scholarly journals Prospective Analysis of Vegetable Amount and Variety on the Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality among US Adults, 1999–2011

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zach Conrad ◽  
Jessica Thomson ◽  
Lisa Jahns
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020 (DGA) provides recommendations for consuming a specific amount and variety of vegetables, but no studies have assessed the relationship between DGA-recommended vegetable variety and risk of mortality. We prospectively assessed the relationship between vegetable amount and variety and the risk of mortality using nationally-representative survey data (n = 29,133). Hazard ratios were estimated using survey-weighted, multivariate, Cox-proportional hazards models. Mean follow-up time was 6.5 years (12.8 years maximum). Total deaths from all causes were 2861, which included 829 deaths from cardiometabolic disease (556 coronary heart disease, 170 stroke, and 103 diabetes). Compared to individuals who reported consuming the greatest amount of vegetables daily, those with the least intake had a 78% greater risk of mortality from all causes (HR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.29–2.47), a 68% greater risk of death from cardiovascular disease (1.68, 1.08–2.62), and an 80% greater risk of death from coronary heart disease (1.80, 1.09–2.08). No relationships were observed between vegetable variety and risk of all-cause or cause-specific mortality. Greater vegetable amount, but not variety, was associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease. Additional large-scale longitudinal studies with repeated measures of dietary exposure are needed.

Mortality and associated risk factors in diabetics

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S21-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Jarrett ◽  
M. J. Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Summary. In 168 male diabetics aged 40-64 years participating in the Whitehall Study, ten-year age adjusted mortality rates were significantly higher than in non-diabetics for all causes, coronary heart disease, all cardiovascular disease and, in addition, causes other than cardiovascular. Mortality rates were not significantly related to known duration of the diabetes. The predictive effects of several major mortality risk factors were similar in diabetics and non-diabetics. Excess mortality rates in the diabetics could not be attributed to differences in levels of blood pressure or any other of the major risk factors measured. Key words: diabetics; mortality rates; risk factors; coronary heart disease. There are many studies documenting higher mortality rates - particularly from cardiovascular disease -in diabetics compared with age and sex matched diabetics from the same population (see Jarrett et al. (1982) for review). However, there is sparse information relating potential risk factors to subsequent mortality within a diabetic population, information which might help to explain the increased mortality risk and also suggest preventive therapeutic approaches. In the Whitehall Study, a number of established diabetics participated in the screening programme and data on mortality rates up to ten years after screening are available. We present here a comparison of diabetics and non-diabetics in terms of relative mortality rates and the influence of conventional risk factors as well as an analysis of the relationship between duration of diabetes and mortality risk.

scholarly journals Rheumatoid Arthritis and Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizheng Qiu ◽  
Meijie Li ◽  
Shunshan Jin ◽  
Haoyu Lu ◽  
Yang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses

Significant genetic association exists between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cardiovascular disease. The associated mechanisms include common inflammatory mediators, changes in lipoprotein composition and function, immune responses, etc. However, the causality of RA and vascular/heart problems remains unknown. Herein, we performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using a large-scale RA genome-wide association study (GWAS) dataset (462,933 cases and 457,732 controls) and six cardio-cerebrovascular disease GWAS datasets, including age angina (461,880 cases and 447,052 controls), hypertension (461,880 cases and 337,653 controls), age heart attack (10,693 cases and 451,187 controls), abnormalities of heartbeat (461,880 cases and 361,194 controls), stroke (7,055 cases and 454,825 controls), and coronary heart disease (361,194 cases and 351,037 controls) from United Kingdom biobank. We further carried out heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses. We confirmed the causality of RA with age angina (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04–1.33, p = 1.07E−02), hypertension (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.20–1.75, p = 9.64E−05), age heart attack (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.05–1.26, p = 3.56E−03), abnormalities of heartbeat (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12, p = 1.49E−02), stroke (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.12, p = 2.79E−02), and coronary heart disease (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.39, p = 3.33E−02), contributing to the understanding of the overlapping genetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches between RA and cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Diet Indices Reflecting Changes to Dietary Guidelines for Americans from 1990 to 2015 Are More Strongly Associated with Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey M Rebholz ◽  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Jiantao Ma ◽  
Paul F Jacques ◽  
Daniel Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Abstract Background The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) provide dietary recommendations for the general population with the intent of preventing chronic disease such as cardiovascular disease. An evaluation of whether updated versions of the DGAs accomplish this goal is lacking. Objective The objective of this project was to determine whether updates to DGAs over time, reflected in subsequent versions of diet quality indices, strengthened the associations between diet quality and risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes. Methods Dietary data collected using a food frequency questionnaire in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort was used to assess adherence to sequential versions of the Healthy Eating Index (1990, 2005, 2010, and 2015) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (2000 and 2010) (N = 3,267). We conducted prospective analyses using Cox regression to estimate the association between diet indices and incident cardiovascular disease outcomes. Results Among the 3,267 study participants, 54% were female, mean age was 55 years, and mean body mass index was 27 kg/m2. There were a total of 544 events for the composite outcome of cardiovascular diseases (324 coronary heart disease events, 153 stroke events, and 187 heart failure events). Adherence to any dietary index was inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, and heart failure, but not stroke. Compared to HEI-1990, scores for the more recent diet indices were more strongly associated with coronary heart disease risk, but not cardiovascular disease, heart failure, or stroke. Conclusions More recent iterations of diet indices, reflecting updates to the DGAs over time, are more strongly associated with risk of incident coronary heart disease than the original diet index (HEI-1990).

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Urinary Cadmium Concentration and Cause-Specific Mortality in Subjects without Severe Renal Damage: A 35-Year Follow-Up Study in a Cadmium-Polluted Area of Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7747
Author(s):  
Masaru Sakurai ◽  
Yasushi Suwazono ◽  
Muneko Nishijo ◽  
Kazuhiro Nogawa ◽  
Yuuka Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Urinary Cadmium ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Urinary Cadmium Concentration

We evaluated the association between urinary cadmium concentration (uCd, μg/g Cr) and risk of cause-specific mortality according to urinary β2-microglobulin (MG) concentration. Participants were 1383 male and 1700 female inhabitants of the Cd-polluted Kakehashi River basin. The uCd and β2-MG were evaluated in a survey in 1981–1982, where those participants were followed-up over 35 years later. Among the participants with a urinary β2-MG < 1000, the hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence interval) for mortality were significantly higher in those with a uCd of ≥ 10.0 compared with < 5.0 for cardiovascular disease [HR 1.92 (1.08–3.40) for men, 1.71 (1.07–2.71) for women], pneumonia or influenza [2.10 (1.10–4.00) for men, 2.22 (1.17–4.19) for women], and digestive diseases [for men; 3.81 (1.49–9.74)]. The uCd was significantly associated with mortality from heart failure in women and digestive diseases in men, after adjustment for other causes of death using the Fine and Gray competing risk regression model. For participants with a urinary β2-MG of ≥ 1000, no significant association was observed between uCd and any major cause of death. In the absence of kidney damage, Cd may increase the risk of death from cardiovascular disease, pneumonia, and digestive diseases.

scholarly journals Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and extent of coronary heart disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po Chung Cheng ◽  
Shang Ren Hsu ◽  
Yun Chung Cheng ◽  
Yu Hsiu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hemoglobin Glycation

Background Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Diabetic complications have recently been associated with a measure of glucose metabolism known as the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI). Currently there is insufficient information regarding a potential link between HGI and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HGI and extent of CHD in individuals with T2D. Methods This cross-sectional study screened individuals visiting the endocrinology clinic between June 2012 and May 2016 for eligibility. Enrollment criteria included individuals above 21 years of age with T2D diagnosed in the preceding ten years. Candidates with hemoglobin disorders, pregnancy, and existing coronary artery disease were excluded. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were sampled three months prior to angiography. The regression equation of predicted HbA1c = 0.008 × FPG + 6.28 described the linear relationship between these variables. HGI was calculated as the difference between the measured HbA1c and predicted HbA1c. Participants were classified into two groups according to the presence of supranormal (≥0) or subnormal HGI (<0). Results Among 423 participants, people with supranormal HGI harbored an increased prevalence of multiple vessel disease relative to those with subnormal HGI (Odds ratio (OR): 3.9, 95% CI [2.64–5.98], P < 0.001). Moreover, individuals with supranormal HGI more frequently demonstrated lesions involving the left anterior descending artery (OR: 3.0, 95% CI [1.97–4.66], P < 0.001). The intergroup difference in mean HbA1c was statistically nonsignificant (7.5 ± 1.0% versus 7.4 ± 1.1%, P = 0.80). Discussion This study demonstrated that HGI correlated with the extent of CHD in individuals with T2D. People with supranormal HGI harbored a higher prevalence of extensive cardiovascular disease compared to those with subnormal HGI. The relationship between HGI and extent of CHD enables cardiovascular risk stratification in at risk individuals. Overall, HGI provides useful information concerning cardiovascular risk in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Association of Nonacute Opioid Use and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade H. Singleton ◽  
Erin L. Abner ◽  
Peter D. Akpunonu ◽  
Anna M. Kucharska‐Newton
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND In this scoping review, we identified and reviewed 23 original articles from the PubMed database that investigated the relationship between nonacute opioid use (NOU) and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We defined NOU to include both long‐term opioid therapy and opioid use disorder. We summarized the association between NOU and 5 classes of cardiovascular disease, including infective endocarditis, coronary heart disease (including myocardial infarction), congestive heart failure, cardiac arrythmia (including cardiac arrest), and stroke. The most commonly studied outcomes were coronary heart disease and infective endocarditis. There was generally consistent evidence of a positive association between community prevalence of injection drug use (with opioids being the most commonly injected type of drug) and community prevalence of infective endocarditis, and between (primarily medically indicated) NOU and myocardial infarction. There was less consensus about the relationship between NOU and congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, and stroke. CONCLUSIONS There is a dearth of high‐quality evidence on the relationship between NOU and cardiovascular disease. Innovative approaches to the assessment of opioid exposure over extended periods of time will be required to address this need.

scholarly journals The association of cardiovascular disease and other pre-existing comorbidities with COVID-19 mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Ssentongo ◽  
Anna E. Ssentongo ◽  
Emily S. Heilbrunn ◽  
Djibril M Ba ◽  
Vernon M. Chinchilli
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Exploring the association of coronavirus-2019 disease (COVID-19) mortality with chronic pre-existing conditions may promote the importance of targeting these populations during this pandemic to optimize survival. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the association of pre-existing conditions with COVID-19 mortality. Methods We searched MEDLINE, OVID databases, SCOPUS, and medrxiv.org for the period December 1, 2019, to May 1, 2020. The outcome of interest was the risk of COVID-19 mortality in patients with and without pre-existing conditions. Comorbidities explored were cardiovascular diseases (coronary artery disease, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, and stroke. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. All analyses were performed using random-effects models and heterogeneity was quantified. Results Ten chronic conditions from 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 61,455 patients with COVID-19; mean age, 61 years; 57% male). Overall the between-study study heterogeneity was medium and studies had low publication bias and high quality. Coronary heart disease, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and cancer significantly increased the risk of mortality from COVID-19. The risk of mortality from COVID-19 in patients with coronary heart disease was 2.4 times as high as those without coronary heart disease (RR= 2.40, 95%CI=1.71-3.37, n=5) and twice as high in patients with hypertension as high as that compared to those without hypertension (RR=1.89, 95%CI= 1.58-2.27, n=9). Patients with cancer also were at twice the risk of mortality from COVID-19 compared to those without cancer (RR=1.93 95%CI 1.15-3.24, n=4), and those with congestive heart failure were at 2.5 times the risk of mortality compared to those without congestive heart failure (RR=2.66, 95%CI 1.58-4.48, n=3). Conclusions COVID-19 patients with all any cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, congestive heart failure, and cancer have an increased risk of mortality. Tailored infection prevention and treatment strategies targeting this high-risk population are warranted to optimize survival.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document