scholarly journals Aspects of Dietary Diversity Differ in Their Association with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in a Racially Diverse US Adult Population

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Fanelli Kuczmarski ◽  
Benjamin C. Brewer ◽  
Rita Rawal ◽  
Ryan T. Pohlig ◽  
Alan B. Zonderman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Ascvd Risk

The study objectives were to measure dietary diversity (DD) of an urban US population and to determine if associations of 10 year atherosclerotic cardiovascular (ASCVD) risk with DD were independent of dietary quality. Participants were drawn from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study, wave 4 (n = 2066, 1259 African Americans (AA), 807 Whites (W). Three DD measures were derived from 2 days of 24 h recall data collected with the USDA automated-multiple-pass-method. Count was based on consumption of at least half an equivalent of food from 21 subgroups. Evenness was calculated using Berry Index (BI) and BI-adjusted by food health values. Dissimilarity was calculated by Mahalanobis Distance. Diet quality was assessed by Mean Nutrient Adequacy (MAR) and DASH scores. Associations of DD and quality with ASCVD risk, calculated using 2013 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines, were assessed with multivariable regression. Covariates included income, education, food security, and energy/kg weight. Count and MAR were positively associated whereas dissimilarity was negatively associated with ASCVD risk. There was no evidence that evenness contributed to cardiovascular health. The findings suggest more diversity in food attributes and diets rich in micronutrients rather than increased count support cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Dietary Quality of Women of Reproductive Age in Low-Income Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kyrgyzstan

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Aiperi Otunchieva ◽  
Jamila Smanalieva ◽  
Angelika Ploeger
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy

Dietary diversity and adequate nutrient intake are essential for conducting a healthy life. However, women in low-income settings often face difficulties in ensuring dietary quality. This research assessed relationships between the dietary diversity, nutrient adequacy, and socio-economic factors among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Kyrgyzstan. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in four locations, including two rural and two urban areas in the north and south of Kyrgyzstan. A survey with pre-coded and open-ended questions was employed during the interviews of 423 WRAs aged 18–49. Data collection was conducted in March–May 2021. The average value body mass index (BMI) of WRA was 24.2 ± 4.6 kg/m2. The dietary diversity score (DDS) was higher among rural women (common language effect size) cles = 0.67, adjusted p < 0.001) in the northern region (cles = 0.61, p < 0.05) who have cropland (cles = 0.60, p < 0.001) and a farm animal (cles = 0.60, p < 0.05). Mean nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) was below 1 in most micronutrients, whereas thiamine, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and C, folic acid, calcium, and magnesium were even lower than 0.5. Women with a kitchen garden or a cropland had better NAR energy (cles = 0.57), NAR carbohydrate (cles = 0.60), NAR fiber (cles = 0.60), NAR vitamin B1 (cles = 0.53), and NAR folic acid (cles = 0.54). Respondents who receive remittances and a farm animal have better NARs for energy, carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin B1, folic acid, iron, zinc, and mean adequacy ratio for 16 nutrients (MAR 16) than those who do not. Education and income have a negative correlation with dietary quality. This study contributes to the limited literature on the quality of diets in Kyrgyzstan. Hidden hunger and undernutrition are a severe problem among WRA in low-income settings. Recommendations are including study programs in nutrition, teaching households farming practices, and raising awareness on adequate nutrition.

scholarly journals Diet quality among Iranian adolescents needs improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Fahime Akbari ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio ◽  
Systematic Cluster

AbstractObjectiveDiet in adolescence is important not only because of adolescents’ rapid growth but also due to its influence on future chronic diseases. On the other hand, dietary quality indices are noteworthy and useful approaches to evaluate dietary intakes. Thus the present study was conducted to assess dietary quality indices in adolescents.DesignCross-sectional.SettingsThe data were collected from schools in Isfahan, Iran.SubjectsFemale students (n 265) aged 11–13 years were enrolled using systematic cluster-random sampling in Isfahan (Iran). Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated FFQ. Diet quality indices including dietary diversity score (DDS), the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) across ten nutrients were calculated.ResultsMean DDS, HEI score and MAR were 6·15 (sd 1·61) out of 10 points, 63·90 (sd 19·86) out of 100 points and 1·32 (sd 0·61), respectively. Mean nutrient adequacy ratio of all nutrients was above 1 except for vitamin D (0·53 (sd 0·51)). Those in the highest tertile of DDS had the most favourable anthropometric variables in comparison to the lowest tertile. There were no significant associations between HEI score and BMI, central or abdominal obesity and blood pressure. Those in the highest tertile of MAR had higher BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference.ConclusionsDiet quality of Isfahani adolescents needs improvement. It may imply the necessity of implementing nutritional instructive policies in this age group and their parents.

scholarly journals Low Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT): A barrier to dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy in school age children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Doustmohammadian ◽  
Nasrin Omidvar ◽  
Nastaran Keshavarz Mohammadi ◽  
Hassan Eini-Zinab ◽  
Maryam Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
School Age ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Food And Nutrition

Abstract Background: Increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents over the past two decades has made it a public health concern. Knowledge, skills and critical decision making about food choices and dietary intake, known as food and nutrition literacy (FNLIT) could be one of the keys to improving the outcomes of future interventions in this area. This study aims to assess the relationship between FNLIT and dietary diversity and nutrient adequacy in school-age children in Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 803 Primary school students aged 10-12 years in Tehran, Iran. Socio-economic and household food security characteristics, as well as three 24-hour dietary recalls (two week-days and one weekend) were collected through interviewing students and their mothers/caregivers. FNLIT was measured by a self-administered locally designed and validated questionnaire. Number of servings from food groups and diet diversity score, as well as nutrient adequacy were calculated and compared with recommendations. The association between dietary quality factors and FNLIT were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Results: Students with low FNLIT were less likely to meet daily recommended portion of vegetable (OR=2.83, 95% CI=1.12-7.17), meats (OR=2.37, 95% CI=1.01-5.55) and fruits (OR=2.42, 95% CI=1.38-4.25) (after adjusting for confounding factors, including demographics, Socioeconomics, physical activity, calorie intake and food security). Moreover, low FNLIT subscales were associated with higher odds of low diversity of fruits (OR=3.82, 95% CI=1.01-14.42), dairies (OR=19.5, 95% CI=2.09-182.38), and meats (OR=2.4, 95% CI=1.31-4.40). low FNLIT and its subscales were associated with odds of lower level of NAR of protein (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.02-8.95), calcium (OR=2.2, 95% CI=1.16-4.49), and vitamin B3 (OR=3.65, 95% CI=1.05-12.69), as well as probability of lower level of MAR (OR=2.91, 95% CI=1.03-8.23, OR=3.12, 95% CI=1.38-7.05), and NAR of vitamin B9 (OR=2.98, 95% CI=1.04-8.51), and odds of lower level of NAR of vitamin B6 (OR=2.30, 95% CI=1.10-4.83). Conclusion: Improving FNLIT in children may help to improve their eating habits and dietary quality for the benefits of good health.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity and Prostate Cancer in a Spanish Adult Population: CAPLIFE Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Naomi Cano-Ibáñez ◽  
Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez ◽  
Macarena Lozano-Lorca ◽  
Fernando Vázquez-Alonso ◽  
Miguel Arrabal-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Adequate Nutrient

Dietary diversity (DD) is a key component of a high-quality diet, providing the adequate nutrient requirements. However, the role of DD on prostate cancer (PCa) is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between DD, adequate nutrient intake and PCa, according to the aggressiveness of the tumor. The CAPLIFE (CAP: prostate cancer; LIFE: lifestyles) study is a population-based case-control study including a total of 402 incident PCa cases and 302 controls. The DD score (DDS), adjusted by total energy intake, was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Nutrient adequacy was defined according to European Dietary Recommendation Intake for men. The aggressiveness of PCa was determined according to the International Society of Urology Pathology classification. The association between DDS, nutrient intake and PCa was assessed by logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. DDS was similar for PCa cases and controls, independent of PCa aggressiveness. According to each food group DDS, the protein group showed the highest mean score in all the subgroups analyzed. However, no differences were observed for each of the DDS components. The DDS, the variety of the group’s food intake, and the adequate nutrient intake, were not associated with PCa.

scholarly journals The Status of Cardiovascular Health in Rural and Urban Areas of Janów Lubelski District in Eastern Poland: A Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Nowicki ◽  
Barbara Ślusarska ◽  
Honorata Piasecka ◽  
Agnieszka Bartoszek ◽  
Katarzyna Kocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health

Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) has been defined by the American Heart Association as the lack of cardiovascular disease and the presence of seven key factors and health behaviors. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of ideal and poor CVH among the Polish adult population based on the example of the inhabitants of Janów district in Lubelskie Voivodship, taking the chosen socio-demographic factors into consideration. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 3901 adults without cardiovascular diseases, aged between 35 and 64 years. Participants completed a questionnaire, and they had anthropometric and physiological measurements taken. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose and cholesterol levels. Ideal CVH was found in 5.4% of the participants, with the advantage of being toward city dwellers over those living in the rural areas (6.3% vs. 5.0%) p = 0.02. In the case of the residents of rural areas, their likelihood of having an ideal body mass index (BMI) was found to be 22% lower (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66–0.92), their likelihood of having an ideal diet was found to be 27% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.94), their likelihood of having perfect blood pressure was found to be 29% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56–0.89), and their likelihood of having the perfect glucose levels was found to be 28% lower (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.84), than the residents of urban areas. The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors is lower in the rural community compared with people living in the city. Results indicate that more effort should be dedicated toward the country’s health policy, specifically concerning primary prevention. Preventive actions in the field of cardiovascular disease should be addressed to the residents of rural areas to a larger extent.

scholarly journals The Status of Cardiovascular Health in Rural and Urban Areas of Janow Lubelski District in Eastern Poland: a Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Józef Nowicki ◽  
Barbara Ślusarska ◽  
Honorata Piasecka ◽  
Agnieszka Bartoszek ◽  
Katarzyna Kocka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels

Perfect cardiovascular health (CVH) has been defined by the American Heart Association as the lack of cardiovascular disease and the presence of seven key factors and health behaviors. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of ideal and poor CVH among the Polish adult population, taking the chosen socio-demographic factors into consideration. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 3,901 adults without cardiovascular diseases, aged between 35 and 64 years. Participants completed a questionnaire, and they had anthropometric and physiological measurements taken. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose and cholesterol levels. Ideal CVH was found in 5.4% of the participants, with the advantage of being toward city dwellers over those living in the rural areas (6.3% vs. 5.0%) p = 0.02. In case of the residents of rural areas, their likelihood of having an ideal body mass index (BMI) was found to be 22% lower (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66&ndash;0.92), their likelihood of having an ideal diet was found to be 27% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54&ndash;0.94), their likelihood of having perfect blood pressure was found to be 29% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56&ndash;0.89), and their likelihood of having the perfect glucose levels were found to be 28% lower (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63&ndash;0.84), than the residents of urban areas. The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors is lower in the rural community compared with people living in the city. Results indicate that more effort should be dedicated toward the country&rsquo;s health policy, specifically concerning primary prevention. Preventive actions in the field of cardiovascular disease should be addressed to the residents of rural areas to a larger extent.

scholarly journals Local traditional foods contribute to diversity and species richness of rural women’s diet in Ecuador

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 2962-2971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Penafiel ◽  
Holger Cevallos-Valdiviezo ◽  
Ramón Espinel ◽  
Patrick Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Nutrient Adequacy ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Mean Adequacy Ratio

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the dietary diversity and the nutrient contribution of traditional foods (locally cultivated and wild) by conducting a food intake study in rural Ecuador.Design:Repeated 24 h recalls over a 14 d interval and frequency of consumption served to simulate the usual diet by the Multiple Source Method. Data on missing visits (n 11) were imputed using multivariate imputation by chained equations. The intakes of three macro- and six micronutrients were reported. Nutrient Adequacy Ratios, Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), Dietary Species Richness (DSR) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women were used as measures of dietary quality. A linear quantile mixed model was used to investigate the association between DSR, local species, MAR, age, education and occupation.Setting:Guasaganda, Cotopaxi (Ecuador).Participants:Rural, indigenous adult women, non-pregnant and not breast-feeding.Results:The studied diet had MAR of 0·78. Consumption of traditional foods contributed 38·6 % of total energy intake. Daily requirements for protein, carbohydrates, Fe and vitamin C were reached. An extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for macronutrients of 0·033 (P < 0·001). On the other hand, an extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for micronutrients of 0·052 (P < 0·001).Conclusions:We found statistical evidence that traditional foods contribute to adequate intakes of macro- and micronutrients and dietary diversification in the studied population. Future public health interventions should promote the cultivation and consumption of traditional foods to increase the quality of the local diet.

Abstract P101: Cardiovascular Health in US Adults Before and After Publication of the American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goals: Results From NHANES 2005-2016

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiang He ◽  
Zhengbao Zhu ◽  
Joshua D Bundy ◽  
Katherine T Mills ◽  
Lydia A Bazzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After

Background: The dissemination of the American Heart Association (AHA) 2020 Impact Goals might promote nationwide efforts to improve cardiovascular health in the US general population. We aimed to compare cardiovascular health metrics in US adults before and after the release of the AHA 2020 Impact Goals. Methods: A total of 32,327 adults aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2005-2016 were included in this analysis. Cardiovascular health comprised 7 health metrics (smoking status, body-mass index, physical activity, healthy diet score, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose), and each metric was scored as poor (0 points), intermediate (1 point), or ideal (2 points). Cardiovascular health score (0-14) was calculated as the sum of all 7 cardiovascular health metric scores. Age-standardized proportions of cardiovascular health metrics and means of cardiovascular health scores were calculated overall and in age, sex, and race/ethnicity subgroups for NHANES 2005-2010 and 2011-2016. Results: The age-standardized mean of cardiovascular health score was not significantly different between 2005-2010 and 2011-2016 (7.86 vs. 7.99, P =0.14) in the US adult population. However, the cardiovascular health scores significantly increased in young adults aged 20-39 years (8.62 vs. 8.96, P =0.002) and non-Hispanic blacks (7.02 vs. 7.30, P =0.004). Additionally, although the cardiovascular health behaviors score was not significantly different (3.64 vs. 3.71, P= 0.24), the cardiovascular health factors score significantly improved (5.74 vs. 5.82, P =0.02). Age-standardized proportions of non-current smoking (74.1% vs. 77.0%), ideal physical activity (35.7% vs. 39.0%), and total cholesterol <200 mg/dL (43.3% vs. 48.1%) significantly increased, but body-mass index <25.0 kg/m 2 (32.2% vs. 29.8%) significantly decreased, from 2005-2010 to 2011-2016 in US adults. Conclusions: Since the release of the AHA 2020 Impact Goals, cardiovascular health has improved in young adults and non-Hispanic blacks. In addition, the proportions of non-current smoking, ideal physical activity, and ideal total cholesterol have increased in the entire US adult population. However, several cardiovascular health metrics have not significantly improved, or have even worsened. Further nationwide efforts are warranted to promote cardiovascular health, especially weight loss, in the US general population.

scholarly journals Dietary Diversity and Dietary Quality: Associations With Body Mass Index Change in Diverse Adults With Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 239-239
Author(s):  
Marie Kuczmarski ◽  
Rita Rawal ◽  
May Beydoun ◽  
Nancy Cotugna ◽  
Benjamin Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
High Count ◽  
Measured Weight

Abstract Dietary Diversity (DD), a variety element of a healthful diet, can be measured by count, evenness and dissimilarity scores. This study explored the associations of DD, and dietary quality measured by Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, with annualized Body Mass Index (BMI) change in a diverse sample. Participants, 1,104 African American (57.9%) and White (42.1%) adults, were from the longitudinal Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. Mean±SE age at baseline was 48.3±0.20 years. The DD and DASH scores were calculated using four 24-hr recalls from baseline (2004-2009) and 1st follow-up wave (2009-2013). Count was based on consumption of ≥50% of an equivalent from 21 food groups. Evenness was derived using the Berry-Index adjusted by the food’s health value; dissimilarity, by Mahalanobis Distance. The DASH score was computed using the Mellen formula. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height; change in BMI from 1st to 2nd follow-up waves (2009-2017). Linear regression results are expressed as β-coefficients □ standard error of means (β□SE). After adjusting for energy, age, sex, race, poverty status, education, and smoking, of the three DD measures, only mean count was associated with annualized change in BMI (8.166±3.575, p=0.023). Mean DASH score was inversely associated with BMI change (-6.599±2.690, p=0.014). Age and smoking were the only other significant predictors (-1.137±2.938, p&lt;0.001), (-1.169±5.472, p=0.033), respectively. These findings provide evidence that high quality is associated with a decrease in BMI with age while high count scores are associated with a rise in BMI.

scholarly journals Association of cardiovascular health and epigenetic age acceleration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess D. Pottinger ◽  
Sadiya S. Khan ◽  
Yinan Zheng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Hilary A. Tindle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epigenetic Age ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Epigenetic Age Acceleration ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling

Abstract Background Cardiovascular health (CVH) has been defined by the American Heart Association (AHA) as the presence of the “Life’s Simple 7” ideal lifestyle and clinical factors. CVH is known to predict longevity and freedom from cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death for women in the United States. DNA methylation markers of aging have been aggregated into a composite epigenetic age score, which is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, it is unknown whether poor CVH is associated with acceleration of aging as measured by DNA methylation markers in epigenetic age. Methods and results We performed a cross-sectional analysis of racially/ethnically diverse post-menopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative cohort recruited between 1993 and 1998. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) was calculated using DNA methylation data on a subset of participants and the published Horvath and Hannum methods for intrinsic and extrinsic EAA. CVH was calculated using the AHA measures of CVH contributing to a 7-point score. We examined the association between CVH score and EAA using linear regression modeling adjusting for self-reported race/ethnicity and education. Among the 2,170 participants analyzed, 50% were white and mean age was 64 (7 SD) years. Higher or more favorable CVH scores were associated with lower extrinsic EAA (~ 6 months younger age per 1 point higher CVH score, p < 0.0001), and lower intrinsic EAA (3 months younger age per 1 point higher CVH score, p < 0.028). Conclusions These cross-sectional observations suggest a possible mechanism by which ideal CVH is associated with greater longevity.

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