scholarly journals Impact of Vitamin D Deficit on the Rat Gut Microbiome

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Robles-Vera ◽  
María Callejo ◽  
Ricardo Ramos ◽  
Juan Duarte ◽  
Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Rat Gut

Inadequate immunologic, metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis has been related to either an alteration of the gut microbiota or to vitamin D deficiency. We analyzed whether vitamin D deficiency alters rat gut microbiota. Male Wistar rats were fed a standard or a vitamin D-free diet for seven weeks. The microbiome composition was determined in fecal samples by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The vitamin D-free diet produced mild changes on α- diversity but no effect on β-diversity in the global microbiome. Markers of gut dysbiosis like Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio or the short chain fatty acid producing bacterial genera were not significantly affected by vitamin D deficiency. Notably, there was an increase in the relative abundance of the Enterobacteriaceae, with significant rises in its associated genera Escherichia, Candidatus blochmannia and Enterobacter in vitamin D deficient rats. Prevotella and Actinomyces were also increased and Odoribacteraceae and its genus Butyricimonas were decreased in rats with vitamin D-free diet. In conclusion, vitamin D deficit does not induce gut dysbiosis but produces some specific changes in bacterial taxa, which may play a pathophysiological role in the immunologic dysregulation associated with this hypovitaminosis.

Pilot trial of vitamin D3 and calcifediol in healthy vitamin D deficient adults: does it change the fecal microbiome?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Shieh ◽  
S Melanie Lee ◽  
Venu Lagishetty ◽  
Carter Gottleib ◽  
Jonathan P Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity

Abstract Purpose To determine whether correcting vitamin D deficiency with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3, D3) or calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 25(OH)D3) changes gut microbiome composition. Methods 18 adults with vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <20 ng/ml) received 60 mcg/day of D3 or 20 mcg/day of 25(OH)D3 for 8 weeks. Changes in serum 25(OH)D, 1,25-diydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) were assessed. We characterized composition of the fecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and examined changes in α-diversity (Chao 1, Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity, Shannon Index), β-diversity (DEICODE), and genus-level abundances (DESeq2). Results Vitamin D3 and 25(OH)D3 groups were similar. After 8 weeks of vitamin D3, mean 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D increased significantly, but 1,25(OH)2D did not (25(OH)D: 17.8 to 30.1 ng/ml [p=0.002]; 24,25(OH)2D: 1.1 to 2.7 ng/ml [p=0.003]; 1,25(OH)2D: 49.5 to 53.0 pg/ml [p=0.9]). After 8 weeks of 25(OH)D3, mean 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D, and 1,25(OH)2D increased significantly (25(OH)D: 16.7 to 50.6 ng/ml [p<0.0001]; 24,25(OH)2D: 1.3 to 6.2 ng/ml [p=0.0001]; 1,25(OH)2D: 56.5 to 74.2 pg/ml [p=0.05]). Fecal microbial α-diversity and β-diversity did not change with D3 or 25D3 supplementation. Mean relative abundance of Firmicutes increased and mean relative abundance of Bacterioidetes decreased from baseline to four weeks, but returned to baseline by study completion. DESeq2 analysis did not confirm any statistically significant taxonomic changes. Main conclusions In a small sample of healthy adults with vitamin D deficiency, restoration of vitamin D sufficiency with vitamin D3 or 25(OH)D3 did not lead to lasting changes in the fecal microbiota.

scholarly journals Effect of chewing betel nut on the gut microbiota of Hainanese

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258489
Author(s):  
Li Ying ◽  
Yunjia Yang ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Hairong Huang ◽  
Guankui Du
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Betel Nut Chewing ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Betel nut chewing (BNC) is prevalent in South Asia and Southeast Asia. BNC can affect host health by modulating the gut microbiota. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of BNC on the gut microbiota of the host. Feces samples were obtained from 34 BNC individuals from Ledong and Lingshui, Hainan, China. The microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. BNC decreased the microbial α-diversity. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla, accounting for 99.35% of the BNC group. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in the BNC group compared to a control group. The abundances of the families Aerococcaceae, Neisseriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Planococcaceae were decreased in the BNC/BNC_Male/BNC_Female groups compared to the control group, whereas the abundances of Coriobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Coxiellaceae, Nocardioidaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Succinivibrionaceae were increased. In general, the gut microbiome profiles suggest that BNC may have positive effects, such as an increase in the abundance of beneficial microbes and a reduction in the abundance of disease-related microbes. However, BNC may also produce an increase in the abundance of disease-related microbes. Therefore, extraction of prebiotic components could increase the beneficial value of betel nut.

scholarly journals Essential hypertension is associated with changes in gut microbial metabolic pathways: A multi-site analysis of ambulatory blood pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nakai ◽  
Rosilene V Ribeiro ◽  
Bruce R. Stevens ◽  
Paul Gill ◽  
Rikeish R. Muralitharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Variant ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Β Diversity

AbstractAimsRecent evidence supports a role for the gut microbiota in hypertension, but whether ambulatory blood pressure (BP) is associated with gut microbiota and their metabolites remains unclear. Here we characterised the function of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and receptors in untreated human hypertensive participants in metropolitan and regional areas of Australia.Methods and ResultsAmbulatory BP, faecal microbiome DNA 16S rRNA gene sequencing, plasma and faecal metabolites called short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs), and expression of their receptors were analysed in 70 untreated and otherwise healthy participants from metropolitan and regional communities. Based on machine-learning multivariate covariance analyses of de-noised amplicon sequence variant (ASV) prevalence data, we determined that there were no significant differences in gut microbiome community α- and β-diversity metrics between normotensives versus essential, white coat or masked hypertensives. However, select taxa were specific to these groups, notably Acidaminococcus spp. in essential hypertensives, and Ruminococcus spp. and Coprobacillus in normotensive subjects. Importantly, normotensive and essential hypertensive cohorts could be differentiated based on gut microbiome gene pathways and metabolites. Specifically, hypertensive participants exhibited higher plasma acetate and butyrate, but their immune cells expressed reduced levels of SCFA-activated G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43).ConclusionsWhile gut microbial diversity did not change in essential hypertension, there was a significant shift in microbial gene pathways, and an increase in the circulating levels of the SCFAs acetate and butyrate. Hypertensive subjects, however, had lower levels of the SCFA-sensing receptor GPR43, putatively blunting their response to BP-lowering metabolites.

scholarly journals Sex Results in Divergence in Gut Bacterial Community between Female and Male Pardosa astrigera (Araneae: Lycosidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Gao ◽  
Pengfeng Wu ◽  
Shuyan Cui ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Guo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Pardosa Astrigera ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Agro Forestry

Sex is one of the important factors affecting gut microbiota. As key predators in agro-forestry ecosystem, many spider species show dramatically different activity habits and nutritional requirements between female and male. However, how sex affects gut microbiota of spiders is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, the compositions and diversities of gut bacteria, based on bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were compared between female and male Pardosa astrigera. We found that bacterial richness indices (P < 0.05) in female were significantly lower than male, meanwhile, β-diversity showed significantly different between female and male (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Rhodococcus (belongs to Actinobacteria) were significantly higher in female than male (P < 0.05). Whereas, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Acinetobacter (belongs to Proteobacteria), Ruminococcus and Fusicatenibacter (all belong to Firmicutes), were significantly higher in male than female (P < 0.05). The results of PICRUSt2 showed that amino acid and lipid metabolisms were significantly higher in female than male (P < 0.05), whereas glycan biosynthesis and metabolism was significantly higher in male than female (P < 0.05). Our results imply that sexual variation is a crucial factor in shaping gut bacterial community in P. astrigera. Male P. astrigera dispersed more widely than the female hence the male had a higher bacterial diversity. While the distinct differences of bacterial composition mainly due to their different nutritional and energy requirements.

scholarly journals Alterations of gut microbiota composition in post-finasteride patients: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Borgo ◽  
A. D. Macandog ◽  
S. Diviccaro ◽  
E. Falvo ◽  
S. Giatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Purpose Post-finasteride syndrome (PFS) has been reported in a subset of patients treated with finasteride (an inhibitor of the enzyme 5alpha-reductase) for androgenetic alopecia. These patients showed, despite the suspension of the treatment, a variety of persistent symptoms, like sexual dysfunction and cognitive and psychological disorders, including depression. A growing body of literature highlights the relevance of the gut microbiota-brain axis in human health and disease. For instance, alterations in gut microbiota composition have been reported in patients with major depressive disorder. Therefore, we have here analyzed the gut microbiota composition in PFS patients in comparison with a healthy cohort. Methods Fecal microbiota of 23 PFS patients was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared with that reported in ten healthy male subjects. Results Sexual dysfunction, psychological and cognitive complaints, muscular problems, and physical alterations symptoms were reported in more than half of the PFS patients at the moment of sample collection. The quality sequence check revealed a low library depth for two fecal samples. Therefore, the gut microbiota analyses were conducted on 21 patients. The α-diversity was significantly lower in PFS group, showing a reduction of richness and diversity of gut microbiota structure. Moreover, when visualizing β-diversity, a clustering effect was found in the gut microbiota of a subset of PFS subjects, which was also characterized by a reduction in Faecalibacterium spp. and Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, while Alloprevotella and Odoribacter spp were increased compared to healthy control. Conclusion Gut microbiota population is altered in PFS patients, suggesting that it might represent a diagnostic marker and a possible therapeutic target for this syndrome.

scholarly journals Effect of Commonly Used Pediatric Antibiotics on Gut Microbial Diversity in Preschool Children in Burkina Faso: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine E Oldenburg ◽  
Ali Sié ◽  
Boubacar Coulibaly ◽  
Lucienne Ouermi ◽  
Clarisse Dah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

Abstract Background Exposure to antibiotics may result in alterations to the composition of intestinal microbiota. However, few trials have been conducted, and observational studies are subject to confounding by indication. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of 3 commonly used pediatric antibiotics on the intestinal microbiome in healthy preschool children. Methods Children aged 6–59 months were randomized (1:1:1:1) to a 5-day course of 1 of 3 antibiotics, including amoxicillin (25 mg/kg/d twice-daily doses), azithromycin (10 mg/kg dose on day 1 and then 5 mg/kg once daily for 4 days), cotrimoxazole (240 mg once daily), or placebo. Rectal swabs were obtained at baseline and 5 days after the last dose and were processed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The prespecified primary outcome was inverse Simpson’s α-diversity index. Results Post-treatment Simpson’s diversity was significantly different across the 4 arms (P = .003). The mean Simpson’s α-diversity among azithromycin-treated children was significantly lower than in placebo-treated children (6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.5–7.8; vs 9.8; 95% CI, 8.7–10.9; P = .0001). Diversity in children treated with amoxicillin (8.3; 95% CI, 7.0–9.6; P = .09) or cotrimoxazole (8.3; 95% CI, 8.2–9.7; P = .08) was not significantly different than placebo. Conclusions Azithromycin affects the composition of the pediatric intestinal microbiome. The effect of amoxicillin and cotrimoxazole on microbiome composition was less clear. Clinical Trials Registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT03187834.

scholarly journals Distinct Features of Gut Microbiota in High-Altitude Tibetan and Middle-Altitude Han Hypertensive Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lu-lu Zhu ◽  
Zhi-jun Ma ◽  
Ming Ren ◽  
Yu-miao Wei ◽  
Yu-hua Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Lower Ratio ◽  
Distinct Features

Indigenous animals show unique gut microbiota (GM) in the Tibetan plateau. However, it is unknown whether the hypertensive indigenous people in plateau also have the distinct gut bacteria, different from those living in plains. We sequenced the V3-V4 region of the gut bacteria 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of feces samples among hypertensive patients (HPs) and healthy individuals (HIs) from 3 distinct altitudes: Tibetans from high altitude (3600–4500 m, n = 38 and 34), Hans from middle altitude (2260 m, n = 49 and 35), and Hans from low altitude (13 m, n = 34 and 35) and then analyzed the GM composition among hypertensive and healthy subgroups using the bioinformatics analysis, respectively. The GM of high-altitude Tibetan and middle-altitude Han HPs presented greater α- and β-diversities, lower ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and higher abundance of beneficial Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia than the low-altitudes HPs did. The GM of high-altitude Tibetan and middle-altitude HIs showed greater α-diversity and lower ratio of F/B than the low-altitudes HIs did. But, β-diversity and abundance of Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia among different subgroups of HIs did not show any differences. Conclusively, the high-altitude Tibetan and middle-altitude Han HPs have a distinct feature of GM, which may be important in their adaptation to hypertension in the plateau environments.

scholarly journals Guiqi Baizhu Decoction Alleviates Radiation Inflammation in Rats by Modulating the Composition of the Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Li-Ying Zhang ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Yi-Ming Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Min Xu ◽  
Yang-Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Immunity Function

The gut microbiota is important in metabolism and immune modulation, and compositional disruption of the gut microbiota population is closely associated with inflammation caused by ionizing radiation (IR). Guiqi Baizhu decoction (GQBZD) is a medicinal compound used in traditional Chinese medicine with anti-inflammatory and antioxidation effects, especially in the process of radiotherapy. However, the effect of GQBZD on reducing the damage to the normal immune system in radiotherapy remains unclear. Here, we show that GQBZD reduces body weights, water intake, food intake, diarrhea level and quality of life score, and inflammation and enhances immunity function in rats treated with X-ray radiation. Meanwhile, our data indicate that GQBZD not only reverses IR-induced gut dysbiosis as indicated change of α-diversity and β-diversity of microbiota, the composition of Desulfovibrio, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides, except for Roseburia and Lachnoclostridium, but also maintains intestinal barrier integrity and promoting the formation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). GQBZD can also reduce the level of phosphorylation P65 (p-P65). Our results demonstrate that GQBZD can significantly alleviate the inflammatory responses and improve the immune damage against IR, and may be used as prebiotic agents to prevent gut dysbiosis and radiation-related metabolic disorders in radiotherapy.

scholarly journals Microbiome Composition and Relationships Among Glycemic Responses Following Resistant Starch Intake from Potatoes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1577-1577
Author(s):  
Joy Nolte Fong ◽  
Stephanie Kung ◽  
Derek Miketinas ◽  
Nadim Ajami ◽  
Wanyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract Objectives We explored the relationship between microbiome α-diversity and relative abundance (RA) of resistant starch (RS)-degrading bacteria and glycemic responses following the intake of Russet potatoes with varying amounts of RS. Methods Healthy females who were overweight consumed 250gm of hot (∼8.5 gm RS) or cold potatoes (∼10.8 gm RS) in a randomized crossover study. Stool was collected prior to the intervention and microbiomes were profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Only bacterial genera prevalent in ≥ 50% of subjects were included. Diet journals were collected for 10 days. Participants had postprandial blood drawn at 15, 30, 60, & 120 min following the potatoes for glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analysis. “Responders” to RS were those with a ≥ 20% reduction (mean % difference) in area under the curve (AUC) of insulin following cold vs hot potatoes. Insulin was chosen because it had the most pronounced change among the biomarkers. Spearman's correlation identified relationships between bacteria and the diet and glycemic responses. Wilcoxon signed rank test compared data between Responder groups. Linear mixed models assessed glycemic responses over time. Results Thirty subjects (29.6 ± 6.0 y, BMI 32.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2) completed the study. There were significant reductions in AUC insulin and GIP across the interventions following the cold potato compared to the hot potato: P = 0.012, partial ŋ2 = 0.213 (insulin) and P &lt; 0.0001, partial ŋ2 = 0.875 (GIP). No differences in glucose or GLP-1 were found. Shannon α-diversity score negatively correlated with mean dietary fat (r = -0.776, P &lt; 0.0001) and positively correlated with % kilocalories from carbohydrates and insoluble fiber (r = 0.568, P = 0.001 & r = 0.527, P = 0.003, respectively). Responders (59%) to increased RS intake only differed in the RA of Subdoligranulum (P = 0.011), a butyrate-producing bacterium. Conclusions Most participants responded to RS resulting in lower AUC insulin. Several Ruminococcaceae genera correlated with AUC GIP or GLP-1 following both potatoes, which may glean insight on potential mechanisms that affect insulin response following cold or hot potatoes with varying amounts of RS. Funding Sources The Alliance for Potato Research and Education and the university's Small Grant Program.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Gut Microbiota Alters the Tumour-Suppressive Efficacy of Tim-3 Pathway Blockade in a Bacterial Species- and Host Factor-Dependent Manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Bokyoung Lee ◽  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Min-Yeong Woo ◽  
Mi Jin Lee ◽  
Ho-Joon Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Checkpoint Molecule

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein-3 (Tim-3) is an immune checkpoint molecule and a target for anti-cancer therapy. In this study, we examined whether gut microbiota manipulation altered the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade. The gut microbiota of mice was manipulated through the administration of antibiotics and oral gavage of bacteria. Alterations in the gut microbiome were analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gut dysbiosis triggered by antibiotics attenuated the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Anti-tumour efficacy was restored following oral gavage of faecal bacteria even as antibiotic administration continued. In the case of oral gavage of Enterococcus hirae or Lactobacillus johnsonii, transferred bacterial species and host mouse strain were critical determinants of the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade. Bacterial gavage did not increase the alpha diversity of gut microbiota in antibiotic-treated mice but did alter the microbiome composition, which was associated with the restoration of the anti-tumour efficacy of Tim-3 blockade. Conclusively, our results indicate that gut microbiota modulation may improve the therapeutic efficacy of Tim-3 blockade during concomitant antibiotic treatment. The administered bacterial species and host factors should be considered in order to achieve therapeutically beneficial modulation of the microbiota.

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