scholarly journals Role of Functional Beverages on Sport Performance and Recovery

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Orrù ◽  
Esther Imperlini ◽  
Ersilia Nigro ◽  
Andreina Alfieri ◽  
Armando Cevenini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Sporting Activity ◽  
Functional Beverages

Functional beverages represent a palatable and efficient way to hydrate and reintegrate electrolytes, carbohydrates, and other nutrients employed and/or lost during physical training and/or competitions. Bodily hydration during sporting activity is one of the best indicators of health in athletes and can be a limiting factor for sport performance. Indeed, dehydration strongly decreases athletic performance until it is a risk to health. As for other nutrients, each of them is reported to support athletes’ needs both during the physical activity and/or in the post-workout. In this study, we review the current knowledge of macronutrient-enriched functional beverages in sport taking into account the athletes’ health, sports performance, and recovery.

scholarly journals Regular Physical Activity and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (08) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Brækkan ◽  
John-Bjarne Hansen ◽  
Line Evensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dependent Manner

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complex multifactorial disease that represents a growing public health concern. Identification of modifiable risk factors at the population level may provide a measure to reduce the burden of VTE. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the role of physical activity on the risk of VTE and VTE-related complications. We also discuss methodological challenges related to research on physical activity, and put forward plausible mechanisms for an association between physical activity and VTE. Up to now, published studies have reported diverging results on the relationship between physical activity and VTE, and a complex picture has emerged. However, the available evidence appears to be balanced toward a small beneficial effect of physical activity on the risk of incident VTE, but not in a dose-dependent manner. Still, the lack of an operational definition and standardized assessment method for physical activity, as well as several sources of bias, impairs the interpretation of the available literature. Additional work is necessary to understand the role and how to apply physical activity in the VTE setting. Future research should utilize objective assessment strategies of physical activity and physical fitness, account for the fluctuating nature in habitual activity levels, and explore the role of physical activity in the areas of secondary prevention and VTE-related complications.

Impact of Exercise/Sport on Well-being in Congenital Bleeding Disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (08) ◽  
pp. 796-801
Author(s):  
Silvia Fasoli ◽  
Giorgio Gandini ◽  
Anna Giuffrida ◽  
Massimo Franchini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Sporting Activity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPhysical activity provides many benefits in patients with congenital bleeding disorders. Patients with hemophilia are encouraged to participate in exercise and sports, especially those patients receiving prophylaxis. Several publications and guidelines have explored this issue in hemophilia patients, evaluating in particular the impact of physical activity on patients' well-being and quality of life. The other rare congenital bleeding disorders are less studied; they are heterogeneous in terms of clinical bleeding phenotype, incidence of hemarthrosis, and arthropathy. Furthermore, prophylaxis in these patients is less common than in hemophilia patients, which must be considered when choosing the type of physical and sporting activity. In this review, the authors have analyzed the literature focusing their attention on those rare coagulation disorders that may be complicated by arthropathy and the role of exercise and sports in this context.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin D in Athletes and Their Performance: Current Concepts and New Trends

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian de la Puente Yagüe ◽  
Luis Collado Yurrita ◽  
Maria J. Ciudad Cabañas ◽  
Marioa A. Cuadrado Cenzual
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Injury Recovery

We are currently experiencing a vitamin D (VITD) deficiency pandemic across the world. Athletes have the same predisposition to low levels of vitamin D, the majority of its concentrations being below 20 ng/mL in a wide range of sports, especially in the winter months. Vitamin D is important in bone health, but recent research also points out its essential role in extraskeletal functions, including skeletal muscle growth, immune and cardiopulmonary functions and inflammatory modulation, which influence athletic performance. Vitamin D can also interact with extraskeletal tissues to modulate injury recovery and also influence the risk of infection. The data presented in this paper has triggered investigations in relation to the importance of maintaining adequate levels of vitamin D and to the possible positive influence supplementation has on immune and musculoskeletal functions in athletes, benefiting their performance and preventing future injuries. The objective of this review is to describe the latest research conducted on the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency and its effects on sports performance and musculoskeletal health.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate Availability and Physical Performance: Physiological Overview and Practical Recommendations

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Mata ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Jaume Gimenez ◽  
Carles Tur ◽  
Diogo Ferreria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The One ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Strong evidence during the last few decades has highlighted the importance of nutrition for sport performance, the role of carbohydrates (CHO) being of special interest. Glycogen is currently not only considered an energy substrate but also a regulator of the signaling pathways that regulate exercise-induced adaptations. Thus, low or high CHO availabilities can result in both beneficial or negative results depending on the purpose. On the one hand, the depletion of glycogen levels is a limiting factor of performance during sessions in which high exercise intensities are required; therefore ensuring a high CHO availability before and during exercise is of major importance. A high CHO availability has also been positively related to the exercise-induced adaptations to resistance training. By contrast, a low CHO availability seems to promote endurance-exercise-induced adaptations such as mitochondrial biogenesis and enhanced lipolysis. In the present narrative review, we aim to provide a holistic overview of how CHO availability impacts physical performance as well as to provide practical recommendations on how training and nutrition might be combined to maximize performance. Attending to the existing evidence, no universal recommendations regarding CHO intake can be given to athletes as nutrition should be periodized according to training loads and objectives.

scholarly journals Sport Performance and Manual Therapies: A Review on the Effects on Mitochondrial, Sarcoplasmatic and Ca2+ Flux Response

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Alex Regno ◽  
Attilio Parisi ◽  
Marco Chiera ◽  
Nicola Barsotti ◽  
Claudia Cerulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Manual Therapies ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Bioenergetic Metabolism ◽  
Flux Response

The present narrative review aims to highlight the possible effects manual therapies could have on cells and mitochondria, as these effects could improve athletic performance management. To this aim, this review summarizes the relationship between mechanical stimulation, with a special focus on physical activity, and cell response based on the most recent mechanobiology findings. Mechanobiology analyzes how cells respond to mechanical stressors coming from the environment. Indeed, endogenous (e.g., blood pressure, heartbeat and gastrointestinal motility) and exogenous (e.g., physical activity and manual therapies) stimuli can induce biochemical and epigenetic modifications that alter protein synthesis with heavy consequences on cell behavior. Mechanical stress can also influence mitochondrial behavior (i.e., biogenesis, autophagy, fusion, fission and energy production), sarcoplasmic response and calcium ion (Ca2+) flux. Since manual therapies have been shown to affect the extracellular matrix, which represents a primary source of mechanical stress that may alter both the cytoskeleton and mitochondrial metabolism, it is conceivable manual therapies could also affect cellular and mitochondrial behavior. Lastly, by suggesting possible directions for future laboratory and clinical studies, the authors expect this review to inspire further research on how manual therapies could affect bioenergetic metabolism and, thus, athletic performance.

scholarly journals ROLE OF JUNIOR TRAINING IN REDUCING THE LEVEL OF THEIR CRIMINAL INCLINATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (80) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
V.A. Kaznazcheev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Powerful Factor ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the impact of physical training on crime among juvenile convicts, namely, how physical activity, a set of physical exercises and much more can affect the behavior of juvenile convicts and, directly, contribute to their correction. Proper physical education of minor children is a powerful factor in preventing and deterring crime. The urgency of the need to involve adolescents in active sports is important in order to develop the values of physical education and improve the form and orientation of the promotion of physical education and sports in order to minimize juvenile delinquency.

scholarly journals Positive Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Sports Performance: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fatih Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Research

The role of flexibility on athletic performance is going on to be studied both acutely and how it affects the performance in the long-term. It is important to understand the effects of various stretching types and define the most appropriate form in order to maximize the human movement and performance. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching techniques are commonly used at athletic and clinic settings with the aim of optimizing motor performance and rehabilitation in order to increase range of motion. Yet, new research results put forth that the relation between performance and stretching is not as its thought and come up to this belief with suspicion. The aim of this review is to focus on the positive effects of PNF stretching on performance and to provide the reader with the latest researches on athletic performance. The researches reveal that PNF stretching can increase athletic performance in the long-term. Besides, it is more possible to obtain and maintain the benefits of PNF techniques if they are performed accurately and consistently.

scholarly journals Physical activity of tourism and recreation students in terms of accressibility to open areas

Turyzm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Marcin Pasek ◽  
Jacek Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Physical Recreation ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the article is to present the factors which affect the choice of place of recreation, as well as indicate the preferred forms of physical activity taken up there. The authors also discussed the relationship between distance from open areas and frequency of visits. Moreover, they evaluated current knowledge about the role of the natural environment as a physical recreation space. The research was conducted among a group of 305 physically active individuals (students of the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk), using questionnaires. The respondents defined the role of location in comparison to other motivational factors for a range of physical activities (recreation). They also spoke about their preferred forms of physical activity in the natural environment, compared to the roles of natural and human environments with regard to physical activity. They also provided an answer to the question whether an open area which does not provide respondents with an opportunity to undertake their favoured recreation would remain of interest. The study results demonstrate the unquestionable importance of having access to attractive natural surroundings with respect to physical activity. This allows a relation to be made between leisure in the natural environment and an improvement in the health of the physically active.

Personalized hydratation status in endurance and ultra-endurance: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Nicolò Paternoster ◽  
Enrico Baggio ◽  
Ettore Pelosi
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Plasma Electrolyte ◽  
Sporting Event ◽  
Sporting Activity ◽  
Ultra Endurance ◽  
Sports Activities

This review aims to investigate the physiological mechanisms that underlie the hydro-electrolyte balance of the human body and the most appropriate hydration modalities for individuals involved in physical and sports activities, with a focus on ultra-endurance events. The role of effective hydration in achieving optimal sports performance is also investigated. An adequate pre-hydration is essential to perform physical and sporting activity in a condition of eu-hydration and to mantain physiologic levels of plasma electrolyte. To achieve these goals, athletes need to consume adequate drinks together with consuming meals and fluids, in order to provide an adequate absorption of the ingested fluids and the expulsion of those in excess through diuresis. Therefore, there are important differences between individuals in terms of sweating rates, the amount of electrolytes loss and the specific request of the discipline practiced and the sporting event to pursue.

Exercise capacity and training in cerebral palsy and other neuromuscular diseases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet Dallmeijer ◽  
Jost Schnyder
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Sports And Exercise ◽  
And Training

Chapter 35 gives an understanding of the role of exercise in the functional assessment and clinical management of children with neuromuscular diseases, especially for children with CP and PMD. Current knowledge about exercise capacity and training possibilities with respect to the different fitness components (aerobic power, anaerobic power, muscular strength) will be described as well as the level of physical activity and training recommendations. Practical advice and suggestions are given on how to build up and execute an adapted programme for physical activity, sports, and exercise. Data will be summarized to recognize the possibilities as well as the limits of exercise, and also to permit a regular evaluation and a constant adaptation of a physical activity programme.

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