scholarly journals The Impact of Mediterranean Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy on Maternal and Offspring Health

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Amati ◽  
Sondus Hassounah ◽  
Alexandra Swaka
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
National Heart Lung ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Pregnancy outcomes for both mother and child are affected by many environmental factors. The importance of pregnancy for ‘early life programming’ is well established and maternal nutrition is an important factor contributing to a favourable environment for developing offspring. We aim to assess whether following a Mediterranean Diet during pregnancy is beneficial for maternal and offspring outcomes; (2) Methods: a systematic review was performed using standardized reporting guidelines with the National Heart Lung and Blood Iinstitute quality assessment tool for selection and extraction; (3) Results: results show that being on a Mediterranean Diet during pregnancy is associated with favourable outcomes for both maternal and offspring health, particularly for gestational diabetes in mothers and congenital defects in offspring (4) Conclusions: Following a Mediterranean dietary pattern during gestation is beneficial for the health of both the mother and offspring. Pregnant women and those trying to conceive should be advised to follow a Mediterranean Diet to potentially decrease, for example, the likelihood of atopy (OR 0.55) in the offspring and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the mother (OR 0.73).

scholarly journals Adherence to Antidiabetic Medications among Women with Gestational Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Michelle Asiedu-Danso ◽  
Irene A. Kretchy ◽  
Jeremiah Kobby Sekyi ◽  
Augustina Koduah
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Impact

Background. Optimal adherence to prescribed medications in women with gestational diabetes is relevant for perinatal outcomes. Objective. To summarize available information on the prevalence and factors contributing to medication adherence in women with gestational diabetes from the biological and psychosocial perspectives. Methods. A literature search on adherence in gestational diabetes was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals for studies published on the topic. The Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews was used to explore and summarize the evidence. Results. A total of 2395 studies were retrieved of which 13 fully met the eligibility criteria. The studies were reported in Zimbabwe ( n = 5 ), Iran ( n = 1 ), Mexico ( n = 1 ), South India ( n = 1 ), the United States of America ( n = 4 ), and one multinational study covering Australia, Europe, North and South America. The main types of antidiabetic medications used were insulin ( n = 6 ), metformin ( n = 4 ), and glyburide ( n = 2 ). The prevalence of adherence ranged from 35.6% to 97%, with the assessment tool being self-report measures ( n = 8 ). The main factors associated with nonadherence included worsening pregnancy symptoms, side effects of medications, perceived risks, mental health symptoms, poor social support, and socioeconomic status. Recommendations that evolved from the studies to improve adherence included education, counselling, improved support networks, and social interventions, while the main reported interventional study employed continuous education on the impact of adherence on perinatal outcomes. Conclusion. Medication nonadherence in gestational diabetes seems to be influenced by multiple factors with some educational interventions positively impacting adherence behaviours. Thus, future research in women with gestational diabetes could consider interventions from a multifactorial perspective to improve therapeutic outcomes.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ON FINTECH DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintarė PAULIUKEVIČIENĖ ◽  
Jelena STANKEVIČIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Environment Assessment ◽  
Favourable Environment ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – to propose an assessment tool of the environment of FinTech sector. Research methodology – systematic analysis of scientific literature has been carried out to form a methodology for FinTech sector environment assessment, which consists of quantitative methods used for the empirical research of the study as follows: PEST analysis, expert evaluation, determination of indicators’ values, normalization of data, multi-criteria assessment (the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method). Findings – the practical application of the developed assessment tool is verified by completing an empirical study on the example of the leading FinTech countries as well as the Baltic States. Recommendations for further Lithuanian FinTech sector development are provided. Research limitations – research is based on an assessment of the significance of external environmental indicators of FinTech sector development on a country level. Due to the large number of indicators and countries, only a fraction of factors and countries were selected for research. Therefore, the object of the research requires a more detailed study in the future. Practical implications – the development of FinTech sector has been growing dramatically in the recent years on a global scale, with some countries leading the way due to a more favourable environment. The results show that the proposed assessment tool for the development of the FinTech sector can be used by policymakers in different countries to identify the external environmental factors to improve in order to create better conditions for the development of the FinTech sector. Originality/Value – a new methodology and tool for FinTech environment assessment is developed by the authors as a contribution to the formation of better environment for FinTech sector development. The developed tool provides an opportunity to study the strong and weak sides of the environment development of the FinTech sector, to compare the good practices of other countries and to get ideas for changes in order to create a more favourable environment for the FinTech development on a country level.

154 UNDERNUTRITION DURING THE PERICONCEPTIONAL PERIOD IN EWES AFFECTS THE BLOOD PRESSURE AND WEIGHT OF THEIR NEONATAL LAMBS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
N. A. Smith ◽  
P. Lonergan ◽  
P. Duffy ◽  
T. F. Crosby ◽  
P. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
The Impact

Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies has shown that maternal undernutrition during pregnancy can alter fetal growth and development and is associated with increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in the offspring. However, there is a paucity of data examining the effect of undernutrition during the periconceptual period on offspring health. Therefore, we investigated the impact of ewe undernutrition during the periconceptional period on lamb birth weight and blood pressure. Crossbred ewes (n = 166) were individually penned and randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatments and fed either 0.7 (restricted) or 1.1 (control) maintenance energy requirements from 28 days prior until 7 days post-mating. After Day 7, ewes in both treatments were managed similarly until parturition. Following parturition, lamb gender, birth weight, and blood pressure were recorded. Lamb weight and blood pressure were subsequently measured at 4 and 10 weeks of age. Restricted ewes lost 2.6 � 0.2 kg over the treatment period compared with control ewes which gained 1.7 � 0.58 kg (P < 0.01). There was no treatment effect on lamb birth weight in either singleton or twin gestations. However, at 4 and 10 weeks of age singleton lambs born to nutritionally restricted ewes were heavier than those born to control ewes (males, n = 17: 19.4 � 0.1 vs. 16.4 � 0.1 kg; females, n = 16: 34.9 � 1.0 vs. 30.9 � 1.6 kg, P < 0.05). Blood pressure, measured within the first 24 h of life, was higher (P < 0.05) in singleton lambs born to nutritionally restricted mothers compared to controls (males: systolic 126 � 11 vs. 94 � 5; diastolic 99 � 12 vs. 58 � 5; mean 112 � 11 vs. 77 � 5 mmHg; P < 0.05; females: systolic 126 � 11 vs. 94 � 5; diastolic 99 � 12 vs. 58 � 5; mean 112 � 11 vs. 77 � 5 mmHg; P < 0.05). This difference was no longer apparent at 4 or 10 weeks of age. Mean blood pressures of twin lambs at birth and 4 weeks of age were numerically greater in the restricted than in the control treatment but were significantly different only among male twin groups at 4 weeks of age (diastolic 77 � 4 vs. 94 � 4; mean 96 � 4 vs. 110 � 3 mmHg; P < 0.01). Maternal undernutrition during the periconceptional period was associated with increased offspring weight at 4 and 10 weeks of age in singletons, as well as alterations in offspring cardiovascular function in both singletons and twins. These findings suggest that maternal nutrition at the time of conception influences offspring health. Exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated but may involve genetic modification. This research was funded by IRCSET and University College Dublin.

Nutritional intervention promoting Mediterranean diet improves dietary intake and enhances score adherence in adolescent athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-253
Author(s):  
Rokia Sahnoune ◽  
Malika Bouchenak
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kidmed Index

BACKGROUND: Appropriate nutrition is important to maintain health, growth, and development of adolescent athlete performance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of nutritional intervention (NI) promoting Mediterranean diet (MD), on food consumption, and adherence to MD, in scholar adolescent athletes. METHODS: Eighty athletes (Females/Males, 39/41) aged 15±1 years participated to NI. MD Adherence was assessed, using Kidmed index, at baseline, and at 6 months. Food intake was evaluated by 24-hour recall at baseline, and at four NI times. RESULTS: At baseline, 61% of athletes had poor MD adherence, and after NI, this value decreased to 10%. At 6 months of NI, 73% of males vs 46% of females had good MD adherence (≥8). Energy intake represented 2369 Kcal/d, at baseline, and was less than recommended value. After NI, significant increase was observed in energy intake (p = 0.001). Mean fiber intake (19 and 21 g/d in females and males, respectively) was less than adequate intake (26/38 g/d), but increased after NI (p = 0.000). Enhancement was noted in total, and complex carbohydrates, and total proteins, and values were increased with time (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Nutritional intervention, based on Mediterranean diet, improves total energy, and macronutrients intake, and increases MD adherence scores in adolescents athletes.

scholarly journals Development of a Rapid Risk and Impact Assessment Tool to Enhance Response to Environmental Emergencies in the Early Stages of a Disaster: A Tool Developed by the European Multiple Environmental Threats Emergency NETwork (EMETNET) Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma-Jane Goode ◽  
Eirian Thomas ◽  
Owen Landeg ◽  
Raquel Duarte-Davidson ◽  
Lisbeth Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Environmental Disasters ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvery year, numerous environmental disasters and emergencies occur across the globe with far-reaching impacts on human health and the environment. The ability to rapidly assess an environmental emergency to mitigate potential risks and impacts is paramount. However, collating the necessary evidence in the early stages of an emergency to conduct a robust risk assessment is a major challenge. This article presents a methodology developed to help assess the risks and impacts during the early stages of such incidents, primarily to support the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism but also the wider global community in the response to environmental emergencies. An online rapid risk and impact assessment tool has also been developed to promote enhanced collaboration between experts who are working remotely, considering the impact of a disaster on the environment and public health in the short, medium, and long terms. The methodology developed can support the appropriate selection of experts and assets to be deployed to affected regions to ensure that potential public health and environmental risks and impacts are mitigated whenever possible. This methodology will aid defensible decision making, communication, planning, and risk management, and presents a harmonized understanding of the associated impacts of an environmental emergency.

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