissimilar materials into electricity based on contact electrification and the electrostatic induction effect. The TENG can generate an RMS open-circuit voltage of 136 V, an RMS short-circuit current of 2.68 µA and a maximum RMS power of 125 µW (38.8 mW/m2). To demonstrate practical applications, the TENG was embedded into a lab coat. The energy is generated from the relative movement between the arm and torso. Its output was used to drive a digital watch, a wearable night-time warning indicator for pedestrians, a wireless transmitter and a pedometer.

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