Exercise capacity and training in cerebral palsy and other neuromuscular diseases

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annet Dallmeijer ◽  
Jost Schnyder
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Sports And Exercise ◽  
And Training

Chapter 35 gives an understanding of the role of exercise in the functional assessment and clinical management of children with neuromuscular diseases, especially for children with CP and PMD. Current knowledge about exercise capacity and training possibilities with respect to the different fitness components (aerobic power, anaerobic power, muscular strength) will be described as well as the level of physical activity and training recommendations. Practical advice and suggestions are given on how to build up and execute an adapted programme for physical activity, sports, and exercise. Data will be summarized to recognize the possibilities as well as the limits of exercise, and also to permit a regular evaluation and a constant adaptation of a physical activity programme.

scholarly journals Regular Physical Activity and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (08) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Brækkan ◽  
John-Bjarne Hansen ◽  
Line Evensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dependent Manner

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complex multifactorial disease that represents a growing public health concern. Identification of modifiable risk factors at the population level may provide a measure to reduce the burden of VTE. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the role of physical activity on the risk of VTE and VTE-related complications. We also discuss methodological challenges related to research on physical activity, and put forward plausible mechanisms for an association between physical activity and VTE. Up to now, published studies have reported diverging results on the relationship between physical activity and VTE, and a complex picture has emerged. However, the available evidence appears to be balanced toward a small beneficial effect of physical activity on the risk of incident VTE, but not in a dose-dependent manner. Still, the lack of an operational definition and standardized assessment method for physical activity, as well as several sources of bias, impairs the interpretation of the available literature. Additional work is necessary to understand the role and how to apply physical activity in the VTE setting. Future research should utilize objective assessment strategies of physical activity and physical fitness, account for the fluctuating nature in habitual activity levels, and explore the role of physical activity in the areas of secondary prevention and VTE-related complications.

Effects of exercise on endothelium and endothelium/smooth muscle cross talk: role of exercise-induced hemodynamics

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Newcomer ◽  
Dick H. J. Thijssen ◽  
D. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Wall Stress ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
And Training

Physical activity, exercise training, and fitness are associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. In the context that a risk factor “gap” exists in the explanation for the beneficial effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease, it has recently been proposed that exercise generates hemodynamic stimuli which exert direct effects on the vasculature that are antiatherogenic. In this review we briefly introduce some of the in vitro and in vivo evidence relating exercise hemodynamic modulation and vascular adaptation. In vitro data clearly demonstrate the importance of shear stress as a potential mechanism underlying vascular adaptations associated with exercise. Supporting this is in vivo human data demonstrating that exercise-mediated shear stress induces localized impacts on arterial function and diameter. Emerging evidence suggests that exercise-related changes in hemodynamic stimuli other than shear stress may also be associated with arterial remodeling. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo data strongly imply that hemodynamic influences combine to orchestrate a response to exercise and training that regulates wall stress and peripheral vascular resistance and contributes to the antiatherogenic impacts of physical activity, fitness, and training.

scholarly journals Physical activity of tourism and recreation students in terms of accressibility to open areas

Turyzm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Marcin Pasek ◽  
Jacek Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Physical Recreation ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the article is to present the factors which affect the choice of place of recreation, as well as indicate the preferred forms of physical activity taken up there. The authors also discussed the relationship between distance from open areas and frequency of visits. Moreover, they evaluated current knowledge about the role of the natural environment as a physical recreation space. The research was conducted among a group of 305 physically active individuals (students of the Academy of Physical Education and Sport in Gdańsk), using questionnaires. The respondents defined the role of location in comparison to other motivational factors for a range of physical activities (recreation). They also spoke about their preferred forms of physical activity in the natural environment, compared to the roles of natural and human environments with regard to physical activity. They also provided an answer to the question whether an open area which does not provide respondents with an opportunity to undertake their favoured recreation would remain of interest. The study results demonstrate the unquestionable importance of having access to attractive natural surroundings with respect to physical activity. This allows a relation to be made between leisure in the natural environment and an improvement in the health of the physically active.

scholarly journals Role of Functional Beverages on Sport Performance and Recovery

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Orrù ◽  
Esther Imperlini ◽  
Ersilia Nigro ◽  
Andreina Alfieri ◽  
Armando Cevenini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Sporting Activity ◽  
Functional Beverages

Functional beverages represent a palatable and efficient way to hydrate and reintegrate electrolytes, carbohydrates, and other nutrients employed and/or lost during physical training and/or competitions. Bodily hydration during sporting activity is one of the best indicators of health in athletes and can be a limiting factor for sport performance. Indeed, dehydration strongly decreases athletic performance until it is a risk to health. As for other nutrients, each of them is reported to support athletes’ needs both during the physical activity and/or in the post-workout. In this study, we review the current knowledge of macronutrient-enriched functional beverages in sport taking into account the athletes’ health, sports performance, and recovery.

scholarly journals (Neuro) Peptides, Physical Activity, and Cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juho Autio ◽  
Ville Stenbäck ◽  
Dominique D. Gagnon ◽  
Juhani Leppäluoto ◽  
Karl-Heinz Herzig
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Regular physical activity (PA) improves cognitive functions, prevents brain atrophy, and delays the onset of cognitive decline, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Presently, there are no specific recommendations for PA producing positive effects on brain health and little is known on its mediators. PA affects production and release of several peptides secreted from peripheral and central tissues, targeting receptors located in the central nervous system (CNS). This review will provide a summary of the current knowledge on the association between PA and cognition with a focus on the role of (neuro)peptides. For the review we define peptides as molecules with less than 100 amino acids and exclude myokines. Tachykinins, somatostatin, and opioid peptides were excluded from this review since they were not affected by PA. There is evidence suggesting that PA increases peripheral insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and elevated serum IGF-1 levels are associated with improved cognitive performance. It is therefore likely that IGF-1 plays a role in PA induced improvement of cognition. Other neuropeptides such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), ghrelin, galanin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could mediate the beneficial effects of PA on cognition, but the current literature regarding these (neuro)peptides is limited.

scholarly journals The Autophagy Signaling Pathway: A Potential Multifunctional Therapeutic Target of Curcumin in Neurological and Neuromuscular Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Perrone ◽  
Tiziana Squillaro ◽  
Filomena Napolitano ◽  
Chiara Terracciano ◽  
Simone Sampaolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Neuromuscular Diseases ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Metabolic Alterations

Autophagy is the major intracellular machinery for degrading proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and organelles. This cellular process is essential for the maintenance of the correct cellular balance in both physiological and stress conditions. Because of its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, dysregulation of autophagy leads to various disease manifestations, such as inflammation, metabolic alterations, aging, and neurodegeneration. A common feature of many neurologic and neuromuscular diseases is the alteration of the autophagy-lysosomal pathways. For this reason, autophagy is considered a target for the prevention and/or cure of these diseases. Dietary intake of polyphenols has been demonstrated to prevent/ameliorate several of these diseases. Thus, natural products that can modulate the autophagy machinery are considered a promising therapeutic strategy. In particular, curcumin, a phenolic compound widely used as a dietary supplement, exerts an important effect in modulating autophagy. Herein, we report on the current knowledge concerning the role of curcumin in modulating the autophagy machinery in various neurological and neuromuscular diseases as well as its role in restoring the autophagy molecular mechanism in several cell types that have different effects on the progression of neurological and neuromuscular disorders.

scholarly journals Hypertension Today: Role of Sports and Exercise Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Stefani ◽  
Gabriele Mascherini ◽  
Benedetta Tosi ◽  
Giorgio Galanti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Medicine ◽  
Sports And Exercise

Progressive increase of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a rising costs for the society, is driving to focus on risk’s factors reduction. The importance to prevent acute events and to reduce mortality and morbility have risen the sound of the correct life style indications as the primary approach for hypertension. The new classification of hypertension has amplified an high-value of the role of the physical activity especially in the initial phase of the disease when the potential positive impact of the regular physical activity can permit to avoid the use of the pharmacological treatment. The numbers of the hypertensive subjects is increasing everywhere; however the awareness of the presence of the disease is not so frequent. Although some risk factors, such as age and hereditary factors cannot be changed, on the contrary lifestyle’s modification can prevent the CVD and hypertension. Sports Medicine physicians agree that healthcare providers need to focus on preventive and lifestyle aspects of cardiovascular care to promote individual and population health. A dedicated approach to prescribe the amount of weekly physical activity at moderate intensity can allow to control the blood pressure values avoiding the assumption of antihypertensive drugs. Aerobic and resistance exercises need to be individually established by dedicated models tailored on the basis of the specific characteristics of the people involved. Sports and Exercise Medicine can contributes to manage and to tailor the amount of programmed physical activity starting from the ”exercise prescription” guidelines.

Role of physical activity and perceived adequacy on peak aerobic power in children with developmental coordination disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 672-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Silman ◽  
John Cairney ◽  
John Hay ◽  
Panagiota Klentrou ◽  
Brent E. Faught
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Developmental Coordination Disorder ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Coordination Disorder

Exercise and Cystic Fibrosis (CF) 2.0

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Cerny
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Airway Function

In 1989 we knew that exercise, including regular prescribed physical activity, could be safely performed and described some of the physiological responses to exercise in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Also in 1989, the genetic defect causing cystic fibrosis (CF) was identified leading to improvements in treatment that greatly extended the life span for these patients. Increased understanding of the factors limiting exercise capacity and of the important role of regular exercise in slowing the progression of CF and in modulating some of the effects of the genetic defect on airway function has led to the consensus that regular exercise should be part of the standard of care for this disease.

scholarly journals Physical activity and diabetes: current considerations

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schrauwen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Applied Physiology ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. Overeating, leading to obesity and overweight, is often considered the main determinant of this increase. However, evidence is accumulating that physical inactivity may be as important a factor in the development of diabetes as being overweight. The reviews in this issue of Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism discuss the current knowledge on the role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

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